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CHAPTER W
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Aansa u

WOOD DESIGN

HOMEWORK

Struetur a l PE S prin g 2 0 2 2
(BC 2015, NDS 2015
 WOOD DESIGN

Multiple Choice Questions

Which of the
following statements best represents a visually graded dimension lumber?

A Douglas Fir Larch, 4"7 thickness, surfaced green

B Southern Pine, 6" thickness, surfaced dry

C Glulam, 5" width, surfaced green

D Douglas Fir Larch, 5" thickness, surfaced dry

Which of the following threshold best represents a wet service conditions for a glued
laminated timber beam?

A Moisture Content ≥ 16%

B Moisture Content ≥ 17%

C Moisture Content ≥ 18%

D Moisture Content ≥ 19%

Determine the adjusted bending design value (psi) for a 6x14 Select Structural DFL beam.
Assume snow load condition, Normal temperature. MC = 16%. CL = 0.85, C;= 1.0

A F'b= 1455 psi

B F'b= 1544 psi

2 Page
C F'b = 1600 psi
D F' = 1840 psi

Determine the adjusted compression design value (psi) for a 4x12 No. 1 SP post. Assume
live load condition, Normal temperature, wet service conditions. Cp = 1.0, C:= 1.0

A F' = 1120 psi

B 1400 psi

C F' = 1792 psi

D F' = 2048 psi

Determine the allowable tensile capacity (adjusted tensile

design value) for a 5-1/2x13-1/2
24F-1.8E beam. Assume construction load condition, in-service temperature = 125%, wet
service conditions.

A F'. = 562 psi

B F'. = 702 psi

C F, = 770 psi

D F, = 990 psi

3 page
Determine the beam slenderness ratio, RB. for the shown beam laterally supported at the
1/3 span length. L = 12 ft 4x10 DFL No 1.

1/3 1/3

A RB= 5.19

B RB = 6.7

C RB= 7.8

D RB= 50

Determine the critical buckling design value, FbE, for the shown beam laterally supported
at the 1/3 span length. L = 12 ft. 4x10 DFL No 1. Wet conditions. Beam slenderness ratio,
RB 7.8. C;= CT= 1.0.

1/3 1/3 1/3

A FiE = 5109 psi

B FbE= 6800 psi

C FiE = 10,200 psi

D 11,000 psi

4 Page
Determine the
allowable crushing strength parallel to grain, Fc, for a 4 DF L1CL-1.9E (6
lams). Assume construction load condition. in-service temperature = 100%, wet service
conditions.

A 962 psi

B 1533 psi

C 1916 psi

D 2100 psi

For the 2x6 Hem-Fir Stud shown, determine the Euler critical buckling stress, FcE. Assume
snow load, dry wall conditions and normal temperature. C; = Cr = 1.0. Assume pin-pin
conditions.

120"

A 226 psi

B 326 psi

C 620 psi

D 761 psi

5 Page
10

Determine the
required section modulus Sy for bending of a 2 x 6 DFL No. 1 Grade, roof
rafter. Span of the rafter is 14 ft spaced at 16 inches on center. Assume Cp = 1.25, Cm= 1.0,
C,= 1.0. Total design load = 45 lbs/ft.
Given:

CD = 1.25, Cm = 1.0, Cp= 1.3, C, = 1.0, C;= 1.0

Rafter is loaded edgewise, simple beam with compression face supported laterally with
sheathing

A 5.68 in3

B 6.50 in3

C 7.08 in3

D 8.23 in3

11

Determine the minimum required moment of inertia for a DFL No. 1 dimensional lumber

floor joist to satisfy the IBC Live Load deflection limit. Assume uniform live load of 30 plf.
Cm = C= C= 1.0

10 ft

A 11.68 in4

B 15.50 in+

C 18.25 int

D 20.50 in4
12

Determine the allowable bearing stress for DFL No. 1 horizontal truss chord member
(4x10) subjected to a compression load at an angle, 6, of 60°. Assume: CD = 1.25, Ch=
1.0625, CF= 1.2, CM = C= C= 1.0

in horizontal member

A 625 ps1

B 664 psi

C 806 psi

D 2880 psi

13

Glulam axial combination 5DF 2-1/2 x 6 (4 lams) tension member with a row of 3/4 in.
diameter bolts with 1/8 oversized holes. Tensile force is 7000 lbs due to dead and live loads.

