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Here's a breakdown and solution for each of the problems:
18. Missing Number in the Square
Step 1: Analyze the pattern in the number square
Observe the rows and columns to find a consistent arithmetic rule.
Row 1: 7, 10, 16. The differences are 10 − 7 = 3 and 16 − 10 = 6.
Row 2: 13, 22, 40. The differences are 22 − 13 = 9 and 40 − 22 = 18.
Column 1: 7, 13, 31. The differences are 13 − 7 = 6 and 31 − 13 = 18.
Column 2: 10, 22, 58. The differences are 22 − 10 = 12 and 58 − 22 = 36.
Column 3: 16, 40, ?. The differences are 40 − 16 = 24.
Step 2: Identify the pattern rule
The differences in both rows and columns appear to follow a pattern of multiplying by 2 or
3.
Consider the relationship between columns:
13 = 7 × 2 − 1 (Doesn't work for 31)
13 = 7 + 6
22 = 10 + 12
31 = 13 + 18
58 = 22 + 36
It seems that the difference between consecutive numbers in a column is multiplied by 3
for the next difference in that column:
For Column 1: 6 × 3 = 18. So the next number is 31 + 18 = 49. This doesn't match the
third row's pattern with the next value.
Let's try a different rule. Consider the relationship between the numbers in a row:
(𝐴 × 2) + 𝐵 = 𝐶. This rule does not fit.
Let's look for a consistent pattern involving the cells in a 2x2 subgrid.
Consider the relationship: 𝐶 = (𝐶
𝑖𝑗
× 2) + 𝐶
(𝑖−1)𝑗
. This does not fit perfectly.
𝑖(𝑗−1)
Let's try to find a pattern related to the columns.
Consider the difference between elements in the same row:
Row 1: 10 − 7 = 3, 16 − 10 = 6
Row 2: 22 − 13 = 9, 40 − 22 = 18
The differences in Row 2 are 3 times the differences in Row 1: 9 = 3 × 3 and 18 = 3 × 6.
Assuming this pattern continues to the third row, let the third row be 31, 58, 𝑥.
The difference between the second and first element in Row 3 is 58 − 31 = 27.
This is 3 × 9, which fits the pattern of multiplying the previous row's corresponding
difference by 3.
So, the
Ask next difference in the third row should be 3 × 18 = 54.
anything
Therefore, 𝑥 = 58 + 54.
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Step 3: Calculate the missing number
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𝑥 = 58 + 54 = 112 .
Answer:
The correct option is (D) 112.
19. Students and Teachers Ratio
Step 1: Understand the given ratio and total members
The ratio of students to teachers is 8 ∶ 6. The total number of members on the committee
is 21.
Step 2: Find the total parts in the ratio
Total parts in the ratio = 8 + 6 = 14.
Step 3: Calculate the value of one part
One part of the ratio = Total members
=
21
=
3
.
Total parts 14 2
Step 4: Calculate the number of students
Number of students = 8 × .
3
= 4 × 3 = 12
2
Answer:
The correct option is (C) 12.
20. Arranging Fractions in Descending Order
Step 1: Convert fractions to decimal values
Convert each given fraction to its decimal equivalent to easily compare them.
8
= 1.6
5
7
= 3.5
2
9
= 1.8
5
5
= 1.25
4
4
= 0.8
5
Step 2: Arrange the decimal values in descending order
3.5, 1.8, 1.6, 1.25, 0.8
Step 3: Identify the fourth fraction in descending order
The fourth value in the descending order list is 1.25.
Step 4: Convert the decimal back to its original fraction
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The fraction corresponding to 1.25 is .
5
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Answer:
The correct option is (C) 5/4.
21. Abebe's Money Calculation
Step 1: Define variables for Abebe's money
Let Abebe's current amount of money be 𝐶.
Let Abebe's money yesterday be 𝑌.
Let Abebe's money tomorrow be 𝑇.
Step 2: Formulate equations based on the given information
"Abebe has half as much money as he had yesterday": 𝐶 = .
1
𝑌 ⇒ 𝑌 = 2𝐶
2
"a third as much as he will have tomorrow": 𝐶 = 1
𝑇 ⇒ 𝑇 = 3𝐶 .
3
"If he had Birr 12 yesterday": 𝑌 = 12.
Step 3: Solve for Abebe's current money
Substitute the value of 𝑌 into the equation 𝑌 = 2𝐶:
12 = 2𝐶
.
12
𝐶 = = 6
2
So, Abebe currently has Birr 6.
Step 4: Calculate how much Abebe will have tomorrow
Substitute the value of 𝐶 into the equation 𝑇 = 3𝐶:
𝑇 = 3 × 6 = 18.
Answer:
The correct option is (D) 18.
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