ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL AND FORMAL SCIENCES

BRANCH - AREQUIPA
CHEMISTRY I
SOLVED AND PROPOSED EXERCISES
STUDENT GUIDE
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SOLUTION EXERCISES
1. Which of the following statements corresponds to a dative bond?
a. It forms between two metals
b. It is the union of a metal with a non-metal

c. One of the atoms provides the pair of electrons

An atom gains electrons

Atoms do not share electrons

Solution:
c. One of the atoms provides the pair of electrons

In every dative bond, the atoms share the pair of electrons and only one of the
atoms put the pair of electrons.

2. Determine which compound exclusively has covalent bonds.

a.Na2O b.Cl2 c.H2O d.Al2O3 e.KBrO4

Solution:
b.Cl2When two homonuclear non-metal atoms join, they form a bond.
pure covalent or exclusively covalent.

3. What type of intermolecular bond does the following diagram represent:

H-F- -H-F- -H-F……….

a. Ion-dipole interaction
b. Hydrogen bond
c. Dipole-Hydrogen interaction
d. Induced dipole interaction
e. Ion-ion interaction

Solution:
b. Hydrogen bond link. Without two polar molecules joining through H, it
it is called hydrogen bond.

4. Indicate the compound that only hascovalent bond.

a) KCl b) BaCO3 c) H2SO4 d) KNO2 e) BaO

Solution:

The covalent bond occurs between non-metal atoms, analyzing the

The only alternative we found for 'non-metals' is in:
 ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL AND FORMAL SCIENCES
BRANCH - AREQUIPA
CHEMISTRY I
SOLUTION AND PROPOSED EXERCISES
STUDENT GUIDE
H2SO4...Correct answer

5. What compound is formed by an ionic bond?

LiBr B) Cl2 C) NH3 D) H2O2

Solution:
Ionic bonding occurs between a metal and a non-metal. Li is a metal and Br is a non-metal.
metal.

Answer: A
6. What family does the element with the highest energy value belong to?
ionization.

A) Alkali metals Noble gases

C) Alkaline earth metals D) Halogens
Answer: B
7. Mention what type of attractive forces, or chemical bonds, must be
to break for:

a) Melt sodium chloride.

b) Melt calcium oxide.
c) Dissolve bromine in water.
d) Dissolve bromine in carbon tetrachloride.

Solution:
a,b Ionic bond.
c,d Van der Waals forces.

8. Indicate the type of bond formed in the following molecules:

KBr, CO, ammonium ion, O2

Solution:

a) KBr - Ionic

b) CO - Covalent

c) Ammonium Ion–Coordinated Covalent

d) O2Covalent

9. If an element from group I-A combines with an element from group VI-A, what?
What type of bond do they form? Why?

Solution: An ionic bond, because the differences in electronegativities between

both groups is high enough for this type to occur
link.
 ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL AND FORMAL SCIENCES
BRANCH - AREQUIPA
CHEMISTRY I
SOLVED AND PROPOSED EXERCISES
STUDENT GUIDE
10. Consider the elements A(Z=17) and B(Z=4)

a.- Electronic configuration

b.- Indicate the valence electrons in each case

Solution:

A= 1s22s22p63s23p5B=1s22p2
7;2

11. Indicate whether the bond formed by the following pairs of elements is ionic or
covalente: S/H , H/Cl , Na/S , Rb/F , N/O , Al/Cl.

Solution:
Covalent Bond
Covalent H/Cl
Ionic Na/S
Rb/Ionic
N/O Covalent
Ionic Al/Cl

12. Indicate whether the bond formed is ionic or covalent if elements from the
the following groups of the periodic table.

Solution:
1 with 17 Ionic
14 with 17 Covalent
12 with 15 Ionic

13. There are 5 elements with the following electronic configurations:

[Kr] 5s24D2
b) 1s22s22p63s2 3p4
[Ne] 3s23p5
[Rn] 7s1
e) 1s22s22p4
What type of bond would they form?

Solution:
A with Ionic C, D with Ionic B, D with Ionic C, E with Covalent C.