Determine the actual tensile stress parallel to grain, ft, and the allowable tension design
value, Ft. MC2 16%.

A 496 psi, F' = 1890 psi

B 546 psi, F', = 2110 psi
C 467 psi, F'= 2350 psi
D 546 psi, F' = 1320 psi

7 Page
14

Determine the Euler critical buckling stress, FeE (psi) for the shown column.
Assume dry use conditions and normal temperature range. C;= 1.0, CT = 1.0.

A 150 psi 2 x 4 Visually Graded Sawn

Lumber Column (Emin = 440,000psi)
B 350 psi

C 475 psi
D 500 psi

Bracing Planks (TYP.)-

(Pin-Connected to Column)

15

For the DFL No.2 stud configuration

shown, determine the maximum allowable
compression load. Assume the gypsum board providing full bracing to the stud about the

weak axis. C = 1.15, CF= 1.15, Cm = C#= Ci= 1.0

Cp= 0.33 about the strong axis, Cp= 1.0 about the weak axis

Gypsum Board -2 x 4 @ 16 in. O.C. 8 ft High

A 2700 lbs

B 3093 lbs

C 3700 lbs

16
81 Page
A 4x10 select structural DFL collector is secured to the double top plate of a shear wall
with 12 gagesteel strap as shown. Use common nail 16d (Length is 3.5 in.). Determine the
number of nails required to resist an service axial load of 2000 Ibs.
CD= C,= Cm = C.m 1.0

Steel strap

A 10 nails

B 12 nails

14 nails
Double top plate
D 16 nails
2 -3x6

-Collector 4x10

Hanger
Shear wall-/

17

A 3x8 DFL ledger is attached to a concrete wall with 1 in. bolt at 3 ft interval. Determine
the maximum dead load and occupancy live load the ledger can support, W (lbs/ft).
Assume Cm= C = Co = Co = 1.0

A 250 plf

B 375 plf
1" Bolt
C 425 plf

D 475 plf

3 x 8 ledger

9 Page
18

For the
assembly shown, what is the allowable bearing capacity of the 8X12 DFL member
at an
angle of 60°. Assume snow loads, and all other adjustment factors are 1.0. Note the
capacity of the 4x6 side member is not critical.

4 x 6 side member DFL

tm = 7 ½

= 60°

1 in bolt
8 x 12 main

ts = 3 1/ in 1 in bolt member DFL

B 1805 lbs

C 2075 lbs

10 Page
19

A lag screw connection is shown. What is the tensile force in the top lag screw?

Wood Stud

Single-Tension
Joist
Lag Screw

Light Gage Hanger

(does not restrain rotation)

Reaction From
Joist = 1.6 kips
Assume lower lag screw does not
contribute to tensile resistance

A 480 lbs

B 560 lbs

C 620 lbs

11 pa ge
20

The Figure shows a typical connection detail for the seismic force transfer
in a two- story light framed shear wall building. A metal strap (tension tie)
is attached to the end posts of the shear wall between the first and second

story, as shown in the isometric view. Which of the following represents the
function of
the metal strap in transferring the seismic forces to the
foundation?

A resists the uplift force of the second story shear wall

B
transfers the in-plane seismic shear force to the foundation

C resists the out-of-plane seismic shear force on the wall

D
transfer in-plane diaphragm unit shear into supporting collector

Roof diaphragm nailing-

Diaphragm sheathing.

