Summary of the system

This tutorial presents the flexibility and stress analysis of a piping system
using CAESAR II. This process includes the creation and entry of the model
pipe stress, the analysis and evaluation of the results, and a redesign of the
system. The system chosen for this purpose, although small, exerts
common modeling situations, as illustrated in the following figure. How is
Indicate in the drawing, this system moves crude oil funds from the
bottom of the pump a steam separator unit, which is used in a process
Refined. The axial aspiration, top discharge pump has one of 10.
inches. The suction nozzle and an 8-in. discharge nozzle. The 8-in.
the line operates through a check valve with a 6-in. bypass,
A hanger support. Next, it is executed on a hard support before
enter the vertical container.
-----------

The limits of this system are the pump discharge nozzle and the nozzle of the
tank. Other acceptable options could have been the support point of the
pump (or base) and the base of the container. The nozzle of the pump is a
satisfactory limit because of the movement of that point (since the pump is
heating in operation) is quite safe and easy calculated from the strain
thermal between the pump nozzle and the base point. The tank nozzle is a
adequate limit due to the known thermal growth of the container and the greater
stiffness of the vessel, with respect to the 8-en . tube. An opposite approach may
be taken by the execution of the model until the end to a point of real estate, which
it is the base of the glass.

Preparation of the drawing

The following figure shows the drawing used to build the model.
Immediately evident are the node numbers. These labels are assigned where
there is a change in the geometry (a pipe diameter, wall thickness, or change
of direction), a change in the materials, the operating conditions
(temperature or pressure), or the application of boundary conditions (constraints,
point loads, displacements, and so on). numbers of nodes
additional ones should be assigned elsewhere for which it is desired
output. For this tutorial, the progression increments by 5 starting from the
node 5 in the pump nozzle. These nodes are the base through which the
Isometric pipe tension is tabulated for analysis. The pipe of
derivation also has the progression of 5 but increases by 600. In the
Review of the results of the 600 series will indicate 6-in. pipe.
Observe how the elbows are shown squared with the assigned node to the
intersection. The elbows will be defined so the output is available for the short
middle and distant points of the curve (at 0, 45, and 90 degrees). The hanger is to be
a size at the point near the first elbow (node 28).
Other information required for the model is gathered in this drawing before it
start the program. Most of the data should be available, but some
investigations may be required. Articles such as deflections of the
mouths of the pump and details of the valve data can slow down the session
as input if it is not indicated in the drawing. The following figure shows the dimensions
of this system.

CAESAR II generation entry

Before starting the entry session, which will be useful for this tutorial for
configure the numerical increment between nodes. In the previous discussion, it was indicated
that the node numbers would use an increment of 5 for this model. the value
minimum nodal default is 10, so this must be changed. From the
main menu, select Tool Settings to configure and the window
The sample is shown below. Next, select the tab
Geometry Directives. Select number 5 from the dropdown list in the
automatic increment node number element as shown in the following
Figure. Click on Exit w / Save to save this change and return to the menu
principal

Change the automatic node count increment in the

configuration of configuration

Click on the CAESAR II icon to start the program. CAESAR II will confirm the
external software blocking (ESL) connection. Next, click on File-
New and enter a new tutor file name in the dialog box
resulting. Be sure to note the data path directory that you are going to create and
save the file. You may want to use the Browse button to choose another
Directory for storing CAESAR II data files.
Log in by selecting ENTRY - Piping from the main menu. If
the work is new, CAESAR II will present the list of input units that are
it will use. Otherwise, if a job with the name tutor already exists in the
machine, the first element of the spreadsheet of pipes will appear. If this is the
case, the output of this input by clicking the X at the top right of the window or
selecting File-Exit from the menu. Return to the main menu to pick up something
take output job name. The following window will be displayed if the file is
new

Advice: The current evaluation units

If the window shows only if the file is new and did not previously exist in the
data directory.
Units field label file (bottom left of the box
dialogue of the current opinion units ) does not show the English units to
continuation, click Cancel. Select Tool Configuration to
configure, click on the Database Policies tab and select English
in the
Dropdown list Units there. If the English units are displayed, click on
OK to continue with the input. A vacuum pipe will appear element of
spreadsheet entry as shown in the following figure.
Blank input spreadsheet

All the input spreadsheets for this tutorial are provided in the
next pages. individual spreadsheets can be repeated if used more
from an auxiliary field or command. The text will appear with the spreadsheets.
where explanations are required. Use the Tab key, the arrow keys, or the mouse
to navigate through the input spreadsheet.
Additionally, use the Plot command to review the work done. To correct the
errors, go to the appropriate spreadsheet [Re Page] and change the entry.
CAESAR II automatically generates the De and nodes when a new sheet is started
of calculation. The cursor is initially positioned in the field. The Node
From / field must read 5 assuming the node increment is set to 5 in
CONFIG / CONF. If not, they can be reset by Edit-Insert. If 5 is not read,
select the node number in the blank input box and type 5 over it.
Now use Tab, Enter, or Down Arrow to move to the next entry (For the
node in this case). Enter a 10 in the field if one is not already there. All the
Remaining data entered on this screen will now be associated with the first.
element from node 5 to node 10 or these two endpoints.

