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JET STREAM

#1. The arbitrary lower limit of jet core velocity has been
assigned by WMO as

60 kt

60 m/s

70 m/s

Doc.pilot10 Report Solve this Question

The correct answer is A: 60 kt because the World Meteorological

Organization (WMO) has established 60 knots (kt) as the minimum
threshold for deHning the core velocity of a jet stream. This means that for
a wind to be classiHed as part of a jet stream, its speed in the core region
must be at least 60 knots.

Here's why this answer is correct and others are not:

Option A: 60 kt (Correct): The WMO uses knots (nautical miles per

hour) as the standard unit for wind speed. The 60 kt threshold is an
internationally agreed-upon lower limit for jet stream core velocity,
ensuring consistency in meteorological deHnitions and observations.

Option B: 60 m/s (Incorrect): 60 meters per second (m/s) is

equivalent to about 116.6 knots, which is much higher than the WMO-
deHned threshold of 60 knots. This value does not align with the WMO
standard.

Option C: 70 m/s (Incorrect): 70 m/s is even faster than 60 m/s

(approximately 136 knots), which is far above the WMO's 60 kt limit.
This is not the correct value for the lower limit.

Option D: (Blank, Incorrect): This is not a valid answer since it doesn't

provide any numerical value.

In summary, 60 kt is the correct and recognized threshold set by the WMO

for the lower limit of jet core velocity, making it the appropriate answer.

#2. Jet stream has

one maxima

one or more maxima

only two maxima

Doc.pilot10 Report Solve this Question

The correct answer is B: one or more maxima because jet streams are fast-
Towing, narrow air currents in the atmosphere that can have varying
intensities along their path. The term "maxima" refers to regions within the
jet stream where wind speeds are at their strongest. Since jet streams can
Tuctuate in strength and structure due to atmospheric conditions, they can
have one or more maxima at different locations along their Tow.

Why other options are incorrect:

A: One maxima: This is incorrect because jet streams are not limited
to having just one area of maximum wind speed; multiple maxima can
occur.
C: Only two maxima: This is also incorrect because the number of
maxima is not Hxed at two; it can vary and often depends on
atmospheric dynamics.
D: (Blank): This is not a valid answer.

In summary, jet streams are dynamic systems, and their wind speeds can
peak in one or more places, making B the correct and most appropriate
choice.

#3. The vertical wind shear in Jet stream is about

5m/s km

6m/s km

8m/s km

Doc.pilot10 Report Solve this Question

The vertical wind shear in the jet stream is about 5 m/s per kilometer, which
corresponds to option A. Here's why this is correct:

1. DeAnition of Vertical Wind Shear: Vertical wind shear refers to how

wind speed changes with height in the atmosphere. In the jet stream,
this change is signiHcant because the jet stream is a high-speed air
current located in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere.

2. Typical Value in Jet Streams: Studies and atmospheric observations

show that in the jet stream region, the vertical wind shear is
approximately 5 m/s per kilometer. This means that for every
kilometer you ascend vertically in the atmosphere near the jet stream,
the wind speed increases by around 5 meters per second.

3. Comparison with Other Options:

Option B (6 m/s km): This value slightly overestimates the

typical vertical wind shear observed in the jet stream.
Option C (8 m/s km): This is too high and not supported by
standard atmospheric data for jet streams.
Option D (Blank): No information provided, so not a valid choice.
4. Why 5 m/s km is Accurate: Jet streams are characterized by strong
horizontal wind gradients but moderate vertical wind shear. The value
of 5 m/s per kilometer accurately represents the typical vertical wind
shear based on meteorological data and research.

In summary, A: 5 m/s km is correct because it aligns with the observed and

widely accepted vertical wind shear values in jet streams.

#4. Compared to horizontal wind shear the vertical wind

shear in a Jet stream is

weaker

stronger

same

Doc.pilot10 Report Solve this Question

The correct answer is B: stronger because vertical wind shear in a jet

stream is typically more pronounced than horizontal wind shear.

Explanation:
1. Vertical Wind Shear: This refers to a change in wind speed or
direction with height. In jet streams, there is a rapid increase in wind
speed as you move vertically (through altitude) into the core of the jet
stream. This creates a strong vertical wind gradient.

2. Horizontal Wind Shear: This refers to a change in wind speed or

direction across a horizontal distance. While the wind speed also
changes horizontally across the jet stream (e.g., from the jet core
outward), it is generally less signiHcant compared to the sharp wind
speed changes that occur with altitude.

