HOMEMADE PROJECTOR

Alumna: Angie Anel Gamarra Madriaga.

Professor: Eva Gloria Ventura Quispe.
Grade: 2nd year of secondary.
School: I.E. 40161 Mons "Jose Luis del"
Carpio Rivera

PAUCARPATA - AREQUIPA

2014
INTRODUCTION

This projector gives us the opportunity to project images and

videos and enjoy good moments. They can be made
with little money and it also helps us take care of the environment
, because recyclable material can also be used and furthermore
its process is very simple. This product can also
cover the market with its price and quality; with this also
we can help low-income schools and improve the
teaching method and are utilized by human beings of
various ways to improve their quality of life through
technological, scientific, social, educational, economic development
among others.
A video projector is a device that
receives a video signal and projects the corresponding image
on a projection screen using a lens system,
thus allowing the visualization of still or moving images.
All video projectors use a very bright light.
to project the image, and the most modern ones can correct
curves, smudges and other inconsistencies through the adjustments
manuals. Video projectors are mostly
used in presentation rooms or conferences, in classrooms
teachers, although applications can also be found
for home cinema. The input video signal can come from
from different sources, like a television tuner
(terrestrial or satellite), a personal computer...
Another similar term for video projector is overhead projector.
which, unlike the first one, is implemented
internally in the television set and projects the image
toward the observer.
Theoretical Framework

What is a multimedia projector or video projector?

A video projector is a device that takes an analog or digital video signal.
and projects it on a projection screen or on the wall using a system of
lenses, thus allowing to see the images with dimensions that are difficult to
we could get on a monitor or television. The projectors along with the systems
surround sound speakers have allowed us to turn our house into a
small cinema, being able to enjoy images and sound of very high quality.
Louis Lumiere, one of the first inventors of moving images is
cited with the following phrase: "Cinema is an invention without a future." And yet,
Lumier, along with a number of "co-inventors" who appeared throughout
three centuries have made advances for an incredible future of cinema. The projector has
I have advanced a lot since this time, and even its beginnings are no less imaginative.
than the movies we watch today.

Identification
The Magic Lantern is reported to be the first projector, invented in the years
1650 by a Dutch scientist named Christiaan Huygens. The images
projected were emitted onto hand-painted slides within a
wooden box. Levers were used to change the images and give the
appearance of movement. The artists used these boxes on their backs and
they sold shows in inns and castles. The light source for the images was
a flashlight that produced a lime-colored light through the use of limestone,
hydrogen and oxygen. These flashlights came in large and small sizes;
Some were equipped with two lenses for projections in large halls.
The sound effects for the presentations were made by the artists and by
musicians, with the members of the audience joining them. The Magic Lantern
it served as the only method of moving images until the arrival of the
"movies" towards the end of the 1890s.
Features
The invention of the camera that used paper film was needed to unleash the
a chain of inventions that would lead to the cinema projector. In 1888,
George Eastman made his discovery and brought the first camera to market.
Kodak. In the same year, Etienne Marey invented a version of the camera like those of
Eastman who used strips of paper to show moving images.
Thomas Edison, inventor of the phonograph, quickly associated the idea of music.
continues with the moving images and tried to model
a projector after the invention of the phonograph. The idea was unsuccessful, so Edison -
with much assistance from his assistant William Dickson, they continued with the invention
from the kinetographic camera and the kinetoscopic viewing box, modeled after the
inventions of Eastman and Marey. By 1893, Edison conducted his first exhibition.
public using these devices. This took place in 1893 in Black Maria - the
first production study in the world - built in the laboratories
Edison's undergrounds in West Orange, New Jersey.

Function
The film projectors until this moment were composed of two parts - the
kinetoscope and the kinetograph - and the films could only be seen by one person
at the same time. The two parts plus the materials for the films were very expensive for
to become a profitable article. The invention of the cinematograph, by the
Lumiere brothers in 1894 combined the functions of recording and projection in
the same device. Improvements were also made regarding how it was
cut and how the film material was placed in the machine. In 1895, it was made
the first recording with the cinematograph in Paris. This would be the first time that
a movie was shown to an audience that paid to attend, able to watch it all
at the same time.

Significance
The main character who introduced the idea of moving images was a
British photographer named Eadweard Muybridge. The praxinoscope projector of
Muybridge, invented in 1890, served as a precursor for the successes of Edison and
Lumiere. His device was the first to 'build' movement in films.
using successive multiple images. Its invention combined images of 12
cameras aligned in a row, recording the movements of a horse's hooves
about the soil.

Potential
While each successive phase of the projector's development has led us towards
the cinematic experience we have today, only a few of these
past discoveries are still preserved in their original form. The Loop of
Latham is one of them. Major Woodville Latham, in an attempt to commercialize
one of its own versions of the projector provided a mechanism that passed the
film by the projector. This allowed the development of movies that lasted longer than
Three minutes. Today's cameras and projectors use the Lantham Loop.
The Lumiere brothers also introduced the 35mm film that is used today.
in day, as part of its conversion of the kinetoscope into the cinematograph. Continues
being the standard to use this film in cinema and photography.

What types of projectors do we have according to their technology?

We will fundamentally show two technologies, the most well-known and used in the
currently, on one hand we highlight LCD technology, also known as
LCD multimedia projectors, and DLP technology or DLP video projectors.

What is LCD technology? What is LCD technology?

In LCD technology (Liquid Crystal Display), the emitted light is divided into three
you create colors, red, green, and blue, that pass through the liquid crystal and
then they generate an image composed of pixels. It produces very strong colors and
very bright but on the other hand it has the disadvantages of having less detail and
demonstrate pixelated images.