Go to cell DY and enter the length of the 2-foot element by using the
introduction of 2-, the. "-"
indicate feet. Node 10 marks the intersection of the central line of 8 inches. the
main line with the 6-
by-pass. In the following section, enter the nominal size of the pipe of 8
Note that after leaving this cell, the actual outer diameter (OD)
replace the nominal. Also with the norm
wall thickness, the entered S
Next, enter the operating temperature conditions (600
° F) and the pressure (30 psi). We omit the units in our entries, as they are
replace with the real wall thickness. Enter the insulation thickness and the
corrosion tolerance following. Please note that the fractions are
allowed in these cells as well.
CAESAR II
At the top of the second column of the first spreadsheet, do
double-click the
It already has the information of the units. I completed the first column of
data shown in the figure on the left. Checkbox shifts
to activate the auxiliary data zone Shift to the right, where it
introduce the displacement information. For node 5, introduce the
Anchor displacements in Y and Z of 0.077 in. and 0.046 in., respectively.
These two numbers are calculated as the thermal growth of the nozzle.
download of the pump from the base support point. Please note that the
four other degrees of freedom must be introduced as 0 without entering zero (or
any other definition of these limits), Node 5 would have the freedom to move
in these four directions. The figure below shows the
displacements introduced correctly
Next, we enter the piping material by clicking on the list.
dropdown to the right of the material label and select number 1 Steel
low in carbon. Properties of materials Below, it is read in the form
automatic from CAESAR II
Now double-click on the materials database.
Ambient elastic module, Poisson's coefficient, and Density tube will be filled. The
The material number will also refer to collecting the coefficient of
dilation of the specified temperatures.
checkbox for allowable stress area to enable permissible stress
of auxiliary data to the
law. The first 21 materials are generic and do not have tension values.
admissible associated with them in the database.
However, the other materials on the list also fill in the tension values.
allowable stresses found in the database. The allowable stresses in cold and
hot (SC and SH) as defined in the piping code is introduced for the
type of pipe material to be analyzed. Here the permissible cold stress of
20,000 psi (do not use commas) and the allowable tensile heat of 17,300 psi are not extracted.
from the database so you must write these values. Exponential format
it can be used in these fields to simplify data entry and reduce
errors. Click on the dropdown list and select
B31.3 is not already there by default (The default code is
define in the Configuration / Configuration). The material entries of the property and the
The allowable effort is shown in the following figure.

Node 10 is the intersection of the 8-in. and 6-in. lines. This intersection is constructed
wearing a welding shirt 8x6. pipe codes recognize the
decrease in the strength of this component due to pipes
the increase in the calculated tension at this point in the system. By CAESAR II for
include this tension intensification factor in the stress calculation, the node must
It is identified as a welding shirt. First, double click on the FIS.
and checkboxes to activate the FIS and
Specify auxiliary data area. Specify node 10 as our intersection node.
and select Tee Welding from the drop-down list Type. CAESAR II with a thickness
of specified isolation,
It will be to calculate the FIS at this intersection according to the piping code.
selected (B31.3 in this case) so no further input is needed here.
CAESAR II will assume a
density for calcium silicate. For the purposes of this illustration this value is
manually enter as 11.5 lbf/ft³. The input is accepted as lbf/in³
(use the F1 function key to confirm) so the entered value is
divided by 1.728 in3 / ft3 to make this conversion. To clarify, type 11.5 /
1728 in the insulation density field and convert it in CAESAR II. Another
conversion capacity is shown with the fluid cell density. The merchandise
it is specified as 80% of the dead weight of water, in such a way that 0.8SG enters the
field and CAESAR II To define the following piece of pipe, press it will turn it into the
appropriate units. ALT-C, select the EDIT-CONTINUE option, or click
on the Continue button at the far right side of the toolbar.

Note about this new spreadsheet that Node A of the previous spreadsheet
now appears as coming from the node. Furthermore, all data values
distributed (the information that is carried from one tube to another) is
they keep on this new screen. The user only has to add the length of the
element and the new boundary conditions or changes regarding the
previous element. data is redistributed only when re-entered
the permissible voltage data changes in value
forward, even though the checkbox in spreadsheets
Later is not checked. Do not enable this box unless there is a change.
of material, code or temperature. The uniform loads and wind This second
the element extends from the intersection point to the beginning of the valve
of retention. This short term ends the welding shirt and is limited by
nodes 10 and 15, how to set them up Also proceed without enabling the box
of verification. None of the other checkboxes in the entry of carrying
forward. CAESAR II. The length of this element is 7 in. in the Y direction of
Mode 7 is introduced in the field DY. These data conclude the description of the
second element. The total spreadsheet of this second element of the
following way.

