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Civil Engineering Basic Knowledge

By Bhushan Mahajan

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Civil engineering is a branch of engineering that deals with the design, construction, and maintenance of
infrastructure and the built environment. Here are some basic civil engineering knowledge related to civil
engineering:

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Post Contents

Civil Engineering Basic Knowledge

The following are the basics civil engineering knowledge points to remember for civil engineers to make the
construction work easier while maintaining the quality of construction;

Civil Engineering Basic Knowledge

Lapping in reinforcement is not allowed for the bars having diameters more than 36 mm.

Steel Char maximum spacing is 1.00 m (or) 1 No per 1m2 .

 In steel dowels, a rod minimum of 12 mm diameter should be used.

Steel Chairs minimum of 12 mm diameter bars to be used.

Longitudinal reinforcement should not be less than 0.8% and more than 6% of gross C/S.

The minimum bars used for a square column are 4 No and 6 No for the circular column.

The main bars used in the slabs shall not be less than 8 mm (HYSD) or 10 mm (Plain bars) and the distributors
not less than 8 mm and not more than 1/8 of slab thickness.

The minimum thickness of the slab should be 125 mm.

The freefall of concrete is allowed a maximum of 1.50m in height.

Lap splices shall not be used for bars larger than 36 mm.

Water absorption of bricks is limited to not more than 15 %.

The PH value of the water used should not be less than 6.

The minimum Compressive strength of Bricks is 3.5 N / mm2.

The binding wire required in steel reinforcement is 8 kg per Metric tonne.

For soil filling work as per IS code, 3 samples should be taken for the core cutting test for every 100m2 .

Read More: Structural Components Of Building And Their Standard Dimensions

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The density of Construction Materials

Bricks – 1600 – 1920 kg/m3

Concrete block – 1920 kg/ m3
Reinforce Concrete – 2310 – 2700 kg/ m3
Plain cement Concrete- 2400 kg/m3
Lime mortar- 1760kg/m3
Aluminum – 2739 kg/m3
Glass – 2580 kg/m3
Zinc – 7135 kg/m3
Clay soil – 1900 kg/m3
Bamboo – 350 kg/m3

Curing Time for Concrete Members for Various Types of Cement

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Curing of Concrete

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Super Sulphate cement: 7 days

Ordinary Portland cement OPC: 10 days
Minerals & Admixture added cement: 14 days

De-Shuttering Period of Different RCC Members

1. The period for columns, walls, and vertical formworks – is 16-24 hrs.
2. Period for Soffit formwork to slabs – 3 days (props to be refixed after removal)
3. The period for Soffit to beams props – is 7 days (props to be refixed after removal)
4. Beams spanning up to 4.5m – 7 days
5. Beams spanning over 4.5m – 14 days
6. Arches spanning up to 6m – 14 days
7. Arches spanning over 6m – 21 days

Minimum Nos. Of Concrete Cube Sample for Given Volume of Concrete

1 – 5 m3 = 1 Nos.
6 – 15 m3 = 2 Nos.
16 – 30 m3 = 3 Nos.
31 – 50 m3 = 4 Nos.
Above 50 m3 = 4 + 1 Nos.

Grade of Concrete

Grade of Concrete The proportion of C:S: A

M5 [Link]

M7.5 [Link]

M10 [Link]
 M15 [Link]

M20 1:1.5:3

M25 [Link]

Grade of Concrete
M30 and above this grade is based on the mix design.