14. Determine the type of bond by electronegativity difference in the

next molecule: Br2O5
Solution: Br2O5= E N = 3.5 - 2.8 = 0.7 Covalent bond
15. If an element from group I-A combines with an element from group VI-A, what
What type of bond is formed? Why?
 ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL AND FORMAL SCIENCES
BRANCH - AREQUIPA
CHEMISTRY I
SOLVED AND PROPOSED EXERCISES
STUDENT GUIDE
Solution: An Ionic bond, mostly, because of the differences in
electronegativity between both groups is high enough for
this type of link occurs.
16. Classify the following substances as ionic compound or as compound
covalent: CH4, KF, CO, SiCl4BaCl2
Solution:
a. CH4nonpolar covalent compound, sharing of electrons
b. KF: Ionic compound between a metal and a nonmetal
c. If Cl4Covalent compound electron sharing
d. BaCl2Ionic bond between a metal and a non-metal

17. What compounds can bind to each other through bridge links?
hydrogen

a. C2H6
b. HI
c. KF
d. CH3COOH

Solution: Of the four, only the CH.3-COO-H, because hydrogen is going to be

hydrogen bond with oxygen.

18. Knowing the electronegativities of A=0.8 and B=3.5, the type of bond that
they will form when combined is:

Solution:
Electronegativity B - A = 3.5 - 0.8 = 2.7
The bond that will be formed is ionic, greater than 2.

19. Indicate what type of bond to expect between the following pairs of atoms:
OyH:
F and Ca :
Mg and S:
C and H:

Solution:
O y H: covalente, F y Ca: iónico, Mg y S: iónico, C y H: covalente.
20. The following substances are present; if A is a metal, B and C are non-metals.
indicate what types of bonds are established in each type of substance.

a) AB
b) AC
c) BC2
d) A

Solution:
Ionic AB, Ionic AC, BC2covalent, metallic.
 ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL AND FORMAL SCIENCES
BRANCH - AREQUIPA
CHEMISTRY I
RESOLVED AND PROPOSED EXERCISES
STUDENT GUIDE
21. Indicate true (T) or false (F) as appropriate:

I) It can be said that the ionic bond has lower polarity than the bond
covalent.
II) Non-polar compounds are generally soluble in non-polar substances.
like Benzene.
III) Compounds with covalent bonds are generally liquids and gases.

A) VVV B) VFV C) FFF D) FVV E) None

Solution:
I) False: The polarity of the bond is measured by the difference in the
Electronegativities that the elements of the bond present.
II) True: "Like dissolves like", this means that the
nonpolar compounds will be dissolved by nonpolar solvents, therefore the
water, which is a polar substance, does not dissolve organic compounds that
they are generally non-polar.
III) True: Liquids and gases do not have a defined shape, due to their
molecules move around each other or move freely, this is due to
that the covalent bond is weak compared to the ionic bond, which is characteristic in
solid compounds.
B

22. How do atoms transform into positive and negative ions?

Solution: The formation of positive and negative ions occurs due to loss of or
gain of one or more electrons respectively.
23. What is the reason for metals' ability to conduct electricity?
Electric? How does it differ from ionic conductivity?
Solution: Metals conduct electric current easily due to the large
mobility of the electrons in the outer shell. Ionic compounds are
they differentiate from metals in that they only conduct electric current when
they are melted or dissolved; that is, when the ions are free.

24. Which of the following links are polar: (a) P⎯ O; (b) S⎯ F; (c) Br⎯Br;
(d) O⎯ Which is the most electronegative atom in each polar bond?
Solution: The bonds of (a), (b), and (d) are polar. The most
the electronegativity of each polar bond is (a) O (b) F (d) O

25. (a) ¿En qué difiere una molécula polar de una no polar? (b) Los átomos X y
And they have different electronegativity. Does the diatomic molecule X⎯Y
Is it necessarily polar? Explain.
Solution: (a) A polar molecule has a measurable dipole moment, as long as
that a nonpolar molecule has a net dipole moment of zero. (b) Yes. If X and
They have different electronegativity, the electronic density around the atom.
the more electronegative it will be greater, and will give rise to a separation of charges, or
dipole, in the molecule.
 ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL AND FORMAL SCIENCES
BRANCH - AREQUIPA
CHEMISTRY I
SOLVED AND PROPOSED EXERCISES
STUDENT GUIDE
26. What type of intermolecular attraction force operates between: (a) all the
molecules; (b) polar molecules; (c) the hydrogen atom of a bond
polar and a nearby electronegative atom?
(a) London dispersion forces (b) dipole-dipole forces (c)
dipole-dipole forces and, in certain cases, hydrogen bonds.