The next element (15 to 20) is the check valve with a tab. This
the CAESAR II element would include the flanged valve and the contact flanges, since
these pipe components are stiffer than the attached tube. If the length and
the weight of this "rigid" element is known, this data could be introduced
directly by entering the length in the DY field, allowing
to the rigid box and then enter the rigid weight in the auxiliary data area.
Here, in the absence of better data and for convenience, access will be granted to the database of
CAESAR II CADWorx valve / flange data to generate this inlet
automatically. This data is made available through the menu option
Valve model or clicking on the database button / valve flange
in the toolbar. This command will display the window shown at
continuation. If the following window does not appear, consult Chapter 2 of the Manual
Technical Reference CAESAR II
(Configuration and Environment).
Database selection window / valve flange
To select the type of valve and class, use the mouse to select the
option of the check valve as shown above (instead of the defect of the
door). A class 150 psi flange check valve will be introduced between the
nodes 15 and 20 when the OK button is clicked or the Enter key is pressed. CAESAR II
there will be three entries in the input spreadsheet:
The length of the element, the rigid checkbox is activated, and the weight is
introduce in the auxiliary data zone. Here, the rigid element extends
2 feet. 3.75 inches. In the + Y direction and weighs 470 pounds. When FLG End
Type
The bypass pipe joins the main line through a second
welding shirt, located on the top of the valve
retention. The pipeline run to the intersection of the line and the branch
the main central lines is 7 in. (average of the total length of the 8 in. x 6
welding shirt). The following figure shows the definition of this
element 20 - 25 and the tee welding specification at 25 is selected,
this rigid element includes the added length and weight of the flanges
coupling

The following node introduced is located at the intersection of the centerline.

vertical of the pipe and the horizontal tube central line above it. This
The construction point 'at node 30 is not actually a node in the system
pipes. Any specific additional input at 30 and all the output for node 30
it is located at the elbow point away from the weld, which connects the sections
vertical and horizontal. The dimension of 10 ft 2 in. Runs from node 25 to
node 30. Activating the checkbox specifies the elbow curve.
specification of the curve generates additional lymphatics around
this code locates the welding point nearby and the midpoint of curvature
(designated by the letter M). Node 28 appears in the auxiliary data field in the
angle 0 and the midpoint of the elbow is shown as node 29. These nodes
added will appear as exit points and can also be used for
locate the restrictions. By default, a long radius elbow (1.5 nominal size)
the pipe) will be added in the change in the direction of the pipe. The users
they can also change the curvature radius
The hanger that is to be sized at this elbow is placed at node 28 in line with the
vertical path of the pipe. To enter the hanger information of the preparation,
double-click on the suspension checkbox. The data area
suspension auxiliaries, like the one shown in the following figure, must be filled
of node 28 introduced as the Suspension Node. For this first step to
through the analysis
the default configuration will be used without suspension design data
additional. Press F1 in any of these input cells for more
Information. Here, the hook will be chosen from Table 1 - the hook catalog anvil.
In addition, a short-range spring will not be allowed at this point like the
mid-range resort, it will probably be cheaper.

The piping system continues up to the elbow at node 35. Once again, the
distance entered as input CAESAR II is the distance between the
intersections of the central pipe lines; not the physical length of the piece
pipeline run between the elbows. Here, -12 ft is in the X direction. This X run
the tube will end with the elbow at 30 due to the creation of a 90-degree turn. Do
double click on the checkbox to generate the long radius elbow curve
in 35 with the two additional nodes. There is also a support at this point.
curve away from the weld. This end of the curve is node 35 in the model
This support will not allow the security system to be specified in node 35.
that the tube moves downwards, but it cannot be prevented from moving the tube
upwards. This non-linear restriction (a retention system whose rigidity, in
place of which remains constant, is a function of the charge or of
displacement) is introduced as a type +Y. The +Y indicated that moderation
supplies a positive charge Y (upwards) to the pipe; most of the
users to interpret the + Y as an indication that the pipe is clear
move in the +Y direction. Without stiffness, it entered with this restriction, CAESAR II will fix
to a very rigid
restriction (rigid); which means that under any practical load, the tube will not
Push the headrest down. Note that up to four
restrictions indicated in this auxiliary data field. Except for the
Anchoring designation, a retention system is a vector. If there was a guide of
restriction of lateral movement of node 35, a limitation is also defined here
of the X like the
second restriction. Press F1 for more information about these parameters
of retention.

Curvature specification and moderation in element specification

from 30 to 35 in tutor

From the second elbow, the pipe extends in the Z direction for 18 ft where
It ends at the intersection with the wall of the glass. Just like with the connection of the
bomb in node 5, node 40 is a satisfactory limit for this model. The
the thermal growth of the container at this point is calculated and introduced as
displacements of node 40.
Displacement of boundary conditions that simulate a vessel of
thermal growth at node 40 in tutor.

