COMMUNICATION PRINCIPLES,
PROCESSES, AND ETHICS
LESSON OBJECTIVES
1 2 3
Define communication and describe the Explain the principles, and ethics Practice Effective and competent
communication process. of Communication; communication skills;
4 5
Evaluate communication skills; and Reflect on a learning experience.
LESSON CONTENT
01 04
COMMUNICATION COMMUNICATION IN
DEFINITION & THE 21ST CENTURY
CHARACTERISTICS
02 COMMUNICATION
MODELS & PROCESS
05 COMMUNICATION
ETHICS
03 COMMUNICATION
COMPETENCE 06 COMMUNICATION
PRINCIPLES
COMMUNICATION
ACTIVITY
"Since you woke up this
morning, what is one
conversation or message
you sent/received that
was most memorable —
and why?"
WHAT IS COMMUNICATION?
- is the process of acting on information.
- it is the transfer of information, thoughts or ideas to
create a shared understanding between a sender and a
receiver
COMMUNICATION - DEFINITION
ANALYSIS:
1. How did the distractions affect your focus?
2. What strategies helped you stay on track?
3. How can communicators reduce the impact of “noise”
in real-life conversations?
ANALYSIS:
1. How did your actions create “noise” in the
communication process?
2. Did you notice the speaker or classmates adapting
their communication style because of your actions?
3. What did you learn about barriers to effective
communication from this role?
• What is the one thing you like about
communicating with other people?
• How important is communication to
your personal and professional
success?
LET'S SHARE!
WHY DO WE NEED TO STUDY
COMMUNICATION?
• To improve your employability
• To improve your relationships
• To improve your health
COMMUNICATION
01 DEFINITION &
CHARACTERISTICS
WHAT IS COMMUNICATION?
- is the process of acting on information.
- it is the transfer of information, thoughts or ideas to
create a shared understanding between a sender and a
receiver
COMMUNICATION - DEFINITION
Human communication is the
process of making sense out of
the world and sharing that
sense with others while creating
meaning through the use of
verbal and nonverbal messages.
COMMUNICATION - DEFINITION
• Communication is about sharing sense.
• Communication is about creating meaning.
• Communication is about verbal
and nonverbal messages.
COMMUNICATION - DEFINITION
CHARACTERISTICS OF
COMMUNICATION
1. Communication is inescapable
We communicate all the time, whether we mean
to or not. Even silence, gestures, or facial
expressions send a message.
COMMUNICATION - CHARACTERISTICS
2. Communication is irreversible
Once a message is sent, it cannot be “unsent.” Even if
you try to correct yourself, the original message still
exists in the listener’s mind.
COMMUNICATION - CHARACTERISTICS
3. Communication is complicated
People may interpret messages differently depending
on their background, feelings, and experiences.
COMMUNICATION - CHARACTERISTICS
3. Communication emphasizes content and
relationships
Every message delivers content (the actual information)
and relationship meaning (how you feel about the
other person).
COMMUNICATION - CHARACTERISTICS
5. Communication is governed by rules
Our communication follows cultural, social, and
personal rules—often unspoken—that guide what is
acceptable.
COMMUNICATION - CHARACTERISTICS
MODELS, PROCESS
02 AND BARRIERS OF
COMMUNICATION
COMMUNICATION PROCESS
The communication process involves elements such
as source, message, encoding, channel, decoding,
receiver, feedback, context, and barrier.
COMMUNICATION
MODELS
MODEL OF COMMUNICATION AS ACTION
Communication as a linear/output process.
MODEL OF COMMUNICATION AS INTERACTION
Interaction models of communication include feedback as a response to a message sent
by a communication source and place the process in a context.
MODEL OF COMMUNICATION AS TRANSACTION
The source and receiver of a message experience communication simultaneously.
BARRIERS
TO COMMUNICATION
BARRIERS TO
COMMUNICATION
1. PHYSICAL BARRIERS
Physical barriers are environmental or structural
obstacles that hinder the transmission of messages.
BARRIERS TO
COMMUNICATION
2. PERCEPTUAL BARRIERS
Perceptual barriers arise when individuals interpret
information through the lens of their own biases,
experiences, and expectations.
BARRIERS TO
COMMUNICATION
3. EMOTIONAL BARRIERS
This occur when psychological states
interfere with one’s ability to process
or express information effectively.