3. Why Vertical is Stronger: Jet streams are characterized by a

concentrated band of very high-speed winds at speciHc altitudes,
creating a steep vertical gradient. The horizontal wind shear, while
present, is typically weaker because the wind speed changes more
gradually over horizontal distances than it does vertically.

In summary, the concentrated nature of jet streams in terms of altitude

results in stronger vertical wind shear compared to horizontal wind shear.

#5. In a jet stream, the path of the maximum speed is

known as

Core

Axis

Jet streak

Doc.pilot10 Report Solve this Question

The correct answer is B: Axis because, in meteorology, the axis of a jet

stream refers speciHcally to the central path or line along which the wind
speeds are highest. This is the "maximum speed" region within the jet
stream and represents its core Tow direction.

Here’s why the other options are incorrect:

A: Core: While the term "core" is often used informally to describe the
central strong winds of the jet stream, it does not speciHcally deHne
the line of maximum wind speed.
C: Jet streak: A jet streak refers to a localized area of signiHcantly
higher wind speeds within the jet stream, not the overall path of
maximum speed.
D: This option is blank and not applicable.

Thus, Axis is the correct, technical term for the path of maximum wind
speed within a jet stream.

#6. The wind speed along the axis of a jet stream is always

Uniform

Not uniform

Doc.pilot10 Report Solve this Question

The correct answer is B: Not uniform because the wind speed along the
axis of a jet stream varies. Jet streams are narrow bands of strong winds in
the upper atmosphere, and their speed changes due to variations in
atmospheric pressure, temperature gradients, and geographic features.
These factors create areas of stronger winds (called jet streaks) and
weaker winds along the jet stream, making the wind speed not uniform.

Option A ("Uniform") is incorrect because wind speed does not remain

constant throughout the entire length of the jet stream.

#7. Along the axis of a jet stream there are centres of high
speed winds, these are called

Jet streaks

Core

Axis

Doc.pilot10 Report Solve this Question

The correct answer is A: Jet streaks because jet streaks refer to localized
regions of the fastest wind speeds within the jet stream. These high-speed
wind centers occur along the axis of the jet stream, which is a ribbon of
strong winds in the upper atmosphere.

Why not "Core" (B): While the jet stream has a "core" where winds are
strongest, the term "core" is a general descriptor and does not
speciHcally refer to the localized high-speed areas within the jet
stream.
Why not "Axis" (C): The "axis" refers to the central path or line around
which the jet stream Tows, not the high-speed wind areas within it.
Why not "D" (blank): This is not a valid option.

In summary, jet streaks precisely describe the high-speed wind centers,

making it the most accurate answer.

#8. In a wavy jet the Jet streaks are located over or near the

Ridge

Trough

Between Trough and Ridge

Doc.pilot10 Report Solve this Question

In meteorology, a jet streak refers to a region of stronger winds within the

jet stream. Jet streaks are commonly associated with areas of enhanced
atmospheric motion and are often found in speciHc locations within the
wavy pattern of the jet stream.

The correct answer is "A: Ridge" because:

1. Jet stream dynamics: In a wavy jet pattern, the jet stream alternates
between ridges (areas of high pressure and anticyclonic curvature)
and troughs (areas of low pressure and cyclonic curvature). Jet
streaks typically align with areas of maximum wind speeds, which are
often found over or near the ridges.

2. Wind acceleration in ridges: As the air Tows upward into the ridge, it
experiences increasing wind speeds due to atmospheric dynamics.
These higher wind speeds create the conditions for jet streaks to form
in or near the ridge.

3. Trough vs. Ridge placement: In contrast, troughs are associated with

slower wind speeds due to the opposing forces of convergence and
cyclonic curvature. This is why jet streaks are less likely to form in the
trough region.

Hence, the placement of jet streaks over or near ridges is directly tied to the
dynamics of the atmospheric Tow and the distribution of wind speeds in a
wavy jet.

#9. Sub-tropical Jet stream (STJ) is

Westerly

Easterly

Southerly

Doc.pilot10 Report Solve this Question

The correct answer is A: Westerly because the Sub-tropical Jet Stream

(STJ) Tows from west to east in the atmosphere, which deHnes a "westerly"
wind.