Now, the model goes back to the 6-in. by-pass around the 8-inch pipe.
check valve above the pump. The welding shirt the nodes
from 10 to 25 will be completely defined as the t-shirt reduction when
these 6-in. pipe elements are modeled. The following figure shows the
changes required to start the 6-in. line, as explained here.
The input processor automatically changes the previous one to the node of the
current from the node. Since the model is not as it continues from the node
40, the node From here it needs to be changed to 10 and Node A is set to 605
as the series 600 of node numbers will indicate 6-in. tube. The length X of -2 feet
It is measured from the 8 entry. From the center to the centerline of the vertical 6-in. line.
The diameter is introduced as 6 and WT / Sch is introduced as an S. The elbow is
Specify in node 605 by double-clicking the Bend checkbox.
Please note that CAESAR II automatically generates a long radius elbow.
for this 6-in. line. This elbow is threaded on one end. This acts as a
bride
ring stiffening, which reduces the flexural flexibility of the elbow. This
the characteristic of elbows with flanges is addressed by piping codes at
through a modification of the flexibility factor and the stress intensification for
the elbow. To include this effect, select Flange from the dropdown list Type of
data in the area of the auxiliary curve. A simple bypass pipe,
inclusion of flange stiffening is probably insignificant and can be
ignore.

The bypass entries in tutor

The 6-in. pipe continues to node 610, which marks the start of the valve.
gate. The distance between the horizontal center line (Nodes 30 to 605) and the
The bottom of the valve is at 9. And in the direction. This 9-in. specification
Put node 610 at the other end of the curve defined on the previous screen. The
Entry points of 605 nodes and 610 are coincident, which would produce a
zero-length element. CAESAR II inserts a length of this element 605-
610 equals 5% of the radius of curvature. In this case, the value is 0.45.
default value 5%, which can be changed in the CAESAR II configuration,
avoid the generation of a zero-length element.

The next item is the 6-in. class 150 psi gate valve with flange
running 610-615.
Use the valve/flange database (with the control valve) for this.
rigid element. Select the flange gate valve with 150 psi (for
defect) and click on Accept. CAESAR II to return from the database with
execution and rigid, 17.625 inches long, a weight of 225 pounds. Just like with the
8 -in. Check valve, the dead weight and the length of the attached flanges must
to be included in this analysis. (Use the NOFLG Fin 150 type with valve flanges)
of the selected gate from the CADWorx database valve / flange if your No
we want these included.)

Resulting definition CAESAR II Element for #150 with flanges Valve

of the gate

The element from 615 to 620 is the required length to carry the pipe level.
with the intersection at node 25.
This distance is easy to find by selecting the Distance command from the
toolbar or from the menu with the EDIT key -
DISTANCE. The distance in this case between 615 and 25 is 15 in.
the distance is input as in the DY
spreadsheet for 615 to 620. A curve must also be specified here from the
the next element will connect the current
element at the intersection in node 25.

The Y value of the distance between nodes 615 and 25 gives us the dimension for the
element 615-620.
For the element that executes 620-25, we know from the previous Distance command.
which is 2 feet in the x direction. But let's imagine for a moment that it is not
we had this information. In this case we can use the First command of
EDIT menu - closed loop and CAESAR II will calculate this dimension and enter it in the
appropriate DX, DY, and DZ fields. First create the spreadsheet and write
25 for node a. Next, perform the closed loop control. DX will now have
a value of 2 feet.
 The closure
From the loop on element 620 to 25, fill in the distances for DX, DY, and DZ.
Entry review
fields.
Two options are available on any input screen for review
the data: Land and list. While the input can be invoiced by the
pages of each login screen, these commands are useful to confirm and/or
editing of the entire model. The use of these commands will be demonstrated in this
section. By default, a graphic of the model is displayed to the right of the
pipeline input spreadsheet. The layout area can be increased if the
the pipe entry panel is closed. To close the pipe entry, do
click on the button in the upper right corner of the spreadsheet. Show
the classic input spreadsheet for pipes and the side-by-side model, click
in the classic pipe entry card that appears in the upper left corner
from the spreadsheet and then click the button twice. The plot
volume of the current piping system is shown; Available buttons and
menu commands can be used to perform various functions. To show
press the number of nodes the letter N on the keyboard or click the button in the
toolbar.
The following figure shows the tutor model with the numbers of the nodes that
show
Some notes about the commands may be useful here; Use the keys of
arrow key to rotate the plot. Users can also use the arrow keys
or the mouse to move the plot after clicking the Pan button.
Moving the mouse will enlarge the model and pressing the middle button of the mouse will
will frame the plot. By clicking the right mouse button on the screen and click
OPERATORS -PAN in the pop-up menu provides an alternative method of
panoramic shot of the plot. The model
then follow the mouse cursor on the screen. The plus sign ( + ) zooms in and the sign
minus ( - ) zooms
outside. There are toolbar buttons and menu items to modify
the panoramic view and to visualize the element and moderation
information about the plot. Users are encouraged to use those elements
different to familiarize themselves with them. To restore the plot to value
default or use the VIEW / RESET button. To print a copy of the
screen Choose File-Print
Note: Because the graphics are included in the input processor, it must be
click on the graphic to adjust the focus before
to the printing.
The V key alternates different points of view. The volume plot is shown at
the continuation is especially useful for larger models as it is used
less of the computer's resources