BARRIERS TO
COMMUNICATION
4. CULTURAL BARRIERS
These are differences in language, values, beliefs,
and social customs that affect how messages are
sent and received.
BARRIERS TO
COMMUNICATION
5. LANGUAGE BARRIERS
Language barriers occur when
communicators lack a shared
language or use unfamiliar
terminology.
BARRIERS TO
COMMUNICATION
6. PSYCHOLOGICAL BARRIERS
Psychological barriers are internal
factors that affect a person’s
willingness or ability to communicate.
BARRIERS TO
COMMUNICATION
7. PHYSIOLOGICAL BARRIERS
Physiological barriers result from
physical conditions that limit one’s
capacity to send or receive
information effectively.
03 COMMUNICATION
COMPETENCE
COMMUNICATION COMPETENCE:
- refers to the ability to convey and interpret
messages effectively and appropriately in a given
context
COMMUNICATION COMPETENCE KEY
DIMENSIONS
1. KNOWLEDGE
- understanding the rules, norms,
and expectations of
communication in different
contexts
COMMUNICATION COMPETENCE KEY
DIMENSIONS
2. SKILLS
-the ability to apply communication
behaviors effectively, such as active
listening, clear speaking, and
appropriate use of nonverbal cues.
COMMUNICATION COMPETENCE KEY
DIMENSIONS
3. MOTIVATION
- the willingness to engage in
communication and the commitment
to improving interaction quality
COMMUNICATION
04 IN THE 21ST
CENTURY
IMMEDIATE
COMMUNICATION
Immediate communication
refers to the timely exchange
of information without
unnecessary delay.
FREQUENT
COMMUNICATION
Frequent communication is
the consistent and regular
exchange of messages
between individuals or groups.
COMMUNICATION
THAT MEETS NEEDS
This type of communication is
purposeful, relevant, and
tailored to address the specific
informational, emotional, or
practical needs of the
participants.
COMFORTABLE
COMMUNICATION
Comfortable communication
occurs when individuals feel at
ease, respected, and
understood during
interactions.
05 COMMUNICATION
ETHICS
ETHICS
- a system of moral principles
- deals with values relating to human conduct, with
respect to the rightness and wrongness of certain
actions
1. UPHOLD INTEGRITY
Communicators must maintain honesty,
truthfulness, and fairness in all exchanges.
2. RESPECT DIVERSITY
Effective communication recognizes and
values differences in culture, language,
belief systems, and personal experiences.
3. OBSERVES FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION
EFFECTIVELY
The right to communicate ideas and
opinions carries with it the responsibility to
do so with accuracy, fairness, and respect.
5. PROMOTE ACCESS TO COMMUNICATION
Communication should be accessible and
understandable to all participants.
6. BE OPEN MINDED
Ethical communicators demonstrate
willingness to consider differing viewpoints
and engage with unfamiliar perspectives.
7. DEVELOP A SENSE OF ACCOUNTABILITY
Communicators are responsible for the
content, tone, and consequences of their
messages.
06 COMMUNICATION
PRINCIPLES
AWARENESS
Awareness refers to the
communicator’s ability to recognize
the context, audience, and purpose
of the interaction.
COMMUNICATION
PRINCIPLES
ADAPTIVENESS
Adaptiveness is the capacity to
adjust one’s communication style to
suit varying audiences, situations,
and cultural contexts.
COMMUNICATION
PRINCIPLES
USE OF VERBAL
COMMUNICATION
Verbal communication involves the
careful selection of words, clarity of
expression, and logical organization
of ideas.
COMMUNICATION
PRINCIPLES
USE OF NON-
VERBAL
COMMUNICATION
Effective use of nonverbal
communication involves intentionally
managing body language, facial
expressions, gestures, posture, and
eye contact to reinforce and support
verbal messages.
COMMUNICATION
PRINCIPLES
LISTEN AND
RESPOND
Active listening is the process of fully
concentrating on, understanding,
and interpreting the speaker’s
message before responding.
COMMUNICATION
PRINCIPLES
GROUP PERFORMANCE TASK
• Watch the short video commercial assigned to your group.
• Organize a 3-5-minute discussion about the message, process, principles, ethics of
communication seen in the video.
• Share to the class.
note: refer to the rubric sent in the assignment’s tab.
DO YOU HAVE ANY
QUESTIONS?
THANK YOU
REFERENCES:
Beebe, S. et. al (2022) Communication: principles for a lifetime, Pearson
