NATIONAL TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF MEXICO

COSTA CHICA CAMPUS

INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES

DEVELOPMENT OF APPLICATIONS FOR MOBILE DEVICES

UNIT II

2.2 ARCHITECTURES OF ANDROID AND IOS

TEACHER:
Moisés Carmona Domínguez

STUDENT:
CITLALI GUADALUPE JACINTO BELTRÁN

September 24, 2021

INDEX

ANDROID SYSTEM.............................................................................................. 3
ARCHITECTURE ............................................................................................... 4
IO SYSTEMS ................................................................................................ 7
ARCHITECTURE ............................................................................................... 8
CONCLUSIONN ..................................................................................................... 11
BIBLIOGRAPHYA .................................................................. 12
ANDROID SYSTEM

Android
It is an operating system initially designed for
mobile devices based on the Linux kernel and others
open source software, was designed for devices
touchscreen mobile phones, such as smartphones,
tablets, smartwatches (Wear OS) and cars with
other systems through Android Auto. It was initially
developed by Android Inc., which was acquired by Google in 2005

The announcement of the Android system was made on November 5, 2007 along with the
creation of the Open Handset Alliance, a consortium of 78 hardware companies,
software and telecommunications dedicated to the development of open standards for
mobile devices. Google released most of the Android code under the license
Apache, a free and open-source license. In the last quarter of 2010, it
it placed as the best-selling mobile operating system in the world.

In February 2011, the version 3.0 of Android was announced, named after
Honeycomb key, which is optimized for tablets instead of mobile phones.
Therefore, Android has transcended mobile phones to transcend to
larger devices.
Android has seen numerous updates since its initial release. These
Base operating system updates typically fix bugs and add
new features. Generally, each update of the Android operating system
is developed under a codename related to sweets
in alphabetical order.
The repeated emergence of new versions that, in many cases, do not reach
function correctly on the hardware designed for previous versions, they make
that Android is considered one of the promoting elements of obsolescence
scheduled.

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ARCHITECTURE

➢ Applications: This level includes both those included by default in Android

like those that the user will add later, whether they are of
third-party companies or their own development. All these applications use
the services, APIs, and libraries of the previous levels.

➢ Libraries: The following layer corresponds to

the libraries used by Android. These have
were written using C/C++ and provide to
Android has most of its capabilities more
features. Along with the Linux-based kernel,
these libraries constitute the heart of Android.

Among the most important libraries located here, one can find the
next:

• Library libc:
Include all headers and functions according to the C language standard.
All other libraries are defined in this language.

• Surface Manager Library:

She is in charge of composing the different navigation elements of
screen. It also manages the windows belonging to different
active applications at any moment.

• OpenGL/SL and SGL:

They represent the graphic libraries and, therefore, support the graphical capability.
from Android. OpenGL/SL handles 3D graphics and allows for use, in case of
that is available on the mobile device itself, the hardware responsible for
provide 3D graphics. On the other hand, SGL provides 2D graphics.
what will be the library most commonly used by most of the
applications. An important feature of graphic capability
Android is that it is possible to develop applications that combine graphics in
3D and 2D.

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 • Media Libraries Library:
Provide all the necessary codecs for multimedia content
supported on Android (video, audio, static and animated images, etc.)

• FreeType:
It allows you to work quickly and easily with different types of fonts.

• SSL Library:
Enables the use of said protocol to establish communications
secure.

• SQLite Library:
Creation and management of relational databases.

• WebKit Library:
Provides an engine for browser-type applications and shapes the
core of the current browser included by default in the Android platform.

➢ Linux Kernel: Android uses the Linux kernel 2.6 as a layer of

abstraction for the hardware available in mobile devices. This layer
contains the necessary drivers for any hardware component
it can be used through the corresponding calls. As long as a
when a manufacturer includes a new hardware element, the first thing that should be
to make it usable from Android is to create the libraries of
control the necessary drivers within this embedded Linux kernel in the
own Android.

➢ Application Framework: Fundamentally represents the set of

development tools for any application. Any application that
develop for Android, whether those inherent to the device or those that are developed
by Google or third parties, or even those created by the user himself,
they use the same set of APIs and the same 'framework', represented by
this level.

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 Among the most important APIs located here, you can find the
following:

• Activity Manager: Set of APIs that manages the lifecycle of the

applications on Android.

• Window Manager: Manages the windows of the applications and uses the
Surface Manager library.

• Telephone Manager: Includes all APIs linked to the functionalities

typical of the phone (calls, messages, etc.).

• Content Provider: Allows any application to share its data with

the other Android applications. For example, thanks to this API the
contact information, agenda, messages, etc. will be accessible to others
applications.

• View System: Provides a large number of elements to be able to

build user interfaces (GUI), such as lists, tiles, buttons,
"check-boxes", window size, control of interfaces by
keyboard, etc. It also includes some standard views for the
most frequent functionalities.