Graphic volume that shows the spring of suspension and support

Locations in tutor

The following illustration shows a view towards the Z axis with zoom and pan for
show the pipe valves. this graphic volume shows the nodes and identifies
the tees.
See volume graph along the Z axis presentation of nodes, the
t-shirts, and movements in tutor

The EDIT or LIST button is used to review and edit different categories of
data at work quickly.
By clicking on the row number to the left of a line of data, it will highlight the
whole file. Holding down the Shift key while clicking on a second
data row will highlight all rows between these two. The different types
Data sets are available by selecting the corresponding tab.
at the bottom of the spreadsheet. Use the scroll bar to
length of
bottom of the list to see more items such as the
temperatures and pressures. The list of elements shows how by default it
shown in the following figure.
The data element in the list editor

End of login session

If the login session is interrupted before collecting all the data, save the
input model before leaving the processor input. To save the input
to save, use the File-Save option from any input spreadsheet.
element. CAESAR II to interrupt the input session and request confirmation of this
30 minutes update after the last save. The input data.
they can also be saved
through the input-output processor, accessed via the FILE output
After exiting and saving the entry or executing the command. The input processor
You can re-enter later to continue the model creation.
Spelling error CAESAR II first save the binary data to
this model under the filename fileTutor._a. (All input files
they are composed of the job name with the suffix added '_a'.) CAESAR II
then check the work of the errors and list a series of
observations and warnings. This should generate two notes during the tutorial
error checking. Both the error checking alerts indicate to the
User to consider the hanger in the model. The program must size a
percha and certain analyses are necessary to carry out this sizing
All errors, warnings, and notes are presented to users in
a grid format. The analysis can proceed with the notes and warnings,
but fatal errors must be corrected before continuing. If none are found
fatal errors, CAESAR II generate the intermediate (scratch) files for the analysis
static. With the temporary files created, the input process is
complete control and it returns to the CAESAR II pipe entry.

Performing static analysis

After checking the model error, review the load cases. From the
highlight editing menu Edit static Load cases or click to
enter the Load Case Editor. CAESAR II will start with a set
standard load case based on the selected pipe code and the
loads are defined at the entrance. For the tutor work and the size of the perch before
of the norm
Structural and stress analyses were carried out. This hanging algorithm of
Size requires two analyses before The three standard cases are analyzed. The five
Recommended load cases are shown below. In the menu that appears
In the following figure, select the option that recommends load cases.
Load case Editor with two cases of standard design suspension and the three
load cases for tutor
CAESAR II creates load sets to analyze operating conditions
of the piping system and the installation conditions of the piping system. The
operating condition for this analysis consists of the dead weight of the
pipe, its content and insulation, the design temperature and pressure, and the
pre-load on the hook has just selected-in node 28. The assembly status
include the deadlift and a preloaded barbell. In addition to these analyses
structural, certain stress conditions must be addressed. For the code of
pipe used here, the sustained and expansion stresses must be
calculated. Stresses suffered include dead weight, pre-load, and pressure. stresses
suffered can be taken from
analysis of the installed condition, if pressure loads are included. CAESAR II
will include the term pressure in the case since the installed pressure, in most of
the cases do not have an impact on the structural loads in the pipe. With the analysis
installed structural case that also serves as the sustained stress analysis,
no additional load cases should be added to calculate the stresses
sustained. expansion tensions reflect the change in the position of your system
from installed position to its operating position. Due to the non-linearity of the
this change of position cannot be determined through analysis of
thermal loads only. By default, CAESAR II will construct a third load case
to calculate the expansion pressure (range). In this case, it is strictly
Speaking, a third analysis, complete of the system, but
instead of a product of the installed structural operation and analysis
carried out. The difference in the displacement system between these two cases is
the range of stress displacements from which the expansion stresses are calculated.
The third class of stress in pipes - occasional stresses (as opposed to
expansion and sustained) - is not included in the recommended analyses and must be
specified by the user. Likewise, cases of stress are just fatigue
in the case specifically required by the active piping code (TD / 12, for
example).
For most systems, the recommended load cases are exactly what
that the user wants to analyze. Case #1 calculates the dead weight carried by the spring.
proposed in node 28. Case # 2 also calculates a single number, vertically the
proposed dock trips. All categories of cargo that make up the case
operating load are used for this analysis. These are dead weight,
displacements, thermal set 1, and the definition of pressure 1. With these two
numbers - the load supported by the support and the number of trips it must make
to accommodate CAESAR II
CAESAR II Case # 3 is the case of the suspension of loading operations. It is
identical to Case # 2 but it includes the pre-load size hanger in the
category (H). This analysis will produce the forces and moments that operate in the
supports, and the deviations of all points in the system. Case # 3 is a
case of structural analysis and not a case of stress analysis B31.3. The code of
Refinement of pipes does not recognize stresses in pipes in the state of
operates as a system failure test and does not impose a limit on
this state of stress. Case # 4 is both a structural case and the stress. To
remove the
(assumed) as thermal effects (D1 + T1), the analysis is the cooling system. With the
inclusion of the pressure (P1), this case also has the necessary components
to be used to report sustained system tensions. Case # 5 (L3-
L4) is an algebraic combination of two basic load cases. The
displacements of case # 4 are subtracted from the displacements of case # 3 for
produce these results. This case develops the range of displacement of
system in its growth from the mounting position to the position of
operation. This range of displacement is used for the calculation of the
expansion tensions of the system. To proceed with the analysis, click on
File - Analyze or click the button. The program continues with the data.
through the construction of processing, classification, and storage of the
data of the equation (matrix) for system load cases and basics.
This process can be terminated at any time by clicking on
Cancel. When this is done, the CAESAR II solution is introduced module.