Here’s why:

1. Global Wind Patterns: The STJ forms between 25° and 35° latitude in
both hemispheres, where the Hadley Cell meets the Ferrel Cell. In this
region, air moves poleward and is deTected eastward by the Coriolis
Effect, creating a westerly Tow.

2. Jet Stream Characteristics: Jet streams are fast-moving air currents

in the upper troposphere, and the STJ speciHcally is always westerly
due to the Earth's rotation and atmospheric circulation patterns.

3. Elimination of Other Options:

Easterly (b): Winds moving from east to west are easterly, but
this does not apply to the STJ.
Southerly (c): Southerly winds move from south to north, which
is unrelated to the STJ’s direction.
(d): This option is blank and not valid.

Thus, the STJ is westerly because its movement is driven by global

atmospheric dynamics that consistently create west-to-east airTow.

#10. The normal position of Sub-tropical Jet Stream is

30°N

27°N

35°N

Doc.pilot10 Report Solve this Question

The correct answer is B: 27°N because the Sub-tropical Jet Stream (STJ)
typically forms around 27°N latitude in the Northern Hemisphere. This jet
stream is located near the boundary of the tropical and subtropical regions,
where temperature gradients and the Coriolis effect are strongest. The STJ
is inTuenced by the Earth's atmospheric circulation patterns, such as the
Hadley Cell, which shifts air currents and creates strong winds at this
latitude.

Other options are incorrect because:

30°N (Option A): While close, it is slightly too far north compared to
the average observed position of the STJ.
35°N (Option C): This is too far north for the typical position of the
STJ.
Option D: No answer provided.

Thus, 27°N is the most accurate representation of the normal position of

the Sub-tropical Jet Stream.

#11. The southern most position of STJ is February is

22°N

20°N

18°N

Doc.pilot10 Report Solve this Question

The Subtropical Jet Stream (STJ) shifts its position based on seasonal
variations. In February, which is winter in the Northern Hemisphere, the STJ
typically reaches its southernmost position due to the temperature gradient
between the tropics and mid-latitudes being strongest.

The correct answer, 22°N, is based on climatological studies and

observations that show the STJ's average southernmost latitude during
February is around this position. This is because the STJ moves southward
during winter and northward during summer. Among the options provided,
22°N is the best match for the southernmost position of the STJ in
February.

Straight to the point: 22°N is correct because it aligns with the observed
latitudinal position of the STJ during February, considering global
atmospheric patterns.

#12. The STJ affects India from

Jun to Jul

Oct to May

Aug to Sep

Doc.pilot10 Report Solve this Question

The correct answer is B: Oct to May because the Subtropical Jet (STJ)
inTuences India during the winter and early summer months. Here's why:

1. What is the STJ?

The Subtropical Jet is a high-altitude wind current that Tows from
west to east in the subtropics, typically at altitudes of 10–16 km. It is
strongest during the winter months.

2. Why Oct to May?

During October to May, the STJ strengthens as the Indian

monsoon weakens and retreats. This period corresponds to
winter and the pre-monsoon months in India.
The STJ's presence impacts weather patterns, such as bringing
western disturbances (moisture-bearing winds) that cause
winter rainfall in northern India.
3. Why not the other options?

A: Jun to Jul: This is the peak monsoon season in India,

dominated by the Tropical Easterly Jet (TEJ), not the STJ.
C: Aug to Sep: This is also part of the monsoon season, where
the STJ is weak or displaced.
D: (Blank): An incomplete or invalid option.

In summary, the STJ affects India from October to May, aligning with the
post-monsoon, winter, and pre-monsoon seasons.

#13. STJ has a layered structure. There are often two layers
of max wind to the ____ of jet core

SW

Doc.pilot10 Report Solve this Question

The correct answer is A: S because in the case of the Subtropical Jet (STJ),
the maximum wind layers commonly occur to the south (S) of the jet core.

This phenomenon is due to the way the jet stream forms at the boundary
between different air masses. The STJ is located at the boundary of tropical
and subtropical air, with the highest wind speeds concentrated in the core.
The wind speeds often decrease to the north (towards higher latitudes),
while additional layers of high wind can be found south of the core, closer
to the equator, due to the vertical and horizontal distribution of temperature
and pressure gradients inTuencing the wind Tow.

In summary:

S (south) is correct because the STJ's structure often has layered

wind maxima south of the jet core.
Other options (N, SW) are incorrect as the wind patterns and
dynamics do not typically show layers of max winds in those
directions relative to the core.

