Social Science Class 10 Important

Questions Economics Chapter 1

Development Class 10 Important
Questions
Very Short Answer Questions (VSA) 1 Mark

Question 1.
Define the term National Income?
Answer:
National income is defined as the total value of all final goods and services
produced with a country plus net income from transactions like (export and import)
with other countries.

Question 2.
Define GDP. (2012)
Answer:
GDP or Gross Domestic Product is the total value of all final goods and services
produced during a particular year in a country.

Question 3.
What is the main criterion used by the World Bank in classifying different
countries? (2012)
Answer:
The World Bank uses average income or per capita income as a criterion for
classifying different countries.

Question 4.
Why is the total income of countries not used to make comparisons between them?
(2012)
Answer:
The total income of countries is not used to make comparisons between them,
because the population of different countries is different and does not give a clear
picture if comparisons are made on this basis.

Question 5.
Literacy rate measures the proportion of literate population in which age group?
(2012)
Answer:
The age group of 7 years and above.
Question 6.
Which state of India has the lowest infant mortality rate? (2013)
Answer:
Kerala

Question 7.
What is Human Development Index? (2013)
Answer:
Human Development Index is a composite index of achievements of a nation in
terms of three important variables, namely—longevity, knowledge and standard of
living, that determine the quality of life.

Question 8.
Name the report published by UNDP which compares countries based on the
educational levels of the people, their health status and per capita income. (2013)
Answer:
Human Development Report

Question 9.
What term is used to describe the ‘average number of years a person is expected to
live at birth’? (2013)
Answer:
Life Expectancy

Question 10.
What is the advantage of per capita income? Mention any one. (2014)
Answer:
It helps to compare the development of countries as per capita income tells us
whether people in one country are better off than others in a different country.

Question 11.
What do final goods and services mean? (2014)
Answer:
The various production activities in the primary, secondary and tertiary sector
produce large number of goods and services for consumption and investment are
final goods and services.

Question 12.
Why is sustainable development essential? Give one reason. (2015)
Answer:
Sustained development aims at economic development without damaging the
environment and at the same time conserving for the future. Resources are to be
used in such a way that they are not overexploited.
Question 13.
Why is per capita income of different countries calculated in dollars and not in their
own currencies by the World Bank? (Board Question)
Answer:
Per capita income of different countries is calculated in dollars and not in their own
currencies because the dollar has been the strongest and stablest currency since
the end of the 2nd World War and it becomes easy to compare the per capita
incomes of various countries when these are converted into a common currency,
i.e., US dollar ($).

Question 14.
“What may be development for one may not be development for the other.” Explain
with a suitable example. (Board Question)
Answer:
Different persons have different notions of development because life situations of
persons are different. For example, Construction of dams leads to generation of
hydroelectricity, thus development. However many people have to be displaced
from their villages, hence it may not be development for them.

Question 15.
What is meant by sustainability of development? (Board Question)
Answer:
This signifies that the level of economic development of a country should be
maintained or sustained in all the years. Development in the present should not
compromise with the needs of the future generations.

Question 16.
Define:

1. Infant mortality rate

2. Literacy rate
3. Net attendance ratio
4. BMI

Answer:

1. Infant mortality rate. It indicates the number of children that die before the
age of 1 year as a proportion of 1000 live children bom in that particular year.
2. Literacy rate. It measures the proportion of literate population in the 7 and
above age group.
3. Net Attendance ratio. It is the total number of children of age group 6 to 10
attending school as a percentage of total number of children in the same age
group.
4. BMI stands for Body Mass Index. It is calculated by dividing the weight of a
person in kilograms (kgs) by the square of his/her height in metres. It is an
indicator of the level of nourishment in adults.
Short Answer Questions (SA) 3 Marks

Question 18.
Why do we use averages? Are there any limitations to their use? Illustrate with your
own examples related to development. (NCERT Question)
Answer:

1. Total income is not a useful measure for comparison between countries.

Since countries have different populations, comparing total income does not
tell what an average person is likely to earn. Hence, we use average income
which is total income of the country divided by total population.
2. The defect of average as a measure is that it does not show the distribution
(dispersion) of income between the rich and the poor.
3. Two countries may have the same average income but in one country almost
every family may enjoy more or less the same kind of income, whereas in the
other, some may be very rich and others very poor. The disparity between rich
and poor is an important feature that the average measure (per capita
income) does not consider.
Example: In terms of development, we can take the example of India, where
the metro towns are full of high-rise buildings and shopping malls while some
areas are lacking with basic facilities.