CAESAR II will analyze the four basic loads (suspension design, operational, and
installed) before leaving this screen. At this point, the solution screen is
replace with messages related to the post-processing of this data. The
displacement results of cases 3 and 4 are used with the matrices
stiffness element for the calculation of forces, moments, and stresses in
the entire system. The difference between these two sets of displacements is
use to establish the pipe system's displacement range as
define in case of load # 5. This new set of displacements is
In the same way used to calculate forces, moments, and stresses. To the
Finalization of this step, all the results are loaded into the data file.
binariosTutor._p and the CAESAR II output processor window is shown of
so that the output of this work can be reviewed. The file '._p' can only
be examined through the output processor. The analysis does not need to be redone.
execute to review the results at a later time, instead, the option
static output from the main menu can be used to open the output
from the file TUTOR._P.calculated. The third class of stress in the pipes -
occasional tensions (as opposed to the expansion and sustained) - is
not included in the recommended analyses and must be specified by the user.
Similarly, cases of stress are fatigue.
only in the case specifically required by the active piping code (TD / 12,
for example ) .

For most systems, the recommended load cases are exactly what
that the user wants to analyze. Case #1 calculates the dead weight carried by the spring
proposed in node 28. Case # 2 also calculates a single number, vertically the
proposed dock trips. All categories of cargo that make up the case
for operating load, they are used for this
analysis. These are dead weight, displacements, thermal set 1, and the
definition of pressure 1. With these two numbers – the load supported by the support and
the number of trips that CAESAR II must accommodate
Case # 3 is the case of the suspension of cargo operations. It is identical to Case #
but it has the pre-load size hanger included in category (H). This
analysis will produce the forces and moments that operate on the supports, and in the
deviations of all points in the system. Case # 3 is an analysis case
structural and not a tension analysis case B31.3. The refining code
pipelines do not recognize stresses in pipes in the operating state as
a system failure test and
does not set a limit for this state of stress. Case # 4 is both a case
structural and the stress. By eliminating the (assumed) thermal effects (D1 + T1), the
analysis is the refrigeration system. With the inclusion of pressure (P1), this case also
it has the necessary components to be used to report tensions
sustained by the system. Case # 5 (L3-L4) is an algebraic combination of two
basic load cases. The displacements from case # 4 are subtracted from the
case displacements # 3 to produce these results. This case develops
the range of displacement of the system in its growth from the position of
assembly to the operating position. This range of movement is used
for the calculation of the expansion stresses of the system. To proceed with the
analysis, click on File - Analyze or click on the button. The program
continue with the data through processing, classification and
storage of the data of the equation (matrix) for load cases
system and basics.
This process can be terminated at any time by clicking on
Cancel. When this is done, the CAESAR II solution is introduced module.
CAESAR II will analyze the four basic loads (suspension design, operational, and
installed) before leaving this screen.
At this point, the solution screen is replaced with messages related to the
post-processing of this data. The displacement results of the cases
3 and 4 are used with the stiffness element matrices for the calculation of forces.
moments, and the tensions throughout the system. The difference between these two
displacement sets are used to establish the range of displacement
of the piping system as defined in load case # 5. This new set
displacement is Similarly used to calculate forces,
moments and tensions. At the end of this step, all the results are
loaded in the binary data file Tutor._p and the output processor window
CAESAR II is shown in such a way that the output of this work can be
revised. The file '._p' can only be examined through the processor of
output. The analysis does not need to be re-run to review the results in a
later moment, no change, the exit option-STATIC from the main menu
it can be
used to open the output of the TUTOR._P file.

