Incubator Project
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ScribdTranslationsPROJECT:
FUNCTIONAL MODEL OF AN INCUBATOR
HEN HOUSE FOR THE
Poultry Production
PROJECT MADE BY:
HUGO PULIDO
C.I. 12.775.187
PUERTO LA CRUZ MARCH 2014
INTRODUCTION
Egg incubators in the poultry industry are used to bring life to the
fattening chicks or layers, replacing the hen in its natural process of
incubation, maintaining controlled environmental conditions of temperature and
relative humidity, as well as an oscillating movement of the eggs, creating the
better conditions for the development of the embryo, which in an approximate time
In 21 days, it will be ready to hatch from the shell and begin its productive life.
The development of the poultry industry would not be at its current peak if these equipment did not
they will participate in the process; the hen is not always broody (disposition of
incubating egg animal), therefore the production rate if it depended on
these animals would be very low, in addition to the high costs that this entails.
Egg incubator allows the production of chicks at any time of the year, without limits.
of production, only those imposed by the team and of course at a much lower cost
younger.
The design and construction of this equipment is focused on small ones.
poultry farmers, who due to their limited economic capacity and, often,
the remoteness of their farms makes it difficult to acquire the newly hatched chicks, which
Many times they die during transport, generating enormous economic losses.
to its owners.
There is also another important sector of the target population for this team, such as
the breeding and exploitation of exotic birds, such as turkeys, geese, quails
which acquire quite high prices within the national market
1. DESCRIPTION AND GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF INCUBATORS
EGG
1.1 PROJECT OBJECTIVE
The objective of this project is the design and construction of an egg incubator.
completely automatic, which must be accessible from the point of view
economic to small poultry farmers.
1.2 SCOPE OF THE STUDY FOR THE COMMUNITY
The use of technology, especially automation in industries, must be
a resource easily appropriated by companies, especially in the agricultural sector due to
it is a line that does not receive the necessary attention, technology
applied to various needs increases productivity and helps to improve the
product quality, reducing physical work, increasing the
competitiveness of companies. The current market has the machinery
necessary for the large-scale development of the poultry industry, unfortunately
it is not easily accessible for small business owners and farmers, and the only ones who
The large landowners benefit from technology. The small...
poultry farmer resorts to traditional chick production methods, using the
hen, buying chicks at the market or for the bolder ones, incubating their own
own eggs but manually with very rudimentary equipment, which
less competitive recently compared to the specialized machinery that
currently offered in the market.
This situation results in an expensive product where it will hardly be the
peasant a strong competitor in the market and its profit margins will be
very low bringing about poverty and low economic growth.
The solutions to this situation can be several, but they necessarily involve
strong state policies that include subsidies for small poultry farmers
to improve their production, bank loans at low interest rates and above all
the easy acquisition of equipment for the various needs within the sector
poultry they have, especially the incubation equipment.
1.4 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
The performance and productivity of agriculture and its explosion towards consumption
Massive chicken has been the product of the application of technology to production
and marketing of chicken.
In the past, chicken was produced in a very rudimentary way, starting from the
hens and roosters placed in a pen, the hen is responsible for laying the egg,
hatch it, wait for it to be born and its subsequent breeding and fattening until it reaches the
appropriate age for its consumption.
This form of production has always been useful and has been used for many years but
currently and due to the improvement of processes and the need to be more competitive
a total transformation of this industry has been made using the new
automation technologies.
Poultry companies are high-tech hubs and incubators are just the
beginning of a great production chain that is currently growing by leaps.
giantized
Thanks to the use of egg incubators, large quantities can be produced.
quantities of chickens for fattening at reasonable prices allowing more families
they eat well at much lower prices.
The use of large and high-productivity incubators occurs in the
large poultry production industries, but there are small poultry farmers
which will hardly be able to access this foreign technology therefore a team
that provides the same benefits with lower capacity and more reasonable costs
It can become a very practical solution for your small business.
1.5 DESCRIPTION OF AN EGG INCUBATOR
An egg incubator is equipment used in the poultry industry in the process
of chick production, which replaces the hen during the time in which
The eggs are incubated until the chick hatches; the team maintains the conditions.
necessary environmental conditions of temperature and humidity at optimal values in order to
guarantee the highest chances of success and thus achieve the greatest amount of
hatching from fertilized eggs introduced into the equipment. The
incubators are used to produce all kinds of bird species and
reptiles such as chicken, duck, ostrich, goose, geese, and reptiles such as iguanas and
vipers.
The true importance of an egg incubator lies in the replacement of the
hen at the moment of brooding the egg, since, keeping in mind that the
Hens are only broody during certain seasons and the rest of the time they are not.
incubation; the team allows for hatching chicks at any time of the year without
Import in which season the hen is.