Framing anchor_
End blocking
Framing joist
Shear wall
Double top plate nailing

Shear wall
Stud-
sheathing

Metal strap (tension tie)

Bottom plate-

Second floor-
diaphragm nailing
Shear wall
Diaphragm-
nailing
Floor-to-floor tie
sheathing
Framing anchor
End blocking
Framing joist
Shear wall
Double top plate
nailing

Shear wall
Stud sheathing

Sill plate
Shear wall
nailing
Concrete footing.

Isometric view of floor to floor tie

Anchor bolt-

Elevation of typical connection for a two-story

wood shear wall building

12 I Pa ge
21

A wood structural panel horizontal diaphragm has a length of 40 ft. What is

the minimum width allowed by AF&PA SDPWS, if the diaphragm framing

arrangement is blocked?
A 10 ft
B 13.3 ft
C 120 ft
D 160 ft

22

What is the maximum height to width ratio of a WSP shear wall with

unblocked framing arrangement?

A 2:1
B 4:1

2.5:1
D 3:1

23

Figure shows an elevation of WSP shear walls. Which of the following wall
segments does NOT comply with NDS SDPWS provisions for the maximum

aspect ratio?

A Wall D

B Wall D and Wall C

Wall A, Wall B. and Wall C
D Wall A and Wall B

Wall Wall Wall

6'

13/ Page
24

A single story residential building with 7/16" WSP sheathing shear wall
with 8d galvanized box nails applied directly to the framing members at 3

in. spacing OC at the panel edges. What is the maximum allowable shear
for seismic forces for the wood structural panel shear wall?

A 450 plf
B 490 plf
505 plf
D 550 plf

25

A single story wood frame with WSP diaphragm is shown in the Figure. For
a ASD unit shear at the boundary due to seismic loading = 420 plf, which of

the following nailing requirements are most economical for the roof along
the diaphragm boundaries? Structural I grade with blocked framing
Use

arrangement. 8d common nail with 2x Douglas-Fir framing members with

3/8" nominal panel thickness.
A 2.0 in.

B 2.5 in.

4.0 in.

6.0 in.

sheathing

14 I Pa ge
 AEI
ADVAN CED EN GINEERIN G INSTITU TE

CHAPTER W

WOOD DESIGN

HOMEWORK SOLUTION

Structura l PE S prin g 2 0 2 2
IDC ZU1, INL 2UI5
 WOOD DESIGN

Multiple Choice Questions

Solutions

Dimension lumber: any material that has a nominal thickness (smaller dimension) of 2 to 4
inches. (i.e., less than 5").

2 (A)

Wet service conditions represent in-service moisture content ≥ 16% for glulam.

3 (B)

The Adjusted Bending Design values, F

6 x 14 timber beam: Visually graded timber
NDS Supplement Table 1B: 5-1/2" x 13-1/2"
Bending:

= 1600 psi DFL Select Structural, NDS Supplement Table 4D

Snow Load: CD = 1.15 NDS Table 2.3.2

Dry Condition: MC= 16% < 19% timber. Cm = 1.0 for bending
Size factor: 6 x 14 Cr = (12/d)1/9 = (12/d) 0.987
NDS Supplement Table 4D - adjustment factors.

Normal temperature: C,= 1.0

Beam lateral support: C, = 0.85

Incising factor: C:= 1.0

Repetitive factor: C, = 1.0

F'b 1600 psi * 1.15 * 1.0 1.0 * 0.85 * 0.987 * 1.0 * 1.0 = 1544 psi

21 Page
4 (A)

The Adjusted Compression Design values, F'..

4 x 12 Visually graded dimension lumber

NDS Supplement Table 1B: 3-1/2" x 11-1/4"

Compression parallel to grain:
F. CD CM C CF C CP

= 1400 psi SP No. 1, Width = 12"9

Live Load: 1.0 NDS Table 2.3.2
Wet Condition: Cm = 0.8 for compression
Size factor: 1.0 4 x 12 for compression
NDS Supplement Table 4B - adjustment factors.
Normal temperature: C, = 1.0

Incising factor: C = 1.0

Column stability factor Cp= 1.0
1400 psi 1.0 * 0.8 * 1.0 * 1.0 * 1.0 * 1.0 = 1120 psi

5 (D)

The Adjusted tension Design values, F'..