Review of the static results

Yasea that enters the output processor directly from static analysis or to
through the main menu, the Outlet windows.
Static output processor Generally, the first glance at the output is to verify
that the pipe model is responding as expected. Verification of
the deflections and retention loads in the operation and the installed must
quickly discover any serious issues in the
system or input arrangement. If there are unusual results, the input must
to be reexamined by the correction. If the output verifies the model, the results
they can be used to collect tension from the pipeline, support and equipment of
loads, and any other useful data found in the output. This
information is useful for documenting a good pipe design or solving
problems of an inadequate one
A good view of the operational displacements of this system of
Pipes are available by selecting the (OPE) load case to
continue, click the button. The image is shown in the next image
it will appear on the screen.

Just like in other CAESAR II windows, both in the buttons of the toolbar
Tools and menu items can be used to select options.
of visualization.
In the menu, select shape - OFFSET - deviated. The graph will show the
central plot along with a normalized deviated form of the system in the condition
of operation. This screen is shown in the following figure.
When I finish watching the traced output for the operating case, change the
case held in the dropdown list on the left of the second bar of
tools. Select SHOW- STRESS - over-stress and take into account that not
There is excessive stress, there are points in the system. Reset the plot and
select Show - STRESS -symbol- code to display the code defined by the
tensions
throughout the system. The stress symbols will appear on the screen and locate
the highest stress points in the system. Now select SHOW - STRESS -
MAX to the list of voltage values in the plot; use the Enter key to
list the underline one by one starting with the highest. The node number is
show in parentheses after the stress value that is displayed on the screen and is
Highlight the element that contains this node. Here, the highest (first) sustained.
stress that appears is at node 40 (nozzle to the connection of the vessel) with a
value of 160.859 psi.

For a quick review of the tensions, as well as the displacements and the
moderation load the Element Viewer can be activated by clicking the button
in the toolbar. This information is shown in the following figure.
Return to the menu processor output by clicking Exit or FILE -
EXIT.
For a quick glance at the selected suspension data, select the
suspension of the text table in the general computerized Results of the
column in the main output processor. The program reports on the anvil of the
Figure B-268 Size 10 spring selected at node 28. This selection is
based on the values found in the first two analyses (both provide
without load
case reports in the output processor) - the expected heat load for the
proposed support at node 28 and the thermal growth of node 28 (1,220 lb. and
0.750 in., respectively). Go back to the exit menu and select only the case of
loading operations and displacements and Restriction Summary. The system of
retention is charged at nodes 5 and the 60 will be compared to the limits of
pump load and the tanks. Return to the exit menu and now select the
case installed (in turn
from 3 and turn on 4) to check the mounting status of the piping system.
(Both the operational and installed cases could be reviewed together for having both 3
and 4 of relief at the same time.) Now highlight the sustained and expansion cases
(4 and 5) and tensions. Each stress report will begin with a summary indicating that
The code tensions are below their allowable tension. In the table that
the summary continues, the tensions will be shown for each node in the system.
These nodes will be listed in pairs with their associated element. Please note the
the last column indicates the relationship between the actual tension and the permissible tension in
terms of percentage.

These results can be sent to the printer or to a file instead of being sent to
the screen. Before creating the report, a headline for the printed copy can be
generate through lines OPTIONS-title in the output menu TUTORIAL CAESAR
II. Enter the following
two lines for the report header:
LOWER pump for STEAM STRIPPER To send the output to the printer,
select File-Print or click on Print. It is recommended to use the
exit assistant to
create a report book in a specific order and then send it to a device
out. Click the [More information >>] button in the bottom right corner
from the static output processor to access the assistant. Start the report with the
stick to the table by selecting and clicking on [Add]. For the next selection
deactivate the suspension request (click on it while holding down
hold down the control key) and select the cases of exploitation and loading
sustained and displacements and The summary retention reports, to
continue, click on [Add]
Lastly, add the reports of sustained expansion stress and just have those.
load cases 4, 5, and
again. Highlight highlights; again clicking on [Add] to address this
request. This completes a typical output report after reviewing the reports
Order. Select the output device and then click on Generate.
Table of contents, if necessary. Click on [Finish] Please note that a
input echo is available through the output processor. An input
Complete list can start the printed report or output file created by this
Processor. The output report segments are included at the end of this.
section.
To electronically archive the static analysis, the report can be sent to
a data file instead of to the printer. Use the previous instructions
replacing the Save button with the print button or using the option of
appropriate output on the assistant's screen. The first time you click on
Save will prompt you for a file name. The resulting data file,
[Link] can be copied with the input and output files of CAESAR II.
Tutor._a and Tutor._p to a CD. These files along with the configuration file,
[Link], and the timeline file, [Link] present a record
complete the analysis and it must be stored with the drawing and the announcements.