Additionally, the incubator allows increasing the efficiency of births, making it
the poultry industry is a profitable business that can easily be scaled up
scales just as they are currently managed in the region.
The incubator for eggs mainly consists of a heating element, a
humidifier and a mechanism for turning the eggs, all of this operated in a way
automatic, with the aim of accurately controlling the values of temperature and
relative humidity, in addition to turning over every certain exact period of time.
The eggs are placed inside a closed chamber that preserves the
controlled environmental conditions within the established values during the
incubation period, which in the case of the hen is 21 days from the date of
initiation.
There are various capacities of incubators that can be found.
commercially. The small capacity models of around 50 eggs for
homemade applications, medium capacity models for 200–1000 eggs that
it is our specific application; the large models that are incubators of 1000 -
3000 chicken eggs and large-sized incubators for application
industrial which can reach up to 150,000 eggs. The incubators of
egg depending on the high degree of automation may come equipped with
real-time counters, auxiliary power systems, hatcheries, elements of
reading the state of the variables; in addition to using primary energies such as
natural gas
1.6 GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT
The use of automation technology in the poultry sector is aimed at
increase the efficiency of processes, especially in the incubation part which is
the objective of the project. In any poultry farming business regardless of the species
that is desired to be produced, it is necessary to produce the chickens that are desired to be fattened but
due to the high costs of producing them and especially to the low efficiency of the
homemade equipment, it is proposed to carry out the design and construction
of an incubation team adopting both local and foreign techniques and with
novel and economical criteria for better application in our environment.
The egg incubator to be designed is aimed at small poultry farmers who
Due to economic limitations, they cannot access the latest equipment.
generation offered by multinational companies but also have a
potentially developing market that cannot be exploited due to lack of technology
make the most of it.
The built incubator consists of the following parts:
Automatic tilting mechanism that is responsible for moving the eggs every
hour during the first 18 days, rotating them 45° with respect to their
initial position. It is composed of:
Custom-built egg holder trays, designed to hold
the eggs and allow the continuous flow of hot air through
the same
Aluminum structure for placing trays with eggs underneath.
weight and great resistance.
Bar mechanism to convert the rotational motion of the engine into
oscillating of the structure.
Speed reducer, used to increase the motor torque and
block the structure in order to prevent involuntary movement
of egg trays and possible damage to them.
5w electric motor with high torque and low speed – around
4rpm-, easy to acquire.
Automatic heating system that maintains the temperature at
the interior of the room between 37.5°C and 37.7°C constantly for 21
days. This system includes electrical resistance for heating, the sensor
of temperature and the control system.
Automatic humidification system that maintains relative humidity
inside the room between 60% - 65% RH for the first 18 days and the last
3 days at 75 - 80%. This system includes a humidifier, the humidity sensor.
relative and the control system.
Incubation room built to minimize losses as much as possible
of the system's energy.
Real-time calendar that tracks the incubation time,
in order to keep the poultry farmer informed about the status of their eggs.
Hatching trays in order to place the eggs that will soon be laid.
they hatch and thus avoid the chick falling and spoiling.
2. DESCRIPTION OF OPERATION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE
EGG INCUBATORS
In this chapter, a detailed description of the operation of a
egg incubator for birds, the minimum requirements it must meet for
successfully achieve the hatching process of chicks and the general description
of the operation of the constructed equipment.
2.1 INCUBATION PROCESS
The process of artificial incubation simulates the natural conditions that a hen...
offers the eggs to allow their embryonic development and birth.
The incubation process, the methodology for giving life to birds artificially,
starting from fertilized eggs, placed in an enclosure under controlled conditions,
which after a period established by nature hatch from the
peel, as its name indicates, is a process that involves various
aspects, which must be very well controlled to successfully achieve the greatest
number of births, ultimate goal of the process.
The most relevant aspects to consider in the incubation process are:
Quality of the breeders: the breeders, both male and female
it must be of the best breeding stock, young, healthy, strong animals, well
fed and isolated from avian diseases.
Optimal conditions for henhouses for birds to lay eggs: maintain the
stable environmental conditions inside the sheds, allows to reduce the
stress levels of birds and increase the number of clutches.
Frequent collection of eggs: the eggs for incubation should be collected with a
frequency of 4 - 5 times a day, this prevents contamination and the breaking of the eggs
in the nest.
Optimal temperature and relative humidity conditions in warehouses of
players: temperature is the most important factor that intervenes in the
artificial incubation since it influences the size of the egg, as increasing the
ambient temperature the size of the egg decreases, the ambient temperature
comfortable for birds varies between 18 °C and 25 °C
Selection of eggs to incubate: there are recommendations for the selection of the
eggs to incubate among which are:
Healthy, mature, and developed layers.
Affordability to the rooster
Birds without consanguinity
Avoid excessively large and very small eggs.
Avoid eggs with broken or cracked shells
Avoid deformed eggs
