Course Title: Internet of Things (IoT)
COURSE CODE: COSC-5110 ELECTIVE-I (IOT)
COURSE DURATION: 3-4 CREDITS
LECTURE # 1
OUTLINE:
Introduction to IOT
1. Definition, history, and evolution of IOT
2. IOT architecture and components
3. IOT protocols and communication technologies
Title
► - Title: Introduction to IoT
► - Subtitle: Defining the Internet of Things
Definition of IoT
► What is IoT?
"The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to the network
of physical devices, vehicles, home appliances,
and other items embedded with sensors,
software, and connectivity, allowing them to
collect and exchange data."
Real Life Examples: Smarts home and vehicles etc.
History of IoT
► A Brief History of IoT
► Timeline:
❑ - 1980s: First IoT-like devices (e.g., Coke vending machine)
❑ - 1990s: RFID and sensor technologies emerge
❑ - 2000s: IPv6 and wireless sensor networks
❑ - 2010s: IoT term popularized, smart homes/cities emerge
Evolution of IoT
► The Evolution of IoT refers to the development of the Internet of Things over time. It started from
simple concepts of machine-to-machine communication and has grown into a vast network of
interconnected devices, contributing to advancements in various industries.
► The evolution highlights the growth from basic networking to complex, intelligent systems that enhance
automation and connectivity across the world.
Evolution of IoT
► Bullet points:
❑ - Increased connectivity and device proliferation
❑ - Advancements in AI, ML, and data analytics
❑ - Growing focus on security, privacy, and interoperability
❑ - Emerging applications (e.g., Industrial IoT, Healthcare)
Evolution of IoT
Early Stage (1990s): IoT began with the idea of connecting devices for communication. During this period, the
concept of networked devices and basic sensors was introduced.
•Wireless Era (2000s): With the growth of wireless technologies such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and cellular
networks, it became easier to connect devices without physical connections, enabling more advanced
applications of IoT.
•Modern IoT (2010s and beyond): With the rise of cloud computing, big data, and artificial intelligence, IoT has
grown significantly. Devices are now smarter, more efficient, and capable of analyzing and processing data in
real-time. This era has brought about applications in smart homes, industries, healthcare, and urban
development.
•Future Prospects: As IoT continues to evolve, we expect further integration with AI, edge computing, and 5G,
enabling more autonomous and intelligent systems, as well as broader applications in sectors like smart cities
and industrial automation.
IoT Architecture
► Diagram: Simplified IoT architecture layers:
1. Devices (sensors, actuators)
2. Network (wireless, wired)
3. Gateway
4. Cloud/Edge computing
5. Application layer
(Note) Notes should provided about IOT architecture.
IoT Components
The key components of the Internet of Things (IoT) are the building blocks that enable the
connection, communication, and operation of smart devices. These components include:
► - Sensors and actuators
► - Microcontrollers and SoCs
► - Communication modules (e.g., Wi-Fi, Bluetooth)
► - Power sources (e.g., batteries, energy harvesting)
► - Software and firmware
Note: Notes should provide to You.
IoT Communication
IoT communication refers to the exchange of data between interconnected
devices, sensors, and systems within the Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystem.
These devices use a variety of communication protocols and technologies to
transmit data to each other, often without human intervention. IoT
communication is fundamental for enabling smart devices to function
effectively in industries like healthcare, agriculture, transportation, and smart
homes.
IoT Communication Technologies
► Key Aspects of IoT Communication:
1. Device-to-Device Communication:
1. Devices communicate directly with one another. For example, sensors in a smart
home can communicate with thermostats to adjust the temperature based on
environmental conditions.
2. Device-to-Gateway Communication:
1. In this model, devices communicate with a central gateway (a device acting as a
hub) that manages the data. The gateway then sends the data to cloud services or
other devices.
IoT Communication
1. Device-to-Cloud Communication:
1. IoT devices transmit data directly to a cloud platform where data
processing, storage, and analysis occur. This model is common in systems like
smart meters, which upload energy consumption data to a central server.
2. Back-End Data-Sharing Communication:
1. IoT systems often use cloud-based platforms to share information across
devices and applications. This allows different IoT solutions to communicate
and interact across various platforms and domains.
IoT Communication Protocols
► Table or list:
❑ - CoAP (Constrained Application Protocol)
❑ - MQTT (Message Queue Telemetry Transport)
❑ - HTTP/HTTPS
❑ - LWM2M (Lightweight Machine-to-Machine)
❑ - Zigbee, Z-Wave, Bluetooth Low Energya
❑ Web sockets
IoT Communication Technologies
► - Bullet points:
► - Wireless: Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, cellular (2G/3G/4G/5G)
► - Wired: Ethernet, Powerline communication
► - Short-range: NFC, RFID
► - Long-range: LoRaWAN, Sigfox
The role of IoT in modern technology
► IoT generates vast amounts of data that can be analyzed to gain
valuable insights into operations, consumer behavior and market
trends. By harnessing and analyzing big data, businesses can make
data-driven decisions, optimize processes and identify new revenue
opportunities. Offers environmental sustainability.
Assignment of Lecture 1
► Explain the IoT Communication Protocols, their uses and working in details.
(20 marks)
► Instructions:
❑ Hand written
❑ Must be present in good manners