5-1/2x13-1/2 24F-1.8E GLM beam
Bending:
F', = F, CD CM C

F, = 1100 psi Stress Class, NDS Supplement Table 5A

Construction Load: CD = 1.25 NDS Table 2.3.2

Wet Condition: CM = 0.8 for tension

NDS Supplement Table 5A - adjustment factors.

Temperature factor: C, = 0.9 NDS Table 2.3.3
* 1.25 * 0.8 * 0.9 =
990 psi
F'. 1100 psi

3 Page
6 (C)
p
1/3 1/3 1/3

4x10 DFL NDS Supplement Table 1B: 3-1/2" x 9-1/4"

The unbraced length lu = 4 ft - 43 12 = 48 in.

In /d = 48 / 9.25 = 5.2 < 7

NDS Table 3.3.3 The effective unbraced length le = 1.68 I. (single span beam, with equal
concentrated loads at 1/3 points with lateral supports at 1/3 points.

le = 1.68 * 48 = 80.64 in.

Beam slenderness ratio, Rg:

80.64 * 9.25
= = 7.8 < 50 ok
62 3.52

7 (D)
The adjusted modulus of elasticity for the y-axis to use for the stability calculations

Ey min = Ey min CM C, C; CT

Note for Dimension lumber, Ey= Er Emin

E min = 620,000 ps1

Wet conditions: Cm= 0.9 Emin NDS Supplement Table 4A adjustment factors

Normal temperature: C = 1.0

E min = 620,000 * 0.9 * 1.0 * 1.0 * 1.0 = 558,000 psi
The critical buckling design value:
1.20E min 1.20 * 558,000
= 11006 psi
7.82
8 (C)
Fe The allowable crushing strength, that is the reference compressive stress parallel to grain,
Fe. multiplied by all applicable adjustment factors except Cp.

Fe = F. CD Cm C
4 DF L1CL-1.9E (6 1ams) GLM
F. = 2100 psi Axial Combination, NDS Supplement Table 5B
Construction Load: CD = 1.25 NDS Table 2.3.2
Wet Condition: CM = 0.73 for compression
NDS Supplement Table 5B - adjustment factors.
Temperature factor: C = 1.0 NDS Table 2.3.3
F* 2100 psi * 1.25 * 0.73 * 1.0 = 1916 psi

9 (A)

5.5" 60"
120"

60"

2x6 Hem-Fir Stud NDS Supplement Table 1B: 1-1/2" x 5-1/2"

Euler critical buckling stress for columns

0.822 E' min

(leld)2
E min = Emin CM C, C CT

440,000 ps1 Hem-Fir Stud, NDS Supplement Table 4A

E min =

Dry conditions: CM= 1.0 NDS Supplement Table 4A - adjustment factors

Normal temperature: C= 1.0,
Ci = 1.0, CT = 1.0
5 Page
 min = 440,000 4 1.0 * 1.0 * 1.0 * 1.0 = 440,000 psi

(lod) max :
Ke: pin-pin condition = 1.0
I about x-axis = 120 in. member width, d= 5.5 in.
In about y-axis = 60 in. member width, d = 1.5 in.
(lod) x = 1.0 * 120 / 5.5 = 21.8
= 1.0 * 60 / 1.5 = 40 govern.

0.822 * 440000
= 226.1 psi
(40)2

10 (C)
2 x 6 beam: Visually graded dimensional lumber
NDS Supplement Table 1B: 1-1/2" x 5-1/2"
St, provided = 7.56 in.

Bending:
F'b =

Fo = 1000 psi DFL No. 1, NDS Supplement Table 4A

Rafter is loaded edgewise, simple beam with compression face supported laterally with sheathing
sO, CL = 1.0

Repetitive member (at 16" ≤ 24"), C, = 1.15

F', 1000 psi 1.25 * 1.0 * 1.0 * 1.0 * 1.3 * 1.0 * 1.15 =
1868.75 psi

Design moment:

45 * 142 / 8 = 1102.5 lbs.ft = 13230 lbs.in.