Clear Cover for main reinforcement

For Beam: 25mm

For Slab: 15mm
For Flat slab: 20mm
For Staircase: 15mm
For Watertank Structure: 20 to 30 mm
For Retaining Wall: 20 to 25mm to the earth’s surface
For Column: 40mm
For Shearwall: 25mm
For Raft foundation topside: 50mm
For Raft foundation Bottom and Sides: 75mm

Main Part of Building

Foundation
Sub Structure
Super Structure

Basic Component of Structure

Foundation
Beam and Column
Wall
Plinth
Slab
Staircase
Flooring
Parapet wall
Finishing Work like plastering, painting

Different types of loads act on building

Live Load
Dead Load
Wind Load
Self Load
Snow Load
Seismic Load or Earthquake load
Hurricane Load at some location

Types of Building Materials

Steel
Cement
Aggregate
Sand
Brick
Stone
 Wood
Foam
Glass
Plastic
Clay
Clay Blocks
Lime
Paints
Marbles
Tiles
Water
Admixture
Bitumen
Tar
Asphalt
Gypsum
Surkhi
Copper
Sanitary and fittings
Wires
Gravels
Roofing Materials
Rolled Steel
Concrete
Ceramic
Copper
Fabrics

Types of Structure

Load Bearing Structuure

Framed Structure
Truss Structure
Shell Structure
Cable Structure
Composite Structure
Tension Structure
Mass Structure
Pre Engineered Structure

Slump Value for Different Concrete Work

Concrete Work Slump Value in mm

Mass Construction 25-50

Beams and Slabs 12-25

Cement Concrete Pavement 30-75

Deck of Bridge 20-30

Vibrated Concrete 50-100

Retaining Wall, Column 75-150

Slump Value for different Concrete

Unit Conversation
 1 foot = 12 inches
1 foot = 0.304 meter
1 foot = 304.8 mm
1 foot = 30 cm
1 inch = 25.4 mm
1 inch = 2.54 centimeter
1 yard = 3 ft
1 yard = 36 inches

Types of Foundation

here’s list of types of foundations in building construction:

1. Spread Footing
2. Combined Footing
3. Slab-on-Grade
4. Pile Foundations
5. Caisson Foundations
6. Pier Foundations
7. Mat Foundations (Raft Foundations)
8. Strip Foundations
9. Floating Foundations
10. Screw Pile Foundations
11. Tension Pile Foundations
12. Well Foundations

FAQs
What are the basic things a civil engineer should know?

BASIC THINGS FOR CIVIL ENGINEERS:

1. Lapping in reinforcement is not allowed for the bars having diameters more than 36 mm.
2. Steel Char maximum spacing is 1.00 m (or) 1 No per 1m2 .
3. In steel dowels, a rod minimum of 12 mm diameter should be used.
4. Steel Chairs minimum of 12 mm diameter bars to be used.
5. Longitudinal reinforcement should not be less than 0.8% and more than 6% of gross C/S.
6. The minimum bars used for a square column are 4 No and 6 No for the circular column.

What a site engineer should know?

Following are the points Civil engineers should know:

1. The freefall of concrete is allowed a maximum of 1.50m in height.
2. Lap splices shall not be used for bars larger than 36 mm.
3. Water absorption of bricks is limited to not more than 15 %.
4. PH value of the water used should not be less than 6.
5. The minimum Compressive strength of Bricks is 3.5 N / mm2.
6. The binding wire required in steel reinforcement is 8 kg per Metric tonne.

What are the 5 major facets of civil engineering?

5 Major Facets of Civil Engineering:

1. Geotechech
2. Construction and Management
3. Structure
4. Transportation
5. Architecture
Who is the Father of a Civil Engineering?

John Smeaton
John Smeaton (8 June 1724 – 28 October 1792) was a British Civil Engineer back in the 18th century and has since
come to be known as the Father of Civil Engineering. His designs of ridges, canals, lighthouses, harbors, and mills
were a great milestone in Civil Engineering. His works can be found across the UK.

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4 thoughts on “Civil Engineering Basic Knowledge”

ZERATSION
28/01/2019 AT 9:54 AM

I need support b/c this is abest idea and in site shortly celarifay the priffion!!!

Reply

RANJEET KUMAR SAHANI

30/01/2019 AT 6:50 AM

Thanks for info. Sir.

Reply
ABDULKADIR
25/04/2020 AT 6:40 PM

Is very good!Thank you!

Civil engineering basic knowledge

Reply

FAMII ABDURAHMAN
18/11/2021 AT 2:34 AM

thanks

Reply

Leave a Reply

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