#14. The STJ strengthens

Northwards

Upstream

Downstream

Doc.pilot10 Report Solve this Question

The correct answer is C: Downstream because in meteorology, the

Subtropical Jet (STJ) strengthens downstream of areas where there is
enhanced upper-level divergence or signiHcant energy transfer in the
atmosphere. This phenomenon occurs due to the conservation of
momentum as air accelerates in the jet stream, particularly when energy
propagates forward (downstream) in the atmosphere.

Here’s why the other options are incorrect:

a: Northwards: The STJ does not primarily strengthen by moving

northward. Its strength depends on wind speeds and energy transfer,
not just latitude.
b: Upstream: The STJ does not typically strengthen upstream because
energy and momentum are carried forward (downstream), not
backward (upstream).
d: (blank): This is not a valid option.

Thus, C: Downstream is correct because the STJ intensiHes as energy and

momentum are transferred forward along its path.

#15. At and near the STJ the temperature gradient is very

Small

Large

Moderate

Doc.pilot10 Report Solve this Question

The correct answer is A: Small because:

1. STJ DeAnition: The Subtropical Jet Stream (STJ) is a narrow band of

strong winds located at high altitudes (around 30,000–40,000 feet)
near the subtropics, typically between 20°–35° latitude.

2. Temperature Gradient Importance: Jet streams are driven by

temperature gradients (differences) between warm and cold air
masses. A large temperature gradient creates strong winds, such as
in the Polar Jet Stream.

3. STJ Characteristics: The STJ forms at the boundary of tropical and

subtropical air masses, which have relatively similar temperatures.
This results in a smaller temperature gradient compared to the Polar
Jet Stream, where the temperature difference is much more
pronounced.

4. Why "Small" is Correct: Since the STJ occurs in regions with less
contrast in air temperatures, the temperature gradient at and near the
STJ is small, not large or moderate.

In summary, the small temperature gradient near the STJ is due to the
relatively similar air temperatures in the subtropical and tropical regions.

#16. Vertical wind shear in STJ is greater ______ the core

above

below

along

Doc.pilot10 Report Solve this Question

The correct answer is A: above because vertical wind shear in the

Subtropical Jet Stream (STJ) is typically stronger above the jet core.

Explanation:
1. Jet Core DeAnition: The jet core is the area of the strongest wind
speeds within the jet stream. In the STJ, this is located at the upper
levels of the atmosphere, usually near the tropopause (~200-300 hPa
pressure level).

2. Wind Shear: Vertical wind shear refers to the change in wind speed (or
direction) with height. In the STJ, wind speeds decrease signiHcantly
above the core as the atmospheric layers transition into the lower
stratosphere.

3. Why "Above"?

The jet core lies close to the tropopause, where the wind speed
decreases rapidly above it because of the lack of a strong
thermal gradient in the stratosphere (the driving force for jet
streams).
Below the jet core, wind speeds decrease more gradually
because the jet stream is supported by the thermal gradient in
the troposphere.
4. Other Options:

B: Below: Vertical wind shear is weaker below the core

compared to above because of the more gradual wind speed
changes in the troposphere.
C: Along: This describes horizontal wind speed changes, not
vertical shear.
D: (Blank): Not a valid choice.

Thus, the strongest vertical wind shear in the STJ occurs above the core
due to the rapid wind speed decrease entering the stratosphere.

#17. The TJ prevails over the Indian Peninsula from

May to Jun

Sep to Oct

Jun to Aug

Doc.pilot10 Report Solve this Question

The correct answer is C: Jun to Aug because the Tropical Jet Stream (TJ)
over the Indian Peninsula is associated with the summer monsoon season.
During this period, starting in June and lasting through August, the Indian
subcontinent experiences the southwest monsoon, driven by the movement
of the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) and strong low-pressure
systems.

The Tropical Jet Stream plays a signiHcant role in steering the monsoon
winds and inTuencing the heavy rainfall patterns that occur across the
region during these months. The timing aligns with the peak monsoon
season in India, making June to August the correct choice.

Other options are incorrect because:

May to Jun (Option A): Monsoon onset begins in late May or early
June, but the TJ's inTuence persists well into August.
Sep to Oct (Option B): This is the withdrawal phase of the monsoon,
not the peak time when the TJ inTuences the region.

#18. The TJ is located over the Indian Peninsula,

approximately at

13°N