S.. required = 13230 / 1868.75 = 7.08 in3. < Sx, provided

11 (A)
IBC Deflection limit for live load, Table 1604.3 = L/360 = 10'/360 = 0.028 ft = 0.34 in.

5 w LA
384 E' I

E = 1.7 x 10° psi DFL No. 1, NDS Supplement Table 4A

E' E CMC, CI= 1,700,000 * 1.0 * 1.0 * 1.0 = 1,700,000 psi

61 Pag
 5 * 30/12 * (10 * 12)'
= = 11.68 in4
384 E'4 384: 1,700,000 * 0.34

12 (C)

Fel Reference design value for compression perpendicular to grain multiplied by all

applicable adjustment factors.

Fel = Fc CMC Ci Ch
Fel = 625 psi DFL No. 1, NDS Supplement, Table 4A

= 625 * 1.0 * 1.0 * 1.0 * 1.0625 = 664 psi

Reference compression design value multiplied by all applicable adjustment

factors except Cp.

F. CD CMC CFCi
Fe = 1500 psi DFL No. 1, NDS Supplement, Table 4A

= 1500 * 1.25 * 1.0 * 1.0* 1.2 * 1.0 = 2250 psi

F*. F',
cl

F* sin- 0 + F cl cos- 0
2250 * 664
Fo = 806 psi
2250 sin? 60 + 664 cos2 60

13 (D)

The actual tensile stress:

T
A,
NDS Supplement Table iC (western species)
A = 15 in-
Hole diameter = 3/4 + 1/8 = 0.75 + 0.125 = 0.875"
in2
An = 15 - 0.875*2.5 = 12.8125
7000
= 546.3 psi
12.8125
F. = 1650 psi
5DF Axial Combination, NDS Supplement Table 5B

Fi = Ft Cp Cy Ct

CD = 1.0 live loads NDS Table 2.3.2

From NDS
Supplement Table 5B Adjustment factors
CM = 0.8 wet conditions
C = 1.0 no
information is given
F. = 1650 1.0 * 0.8 * 1.0* 1.0 = 1320 psi

14 (B)
2x4 Visually graded swan lumber NDS Supplement Table 1B: 1-1/2" x 3-1/2"
Euler critical buckling stress for columns
0.822 F'min

(Leld)2
E min = Emin CM C, Ci CT

E min = 440,000 psi Given

Dry conditions: CM= 1.0 Normal temperature: C,= 1.0, Ci 1.0, CT = 1.0
E min 440,000 * 1.0 * 1.0 * 1.0 * 1.0 = 440,000 psi

(ldd) mar :
Ke: pin-pin condition = 1.0
In about x-axis = 96 in. member width, d= 3.5 in.
I about y-axis = 48 in. member width, d = 1.5 in.
= 1.0 * 96 / 3.5 = 27.43

= 1.0 * 48 / 1.5 = 32 govern.

0.822 * 440000
= 353.2 psi
(32)2

15 (B)
NDS Supplement Table 1B: 1-1/2" x 3-1/2"

F Reference compression design value multiplied by all applicable adjustment factors

except Cp.
F. CD CMC CFC;

8 Page
F. = 1350 psi DFL No. 2, NDS Supplement, Table 4A

= 1350 * 1.15 * 1.0 * 1.0 * 1.15 1.0 1785 psi

1785 0.33 = 589 psi (Governs)

P 589 * (1.5 * 3.5) = 3093 Ibs

16 (C)

Load is given at the service level (ASD) = 2000 lbs

16d common nail: L = 3.5", D= 0.162" NDS App. L, Table L4
From NDS Table 12P, for common nail 16d and side plate of 12 gage (0.105"):
Z = 149 lbs

Full penetration capacity: 10D = 10 * 0.162 in. = 1.62".