27. Represent the Lewis structure for SCl2:

Solution:

28. Represent the Lewis structure for SiH4:

Solution:

29. Represent the Lewis structure of Na Cl:

Solution:

30. Determine which of the following alternatives presents ionic bonds:

a.N2 b.CaO c.HCl d.CH3CH3 e.H2O

Solution:
b. CaO (because it forms a bond between metal and non-metal that characterizes the type of bond)
ionic.

31. How many valence electrons will the following compound have: P2O3?
Solution:
The atom P has 5 valence electrons.
The atom O has 6 valence electrons.
So: P = 5x2 = 10
O = 6x3 = 18
28 valence electrons in total.

32. What type of bond is expected to form the union of an atom X which
it presents an electronegativity of 1 when it bonds with another atom and it has
an electronegativity of 3?
Solution:
The difference in electronegativities between the atoms X and Y is determined:
 ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL AND FORMAL SCIENCES
BRANCH - AREQUIPA
CHEMISTRY I
SOLVED AND PROPOSED EXERCISES
STUDENT GUIDE
Electronegativity difference = 3-1 = 2 (2 > 1.9 then it is an ionic bond)

33. Indicate the number of single bonds, double bonds, and datives in the following
compound SO2

Solution: Let's look at the molecular structure of the compound, it is observed that it has a
double link and a dative link.

34. Indicate the number of single and double bonds in CCl4

Solution: Let's look at the molecular structure of the compound, we observe 4 bonds.
simple.

35. The compounds Br2y ICl have the same number of electrons but the
Bromine melts at -7.2 °C and ICl melts at 27.2 °C. Why?
Solution:
The Br molecule2it is nonpolar, therefore the bromine molecules are only
attracted by forces of London, in the case of ICl the covalent bond tends to be
a little more polar, therefore not only are there London forces but
also dipole-dipole and having greater attractive forces will melt at higher
temperature

36. What type of attractive force must be overcome to:

a. To melt the ice

b. Boil the molecular bromine
c. Dissociate the F2in atoms F

Solution:
i. To melt the ice: London forces, dipole-dipole forces and hydrogen bonds
hydrogen
ii. Boil Bromine Molecular: London Forces (non-polar molecule)
iii. Dissociate the F2The forces of London and moreover, the link must be broken.
covalent.
37. Mention the types of intermolecular forces that exist between the units.
basics in each of the following species. Justify your answers.

a. CH3CL
b. NaCl
c. Mg+2y H2O
 ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL AND FORMAL SCIENCES
BRANCH - AREQUIPA
CHEMISTRY I
SOLVED AND PROPOSED EXERCISES
STUDENT GUIDE

Solution:
i. The CH3CL: Presents dipole-dipole forces and attraction forces
London
ii. NaCl: They are bound by electrostatic forces forming crystals.
iii. They are united by dipole-ion forces.

PROPOSED EXERCISES

38. What will be the correct way, according to Lewis structure, to write the
salt molecule?

39. When lithium combines with bromine to form lithium bromide, it does so
by link:

a) normal covalent
b) dative covalent
c) electrovalent
metallic
N.A

Cl-Cl
Arrange the links by increasing polarity?

A) H-Cl < Cl-Cl < Al-Cl < K-Cl B) Cl-Cl < H-Cl < Al-Cl < K-Cl
C) Al-Cl < H-Cl < Cl-Cl < K-Cl D) K-Cl < H-Cl < Al-Cl < Cl-Cl
E) None

41. In which of the following compounds is the octet rule not satisfied for the
central atom?

A) CO2 B) NF3 C) F2O D) PF5 E) Everyone complies

42. Methylamine, CH3NH2it is the first term of the amine series

primaries.

a) Represent this molecule using a dot diagram (Lewis).

b) Indicate the number of bonding and non-bonding electron pairs.
 ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL AND FORMAL SCIENCES
BRANCH - AREQUIPA
CHEMISTRY I
SOLVED AND PROPOSED EXERCISES
STUDENT GUIDE

43. Two elements A and B have the following configurations respectively

electronics: 1s22s2p63s1and 1s22s2p4what link will they form between them?
What will be the formula of the compound they form together?; c) What in
What type of solvent will be soluble?; d) Under what conditions will it conduct the
electric current?
Butane and 2-methylpropane, whose
models of occupied space are
they show immediately, they are non-polar and
they have the same molecular formula; without
embargo, butane has a point of
higher boiling point (-0.5ºC, in
comparison with -11.7ºC). Explain.