• Location Manager: Enables applications to obtain information

of localization and positioning.

• Notification Manager: Through which applications, using the same

format, communicate to the user events that occur during their execution:
an incoming call, a message received, Wi-Fi connection available
location at a specific point, etc. If they are associated with any action,
on Android called Intent, (for example, answering an incoming call)
this is activated with a simple click.

• XMPP Service: Collection of APIs to use this exchange protocol

of messages based on XML.

➢ Android runtime: On the same level as Android libraries

the execution environment is situated. This consists of the Core Libraries, which are
libraries with a multitude of Java classes and the Dalvik virtual machine.

Android is considered one of the most successful business models,

Well, its strategic development takes into account the factors that are most prevalent in
count among the tools and methodologies developed by experts in
businesses.

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IOS SYSTEM

IOS
It is Apple's operating system for mobile devices,
it was originally developed for the iPhone device and has been
reused later for other devices of the company
such as iPod or iPad. iOS does not allow working with Adobe.
Flash in Java, which makes parallel development less compatible.
iOS and Android applications, since the code could not be reused,
instead, it does allow the use of HTML5.
Apple revealed the existence of iPhone OS at the Macworld Conference & Expo on 9
January 2007, although the system did not have an official name until it was released
first beta version of the iPhone SDK a year later, on March 6, 2008.
Before this, it was simply considered that the iPhone ran OS X or a
modified version of NewtonOS, from that moment it would be called iPhone OS.
The launch of the iPhone OS took place on June 29, 2010.
and it is not until the launch of the iPad - which also uses it
as an operating system - which is simply called iOS.

The latest version of the operating system is iOS 15 (released in September 2021)
what replaces iOS 14 with the main goal of improving the user experience,
integrating relevant changes, including the new Dark Mode or the possibility
to use external storage with the Files app of the system. Also with this
launch there is a dispute between Apple and Facebook over the added permission for
that users decide whether they want to allow the apps to collect data or not.

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ARCHITECTURE

➢ Cocoa Touch
The Cocoa Touch layer or Cocoa touch layer is the interface of the devices.
for the user. This layer is an exclusive interface with a unique design that
is constituted with proven applications that share many patterns that
They are found on the Mac PC, but they were rebuilt with a special focus.
in touch and optimization-based interfaces. Most of these
applications are based on Objective C.

➢ Media Cover:
Also known as the 'communication media' layer. It is an interface.
based on a mix of C and Objective-C language that allows for execution of
tasks or management of multimedia files.

This layer contains graphics, audio, and video technologies aimed at creating the
best multimedia experience available on a mobile device. The technologies
they are designed to make applications look and sound great.

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The characteristics of technologies are:
• Media player: provides easy access to the user's iTunes library
and support for playing tracks and playlists.

• The AV framework: provides a set of easy-to-use interface for

Objective-C for handling and reproducing audiovisual content.

• OpenAI: provides an easy-to-use set of Objective interface

C for audio playback and recording management.

• Core Audio: it offers two simple and sophisticated interfaces for playback
and recording audio content, they are used to play alert sounds
of the system, causes the ability to make the device vibrate and the
management of temporary storage and multichannel playback
locales and audio streaming content.

• The AV framework: provides a set of Objective-C interfaces

for the management of capturing and reproducing movies.

• Core Media: provides low-level interfaces for manipulation of

the media.

➢ Core Services
The Core Services layer contains the fundamental services of the system for
the applications. The key between these services is the foundation and the Foundation
basic macros that define the basic types that all applications use.
This layer also contains individual technologies to support features
such as location, iCloud, social media, and creation of
networks.

Examples:
Peer-to-Peer Services iCloud Storage
Blocking objects Data protection
Shared files. Grand Central Dispatch
SQLite XML Support

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➢ Core OS:
The Core OS layer includes the low-level features that most other
technologies are based on. Even if you do not use these technologies
directly in their applications, most likely being used by others
Marcos. And in situations where it is explicitly needed to face.
with security or communication with an external hardware accessory, it
done using the framework of this layer.

Some of its aspects are found:

Accelerate Framework

2. Core Bluetooth Framework

3. External Accessory Framework

4. Generic Security Services Framework

5. Local Authentication Framework

6. Security Framework

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CONCLUSION

The systems represented above are very different in all their bases.
characteristics and structure, as well as in their design models, each with its
respective differences.
Here are the architectures of these two systems, each of them
work day by day to become number one in the telephone system
mobile, increasingly enhancing its advancements so that in this way they can
to be recognized worldwide.
With the presentation of this article, it is hoped to support the reader, thereby expanding
a little more about their knowledge, or clarify existing doubts regarding the topic
exposed.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

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Architecture of Android
The Linux Kernel. The Application Environment
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