Question 19.
What is per capita income? Mention any two limitations of per capita income as an
indicator of development. (2012)
Answer:
The total income of a country divided by its total population gives the Per Capita Income.
Money cannot buy all the goods and services that are needed to live well. So income by
itself is not a completely adequate indicator of material goods and services that citizens
are able to use. For example, money can not buy a pollution-free environment or ensure
that one gets unadulterated medicines, unless one can afford to shift to a community that
already has all these things.

Question 20.
Kerala, with lower per capita income, has a better human development ranking than
Punjab. Hence, per capita income is not a useful criterion at all and should not be
used to compare States. Do you agree? Discuss. NCERT Question
Answer:
Per capita income is not a useful criterion at all to measure the human development
ranking of a state. High per capita income is not the only attribute to a good quality
life. Money cannot buy all the essential things required for a good life. Pollution-
free atmosphere to ensure good health, protection from infectious diseases,
lowering of mortality rate, promotion of literacy, etc. are essential for a good
standard of living. In order to achieve these, joint efforts have to be made by all
members of a community, be it rich or poor.
Kerala ranks higher compared to Punjab even with a lower per capita income. It has
given adequate provision for health and education, public distribution system also
functions well in Kerala.
Question 21.
On the basis of which three indicators of HDI 2004 Sri Lanka has better rank than
India? (2014)
Answer:
Three indicators of HDI 2004 in which Sri Lanka has better rank than India:

1. Per capita income—The per capita income of Sri Lanka in US dollars was
4,390 US dollars while that of India was 3,139 US dollars.
2. Life expectancy at birth—The life expectancy at birth for Sri Lanka was 74,
higher than that of India at 64.
3. Gross enrolment ratio for three levels—Sri Lanka had Gross Enrolment ratio of
69 while that of India was 60.

Question 22.
‘Conflicting goals can also be developmental goals’. Elaborate with examples.
(2014)
Answer:
All persons do not have the same notion of development or progress. Each one of
them seeks different things. The seek things that are most important for them, i.e.,
that which can fulfil their aspirations or desires. In fact at times two persons or
groups of persons may seek things which are conflicting.

A girl expects as much freedom and opportunity as her brother and that he also
shares in the household work. Her brother may not like this.

To get more electricity, industrialists may want more dams. But this may submerge
the land and disrupt the lives of people who are displaced, such as tribals. They
might resent this and may prefer small check dams or tanks to irrigate their land.

Question 23.
What are common developmental goals? Give any two suitable examples of
common developmental goals. (2015)
Answer:
There are certain goals which are the same or common for all. These are common
developmental goals. The developmental goals that people have are not only about
better income but also about other important things in life. More income or more
material goods do not always give us a good quality life.

There are other aspects such as equal treatment, freedom, security, opportunity to
learn, good working conditions, pollution-free atmosphere, job security and good
social life which are very important for a good quality life. Money or material things
that one can buy with it, is one factor on which our life depends. But quality of our
life also depends on non-material things, for example, the role of our friends in our
life which cannot be measured but mean a lot to us.
Question 24.
“Money cannot buy all the goods and services that one needs to live well” Do you
agree with this statement? Justify your answer with any three suitable arguments.
(2015)
Answer:
Yes, I agree with the statement because money income and material goods alone
are not an adequate indicator of a good quality of life. Money cannot buy all the
goods and services one needs to live well.

• Money cannot buy a pollution free and dean environment with fresh air.
• It cannot protect us from infectious diseases and guarantee good health for
us.
• Money cannot assure that medicines available in the market are not
adulterated.
To live well one needs non-material factors such as equal treatment, freedom,
security, equal opportunity to learn, a pollution free environment, good and
safe working conditions etc.