45. Which of the following molecules can form hydrogen bonds with
other molecules of the same species: CH3F, CH3NH23OH, CH3Br?

46. What are the most important intermolecular forces present in the
following substances? (a) Chloroform, CHCl3(b) Oxygen, O2Polyethylene,
CH2n+2 (d) Methanol, CH3OH.
47. Draw the Lewis Structure of Cl2O

48. Lewis structure of gaseous nitrogen

49. Lewis structure of Perchloric Acid:

50. Lewis structure of the Ammonium ion

-2
51. Represent the Lewis structure of CO3

52. Represent the Lewis structure of H2SO4

54. Represent the Lewis structure of HNO.3

55. In the nitrogen molecule (N2) exists:

aA triple bond and two pairs of shared electrons

b) A double bond and two shared pairs of electrons
c) A triple bond and two pairs of unshared electrons
A double bond and two pairs of unshared electrons
a simple bond and two pairs of unshared electrons

56. Acid rain affects air quality. One of the compounds in the acid
nitric, of whose Lewis structure we can affirm that:

Share 5 pairs of e- between its atoms

It has a total of 14e.- not shared
It presents an ionic bond
 ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL AND FORMAL SCIENCES
BRANCH - AREQUIPA
CHEMISTRY I
SOLUTION AND PROPOSED EXERCISES
STUDENT GUIDE
The correct order is:

VVV b) FFF c) FVF d) VFV FVV

57. Sodium chloride (NaCl) is a compound that exhibits ionic bonding and is
joined by electrostatic force. In solid state, it does not conduct energy.
electrical. Indicate which of the following statements is incorrect.

a) Sodium transfers its electron to chlorine

b) chlorine is negatively charged as the ion Cl– (anion)
c) sodium accepts the electron from chlorine and the sodium ion Na is formed+cation
d) chlorine is more electronegative than Na
e) sodium is positively charged

58. Indicate the compound that does not have a polar covalent bond.

a)H2O b) HCl c)CH4 d)NH3 e) HBr

59. Match the following alternatives:

a. H-F Ionic bond
b. N≡N Polar covalent bond
c. K+1----H2O ( ) Pure covalent bond
d. Li-O-Li ( ) Ion-dipole interaction

60. Which of the following compounds is a Lewis molecule.

a. CBr4b. HCl c. MgO d. HIO4e. BH3

61. What type of bond would be expected to form if an atom X is joined that
it presents a terminal electronic distribution 2S1with an atom Y that
it presents a terminal electronic distribution 2P5?

62. Indicate how many electrons the Al atom can gain or lose, and the ion.
that are converted.
63. Determine if the covalent bond is polar or nonpolar according to the difference in
electronegativities. C O2
64. If methane CH4, ammonia NH3and the water H2Or they present
tetrahedral electronic geometry, what do they differ in?
65. The electronic configuration of element X is 1s22s22p63s23p5and the
The electronic configuration of the element Y is 1s22s22p63s2indicates the class
of the link that will occur between both elements and the formula of
compound that will be formed:

66. Four atoms are arbitrarily designated as D, E, F, and G Their

Electronegativities are: D=3.8, E=3.3, F=2.8, G=1.3 if the atoms of these
atoms form molecules DE, DG, EG, and DF. How can these be ordered?
molecules in increasing order according to their covalent character?
 ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL AND FORMAL SCIENCES
BRANCH - AREQUIPA
CHEMISTRY I
SOLVED AND PROPOSED EXERCISES
STUDENT GUIDE

67. a) Arrange according to increasing polarity, based on the values of

electronegativities from the attached table, the following bonds: H–F, H–O, H–
N, H–C, C–O and C–Cl

Element F O Cl N C S H
Electronegat. 4.0 3.5 3.0 3.0 2.5 2.5 2.1
b) the polarity of the CH molecule4Will it be the same or different from that of CCl?4?

68. If an element X has characterized its last electron with the following
set of quantum numbers (4,1,0,-1/2), then when linking with an atom Y
belonging to group IA what type of bond would it form.

69. Classify the following links and justify your answers:

a. H3CCH3
b. AI
c. The CF link in the CF4