Static analysis of exit sales

The following is a CAESAR II tutorial output report:

perch Report
Note
The output shown in the example only includes significant production.
Notes that discuss the results are included with each report.
The reports included in this output are the full suspension report,
operational box Displacement Report, Installed (sustained) Report
Displacement of the case, of operation and of the installed fastening Summary,
chronic stress
Summary and Stress Report, and the expansion Summary The stress and the Report of
stress. (It is highlighted that in the operational condition they are not used in the B31.3 analyses)

The hot load of 1222 lbf was calculated in the initial weight period (load of
cases # 1) with a retention Y rigid system installed at node 28. The load on
the security system was 1.222 lbf.
A 1222 lbf. + And the load replaces the rigid constraint And at 28 and then it was analyzed
a case of operation (load case #2). Node 28 moved 0.750 in.
address + And in this analysis.

CAESAR II entered the anvil suspension table with these two values and
select an appropriate mid-range spring. Spring 10 has the size of the
hot load of 1222 lbf. in its working area. This medium-range spring
(short-range docks were excluded) has a damping level of
260 lbf./in. Assuming that node 28 moves by 0.750. Between the cold and the heat.
position that this increases the load of the spring by ( 0.750 ) ( 260 ) or 195 lbf.
cold load in spring size 10 is 1222 + 195 or 1.417 lbf. This cold load
it is also within the operating range of the size 10 spring,
CAESAR II method is selected.
Note: The deviations of nodes 5 and 40 will be input.
Note: Node 28 moves again to 0.750 in the Y direction with the spring.
installed.
Sustained displacements
Note: Observe the zero position of nodes 5 and 40. When the displacements
taxes are not included in the analysis, the node is set with zero movement in
each of the defined addresses.
Restriction Summary of Operating and Sustained Cases

This report lists the pipe support forces and moments on the
restriction; not the retention loads in the pipe. The loads at node 5 are the
nozzle loads and can be used without sign change to check the API
610 permissible loads. The loads for node 40 can be used for
check the vessel stresses due to nozzle loads.
The loads at 28 show the operating load and the load of the installation
real (with its content) for the selected spring. Note how the spring
it carries the designed load of 1222 pounds in the operating condition.
retention system + And in node 35 it shows that it is the nonlinear nature. In
the cold condition, the security system is active. As the pipe is
move to the hot position, detach from the support. Refer to the
displacement reports to
confirm that the Y displacement is 0.0 in the installed (held) condition and +
And in the operating condition.
Sustained Stress Case Report - Information Summary

The summary shows that sustained efforts throughout the system are underway.
below their allowed values. sustained stress closer to their limit
permissible is in the ship node, 40.
For the previous detailed report on the tension in account the application of the
T-shirt and factors of bending stress intensification. The T-shirt at 25.
It has SIFs different from 1.00 for the three listings: 25 to 28, 20 to 25, and 25 to 620.
FIS curves are only applied in the curved part of the node compare node 28 in 25-
28 and 28-29. There are no tensions, the rigid elements are listed as not.
provides no valid moment of inertia for these elements.

Stress Expansion Case Summary

The summary shows that expansion efforts throughout the system are about to
below its allowed values. the stress of expansion closer to its limit
Permissible occurs along the header at output node 10.
For the stress detail of the previous report: Comparison of the curved part of 30
with the straight side of 30; the SIF doubles the calculated tension. Also keep in mind
count the allowable voltage change. This is the result of the application of a
admissible effort, which takes the credit for the stress 'unused' in the case
sustained.

conclusions

The review of the pipe tensions shows that the pipe has a thickness of
proper wall and support to maintain within the sustained permissible effort,
in addition to the flexibility sufficient to remain below the limit of
permissible expansion tension. A quick review of the displacements of
the system reveals no issues of pipe expansion interference.
Equipment loads still need to be evaluated to verify a safe and effective design.
The loads of the pump at node 5 can be compared with the API
(American Petroleum Institute) Standard 610 (Seventh edition of February 1989) -
Centrifugal pumps for general refinery service. The nozzle loads,
they can also be compared to the allowed
maximum limits. The nozzle loads can also be compared with the
allowed
maximum limits. Nozzle loads can result in local stresses
using welding Research Advisory Bulletins 107 or 297 - The stresses
locales in the cylindrical tanks Due to external loads on Nozzles 107
(CMR) or Supplement that (CMR 297). These country tensions, then, are
they can be compared with established permissible voltage values in
ASME Section VIII Division 2 Appendix 4 - Mandatory design based on analysis of
tension". Since the loads under these boundary conditions are related to
the layout of the piping system, the piping system cannot be approved
correctly until these load limits are also verified. These
Verifications will be carried out in the following chapter.