Available nail length (Actual nail penetration) = 3.5" - 0.105 (side member thickness) = 3.395"
By inspection, the nail available length is fully penetrating the 2-3x6 double top plate (thickness
of 5") and the 4x10 ledger (thickness = 9.25").
Thus, use full capacity of the nail

Z' = 149 * 1.0 * 1.0 * 1.0 1.0 * 1.0 * 1.0 = 149 lbs.
149 = 13.42
Required number of nails = 2000
Use 14 nails on each side of the strap.

17 (B)
1"2 diameter bolt in a 2.5 in DFL side
From NDS Table 12E, the reference design value for
member loaded perpendicular to grain:
= 1130 lbs

Co = 1.0 Live occupancy load

= 1130 lbs * 1.0 * 1.0 * 1.0 * 1.0 * 1.0 = 1130 Ibs.

The allowable load on the ledger, W, plf = 1130 / 3ft interval = 375 plf

9 page
18 (C)
195
Bolt capacity in the 8 x 12 main DFL member
For tm = 7½ in. and ts = 3½/ in.

NDS Table 12A

Z = 2660 lbs members loaded to grain (0°)

Zm1 = 1630 lbs main member loaded 1 to grain (90°)

The
Hankinson formula (NDS App. J, Eq. J-4) gives the reference lateral design value at an
angle to grain as follows.
6, the angle between the direction of load and the direction of grain, is 60°.

The adjusted lateral design value at an angle to grain is

(2660)(1630)
560 )(sin2 60°) + (1630 )(cos2

Z' = Z * CpCMC.CgCA = 1805 * (1.15)(1.0) (1.0) (1.0) (1.0) = 2075 lbs

19 (C)

OTM = 1.6 kips 37 = 4.8 kip.in

Tension force = 4.8 / (8.25-0.5) = 0.619 kips

20 (A)

Figure shows an elevation of a light framed (wood) shear wall. When subjected to
lateral seismic force, V:

the panel edge nailing along with the sheathing transfer the in-plane shear
force to the foundation thorough the sill plate and sill (anchor) bolts.
the overturning moment of the seismic force is resisted as tension and
compression forces at the double end posts, then through the hold down
devices to the foundation.
> in the case of a second story, the overturning tension and compression forces
are transferred from the second story to first story end posts using a metal

strap. The metal strap acts as a tension tie to prevent uplift at the tension
force side of the wall.

10 Pa ge
 -intermediate nailing
-Double top plate
-Paneling edge nailing
Collector
Diaphragm
Reaction

Double end
post
Plywood-

C h o rd
h
sheathing

Hold--
Anchor- Sill
down
bolt
-Stud- plate

r2" min -Concrete

foundation

21 (A)

Blocked diaphragm 4:1. Length is 40 ft, Thus, minimum width is 10 ft

22 (A)

Unblocked shear wall aspect ratio is 2:1

23 (A)
AF&PA SDPWS Table 4.3.4 WSP shear wall aspect ratio is limited to 3.5:1.0

Wall A: 12:6 Ok, Wall B: 12:5 Ok, Wall C: 12/4 Ok, Wall D: 12:3 NG.

24 (A)
From SDPWS Table 4.3A: (applied directly to framing),
nail @ 3" oC
Use: 7/16" WSP sheathing (second row in the Table) 8d galvanized box
at all panel edges.

Nominal capacity = 900 plf.

Allowable unit wall shear = 0.5

*
900 plf = 450 plf.

11 Page
25 (B)
Unit Shear at diaphragm boundary
= 600 * 80 /2 = 24,000 lbs
= 24000 40' = 600

ASD Unit shear = 0.7 600 plf 420 plf

Most economical nailing requirements for the roof along the diaphragm boundaries
using:

Structural I grade with blocked framing arrangement. 8d common nail with 2x

Douglas-Fir framing members with 3/8" nominal panel thickness.

From SDPWS Table 4.2A:

Nominal capacity = 1060 plf Allowable = 0.5 * 1060 = 530 plf > 420 plf

Use 2.5" nail spacing at the diaphragm boundary

12 Page