PROBLEM SOLVING

Tensile Test

1 - A copper test specimen with a rectangular cross-section of 15.2 mm

x 19.1 mm is pulled with a force of 44,500 N, producing only a
elastic deformation. Calculate the resulting deformation.

E= 110GPa

Response:

Whenever it comes to elastic deformation, Hooke's Law is used.

= .

The modulus of elasticity was given in the question. To calculate the deformation
resultant, it is necessary to calculate the tension. For this, it is enough to divide the load by the
cross-sectional area.

The initial cross-section consists of a rectangle with sides 15.2 mm and 19.1 mm.
mm. Before calculating the area, convert the measurements from millimeters to meters, the
to make it easier to calculate the tension. To calculate this area, simply multiply
one side for the other.

S00.0152 m x 0.0191 m = 2.9 x 10-4m2

Q = 44.500 N

σ = Q/S0= 44.500 N / 2.9 x 10-4m2= 153,279,140.26 Pa = 0.153 GPa (GPa =

109Pa)

ε = σ/E = 0.153 GPa / 110 GPa = 0.00139 (1.39 x 10-30.139%

2 - An aluminum bar with a length of 125 mm that has a

square cross-section with 16.5 mm edge is being pulled with a
load of 66,700 N and shows an elongation (ΔL) of 0.43 mm. Assuming
that the deformation is entirely elastic, calculate the modulus of elasticity
of aluminum.

response

Again, the deformation is entirely elastic.

To calculate the deformation, just divide the elongation by the length.

initial of the bar.
ε=∆ / L00.43 mm / 125 mm = 0.00344 or 3.44 x 10-3

The initial cross-section is a square. To calculate its area, just

multiply the side by itself, remembering to convert from millimeters first
for meter.

S0 = 0.0165 m x 0.0165 m or (0.0165 m)2= 2.72 x 10-4m2

σ = Q / S0= 66.700 N / 2.72 x 10-4m2244,995,408.63 Pa = 0.245 GPa

E = σ / ε = 0.245 GPa / 3.44 x 10-3= 71.2 GPa

3 - Consider a cylindrical nickel wire with a diameter of 2.0 mm and 3 x 104

mm in length. Calculate its elongation when a load of 300 N is applied.
applied. Assume that the deformation is completely elastic.

E = 207 GPa

Response

The initial cross-section is a circle. The area of the circle is:

A = (π x D2) / 4 = (π x 0.00223.14 x 10-6m2

σ = Q/S0= 300 N / 3.14 x 10-6m295,541,401.27 Pa = 0.0955 GPa

e = σ / E = 0.0955 GPa / 207 GPa = 4.6 x 10-4

L0equals 3 times 104mm

ε=∆ / L0→∆A = ε x L0= 4.6 x 10-4x 3 x 10413.8 mm

A tensile test was conducted on a steel specimen (1020) with

rectangular cross-section of 9 mm x 13 mm. When the stress reached the
At a value of 380 MPa, necking began. What was the maximum computed load?
during the rehearsal?

S00.009 m x 0.013 m = 117 x 10-6m2

The restriction begins when the maximum load is applied. Having the value of the
tension when the constriction started (called the resistance limit), just
multiply it by the area of the initial cross-section to obtain the load
maximum.

σR= 380 MPa = 380 x 106Pa (Mpa = 106Pa)

σRQmax/S0→ Qmax= σRx S0380 x 106Pa x 117 x 10-6m2= 44.460 N

5 - What material is more resilient?

6 - What material is more resilient?

7 - What is the ductility (A) of the tested material?

Two test samples were tested: one made of brass and one made of titanium. Both
they had an initial cross-sectional diameter of 10.2 mm. After the test,
a diameter of the cross section equal to 3.3 mm and 7.6 mm was obtained for
the test specimens made of brass and titanium, respectively.

Which material has the greatest ductility ()?

Acceptance criteria for welded test specimens tested by
traction

The proof body fractured at the weld seam:

(a) The limit of resistance of the test specimen must not be less than the limit of
base metal resistance;

If they are solders of different base metals, the resistance limit of

The proof body soldier must not be less than the resistance limit of
less resistant base metal;

The test body fractured at the weld seam:

(c) The limit of resistance of the test specimen must not be less than the limit of
resistance of the solder metal, in cases where a metal is allowed
welded with a lower resistance limit than that of the base metal;

The test body fractured at the base metal:

(d) The limit of resistance of the specimen must not be less than 95% of
base metal resistance limit.

9- Two 1040 steel plates were welded. A test specimen was removed.
from the welded joint and tested. The obtained resistance limit was 501 MPa.
Has this welding been approved or disapproved by the standard?

Data (steel 1040):

590 MPa

Note: The fracture occurred at the weld seam.

10- A 1040 steel plate was welded to a 304 stainless steel plate. A
The test specimen was removed from the welded joint and tested. The strength limit
obtained was 554 MPa.

Was this weld approved or rejected by the standard?

Data (steel 1040):

590 MPa

Data (stainless steel 304):

 = 515 MPa

Note: The fracture occurred in the weld bead.

Two 2024 aluminum alloy plates were welded. A test specimen

it was taken from the soldered joint and tested. The obtained resistance limit was
170 MPa.

Was this weld approved or disapproved by the standard?

Data (aluminum alloy 2024):

= 185 MPa

Note: The fracture occurred in the base metal.