The statement that money cannot buy all the goods and
services that one needs to live well is true for several reasons,
including:
1. Non-material things: Money can't buy things like freedom,
security, respect, and peace.
2. Health: Money can buy access to healthcare, but it can't
guarantee health, which is influenced by many factors including
genetics, lifestyle, and environment.
3. Education: Money can buy a good education, but it can't
guarantee that someone will be well- educated, which is
influenced by many factors including motivation, effort, and
access to good teachers.
4. Relationships: Money can't buy good relationships, which are
built on trust, love, and respect.
5. Happiness: Money can buy things that may make someone
happy, but it can't guarantee happiness, which is influenced by
many factors including genetics, personality, and life
experiences.
6. Pollution-free environment: Money can't buy a pollution-free
environment unless someone can afford to move to a
community that already has one.

Question 25.
Apart from income, which other six things people look for as important aspects of
our lives? (2014, 2012)
Answer:
High per capita income is not the only attribute to a good quality life. Money cannot
buy all the essential things required for a good life. Pollution-free atmosphere to
ensure good health, protection from infectious diseases, lowering of mortality rate,
promotion of literacy, job security, good working conditions, etc. are essential for a
good standard of living.

Question 26.
One what basis the rich and low income countries have been categorized in the
world? What are the limitations of this approach? According to the World
Development Report, 2006, India comes in which category? Give reason for the
same. (2015, 2014)
Answer:
The World Bank uses average income or per capita income as a criterion for
classifying different countries. Countries with per capita income of ?4,53,000 per
annum and above (in the year 2004) are called rich countries and those with per
capita income of ?37,000 or less are called low income countries (India comes
under low income countries; the per capita income in India is ?28,000 per annum).
Those falling in between ₹37,000 – ₹4,53,000 are placed in the middle category.

Limitations of this criterion.

1. While averages are useful for comparison, they also hide disparities. Two
countries may have identical average income, but one country may have
equitable distribution where people are neither very rich nor very poor, while
in the other country most citizens are very poor and very few are extremely
rich,
2. Better income cannot ensure a good quality life. Criterion set by the World
Bank has ignored certain attributes of a good life which do not depend on
income or cannot be . bought with money.
Example, freedom, equal treatment, equal opportunities, free atmosphere,
provision of unadulterated medicines, etc.

Question 27.
Why do people look at a mix of goals for development? Explain.
Answer:
Though income is one of the most important components of development, but
there are other important goals which people look at for development—

1. People also seek things like equal treatment, freedom, security and respect.
2. Women need a safe and secure environment to take up a variety of jobs or to
run businesses as entrepreneurs.
3. People seek a pollution free environment.
4. Students seek better education and equal opportunities to learn.

Long Answer Questions (LA) 5 Marks

Question 28.
Why do different persons have different notions of development? Which of the
following explanations is more important and why?
(a) Because people are different.
(b) Because life situations of persons are different.
Answer:
The correct explanation is ‘Because life situations of persons are different.’
Developmental goals are different for different categories of people because of
their different aspirations. Aspirations are based on their needs. At times people
may have conflicting developmental goals also. What may be development for one
may not be development for another. It may even be destructive for the other.

Example, Industrialists may want construction of more dams for more electricity,
but this may lead to displacement of tribals who live in those areas and thereby
disrupt their lives.

Example, The inhabitants of Nandigram in West Bengal are mainly agriculturists

and their aspirations are to see development in the field of agriculture, whereas to
some it may appear that industrial advancement is more necessary for national
development.

Question 29.
What does HDI stand for? Explain the main criteria of measuring HDI according to
UNDP Report of 1990. (2015)
Answer:
HDI Stand for Human Development Index.
Main criteria of measuring HDI:

1. HDI published by UNDP compares countries based on the educational levels

of the people, their health status and per capita income.
2. HDI determines the rank of a country by its overall achievement in three
areas, i.e., life expectancy, educational level and per capita income.
3. Many improvements have been suggested in calculating HDI and many new
components have been added to Human Development Report.
4. Pre-fixing Human to Development, it has made it clear that what is important
in development is what is happening to citizens of a country, i.e., the health
and well being of the people is most important.

Question 30.
Explain with examples that there are other important development goals also
besides income. (2014)
Answer:
More income or more material goods do not always give us a good quality life.
There are other aspects such as equal treatment, freedom, security, opportunity to
learn, good working conditions, pollution-free atmosphere, job security and good
social life which are very important for a good quality life.