What is DLP technology?

It means Digital Light Processing (DLP) from the manufacturer Texas Instruments.
We have 2 versions, one that uses a chip called digital device.
micro-mirror (DMD) and another that uses three of these chips. These mirrors use
they form a matrix of pixels that allow light to pass through to the screen. It produces a
perfect color reproduction, great contrast, and video projectors usually
they are lightweight.

What types of cable connections do video projectors have?

The composite video cable composite video cable composite video cable is
the most universal, but it is of lower quality. The S-video cable provides better quality but
it's not so universal. Component Video Component Video and RGB
RGB component video (it's the same cable) is the highest quality analog.
the quality difference from the previous ones is very noticeable. The wired connections
HDMI and DVI are digital connections that we can find in the most modern
projectors, Plasma TVs, TFT, will give us the highest image quality,
fundamentally the HDMI.

Classification of Projectors

Currently, there are several types of projection technologies available on the market.
the most important ones and a brief summary are the following:

CRT projector

The cathode ray tube projector typically has three cathode ray tubes.
high performance, one red, another green and another blue, and the final image is obtained by
superposition of the three images (additive synthesis) in analog mode.

Advantages: it is the oldest, but it is the most widespread in television sets.

Disadvantages: being the oldest, it is in danger of extinction in favor of the others.

systems described at this point. The CRT projectors are suitable only
for fixed installations as they are very heavy and large, in addition they have the
inconvenience of the electronic and mechanical complexity of the superposition of
colors.

LCD projector

The liquid crystal display system is the simplest, therefore one of the most
common and affordable for domestic use. In this technology, light is divided into three
you make it pass through three liquid crystal panels, one for each color
fundamental (red, green, and blue); finally, the images are recomposed into one,
composed of pixels, and are projected onto the screen through a lens.
Advantages: it is more efficient than DLP systems (brighter images) and produces
very saturated colors.
• Disadvantages: a pixelation effect is visible (although recent advancements
in this technology, they have minimized it), the appearance of dead pixels is likely and the
The life of the lamp is approximately 2000 hours.

DLP Projector

Use Texas Digital Light Processing (DLP) technology

Instruments. There are two versions, one that uses a DMD (Digital Micromirror) chip.
Device, Digital Micromirror Device) and another with three and each pixel corresponds to 5
a micro mirror; these mirrors form a pixel matrix and each one can leave
pass or not light through the screen, in the style of a switch. The light that reaches each
micro-mirror has previously passed through a colored wheel, which must be
electromechanically synchronized with the color that each pixel is to represent.
Advantages: excellent color reproduction, high contrast level, lightweight, very
good life of the lamp, its prices are starting to be competitive. The systems with
Three DMD chips can create three times the colors and do not suffer from the rainbow problem.

• Disadvantages: the single-chip DMD version has a visible problem, known

like a rainbow effect, which causes some people to perceive a rainbow when they move their
eyes on the screen.
D-ILA Projector

D-ILA (Direct-drive Image Light Amplifier, Image Light Amplifier)

Directly-Driven) is a special technology based on LCoS (Liquid Crystal on
Silicon, Liquid Crystal on Silicon) developed by JVC. It is a reflective type of LCD.
which delivers much more light than a transmissive LCD panel.

Advantages: excellent color reproduction and great level of contrast.

• Disadvantages: very expensive systems currently.

3D projector

Next-generation projector that displays images on a special screen

treated in such a way that the images it projects envelop the viewer giving the
sense of immersive image.
OBJECTIVE:
Encourage in children creativity, exploration, and the development of their knowledge.
MATERIALS
4 pieces of tripley measuring 17 x 28 cm.
2 pieces of triple layer of 16.5 x 16.5 cm.
1 piece of tripley measuring 11 x 11 cm.
Small headless nails.
A length of 4 m.
A plug.
A sock.
A 100-200 w bulb.
3 pieces of tin measuring 12 x 10 cm.
2 pieces of tin measuring 22 x 12 cm.
A small magnifying glass.

PROCEDURE
1.- First, the construction of the projector housing was carried out, for which it was only enough
adapt the size of a common shoe box and make a hole in one of
the front faces.

2.- Then place the ventilation cells on the side in addition to the drilling of holes.
that serve the same function as those mentioned last

3.- Then the electrical connections are made using a twin cable in which one
one end connects to a socket and the other to 2 bulbs which will provide the light
necessary for the projection of the image.

4.- Finally, place the power cord inside the box along with the magnifying glass inside the
hole made in the middle of one of the faces and the making of the lid to be able to
counteract the light output.
4.2 Specification of the result.
Regarding the design of the prototype, it was very simple, just establishing the sufficient spaces.
for the elements to find their place; the most difficult is the place of the bulbs since the place
The magnifying glass interferes with the size; we can say that this was our bottleneck.

To choose the appropriate locations for the ventilation holes, the sites were taken into account.
of greater heat concentration which are the base of the prototype and the side faces,
in addition to some located on the lid.

4.3 Specification of the procedure.

The development of the prototype took place in various meetings where progress was made.
organized by stages:

Create or locate the size of the prototype.

Modify the structure of the prototype.

Make the necessary electrical connections for operation.

Improve the exterior design.

The final assembly of the prototype

CONCLUSIONS

Promote improvement in teaching especially in public and low-income areas.

resources; promote research in children and adolescents.

RECOMMENDATIONS
The device for working with electrical energy sources must take into account its use.
due precautions should be taken and children should not be allowed to handle it.