Money or material things that one can buy with it, is one factor on which our life
depends. But quality of our life also depends on non-material things, for example,
the role of our friends in our life which cannot be measured but mean a lot to us.
Another example, if we get a job in a far off place, before accepting it we would try
consider many factors apart from income such as facilities for our family, working
atmosphere, or opportunity to learn. Similarly, for development, people look at a
mix of goals. It is true that if women are engaged in paid work, their dignity
increases. However, it is also the case that if there is respect for women there
would be more sharing of house work and greater acceptance of women.

The developmental goals that people have are not only about better income but
also about other important things in life.

Question 31.
Explain any five fields other than income where development is needed. (2012)
Answer:
Fields other than income where development is needed:

1. Education. The government must provide adequate education facilities in all

rural and urban areas. The government must necessarily focus on education
for girls so that all girls are able to acquire atleast secondary level schooling.
Running proper schools and providing quality education, particularly
elementary education, is the duty of the Government.
2. Health. Basic health care facilities are a must for all. Establishment of
government hospitals, clinics and dispensaries, especially in rural areas, to
provide subsidized and unadulterated medicines to the poorer sections of
society.
3. Nutrition. An effective Public Distribution System—proper functioning of
ration shops and equitable distribution of foodgrains is very essential.
4. Transportation. A well developed public transport system to make it easy for
general public to commute.
5. Electricity. It is the duty of the government to provide electricity and water at
reasonable rates to the common man and prevent him from exploitation by
private companies.

Question 32.
Explain with reasons why state of Punjab with a very high per capita income has a
low literacy rate. (2016, 2017 D)
Answer:
Per capita income is not a useful criterion at all to measure the human development
ranking of a state. High per capita income is not the only attribute to a good quality
life. Money cannot buy all the essential things required for a good life.

This can be seen in the case of Punjab which has a very high per capita income but
a low literacy rate. Having money in one’s pocket cannot buy all the goods and
services that we need to live well. Money cannot ensure education and literacy.
Another reason for low literacy rate in Punjab could be the lack of free and
compulsory educational facilities. The government needs to open more schools
and provide other facilities so that all children have a chance to study.
Pollution-free atmosphere to ensure good health, protection from infectious
diseases, lowering of mortality rate, promotion of literacy, etc. are essential for a
good standard of living. In order to achieve these, joint efforts have to be made by
all members of a community, be it rich or poor.

1. What is meant by "Development"?

• Answer: Development refers to a process that brings about positive change, growth,
and progress, often involving economic growth and improvement in people's lives. It
encompasses various aspects like increased income, better health and education,
and a higher standard of living.

2. What are some common developmental goals for different people?

• Answer: Different people have different developmental goals based on their
individual circumstances. For example:
o A landless laborer might prioritize more work days and better wages.

o An educated, urban, unemployed youth might aim for better job

opportunities.

o A farmer might want higher prices for their produce or access to irrigation.

3. Why do different people have different notions of development?

• Answer: Different people have different notions of development because they have
different life situations and aspirations. What might be considered progress for one
person could be detrimental to another.

4. What is the Human Development Index (HDI)?

• Answer: The HDI is a composite index developed by the United Nations
Development Programme (UNDP) to measure a country's overall achievements in
terms of longevity (life expectancy), knowledge (education), and standard of living
(income).

5. What is the difference between per capita income and average income?
• Answer: Per capita income is calculated by dividing the total national income by the
total population, while average income is a broader term that can refer to the
average income within a specific group or region.

6. What are some limitations of using per capita income as the sole
measure of development?
 • Answer: While per capita income is an important indicator, it doesn't reflect the
distribution of income within a country. It doesn't account for factors like
healthcare, education, and environmental quality, which are also crucial for
development.

7. What is sustainable development?

• Answer: Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the
present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own
needs. It emphasizes balancing economic growth with environmental protection
and social equity.

8. What are some examples of things that money cannot buy?

• Answer: Money cannot buy a pollution-free environment, unadulterated medicines,
protection from infectious diseases, or genuine respect and security.

9. Why is it important to consider factors beyond income when assessing

development?
• Answer: Income is just one aspect of development. Factors like health, education,
environmental quality, and social justice are also crucial for a holistic understanding
of a country's progress.

10. What is the role of the World Bank in classifying countries?

• Answer: The World Bank uses per capita income as a primary criterion for
classifying countries into different income groups (e.g., high-income, middle-
income, low-income).

11. What is the Public Distribution System (PDS) and why is it important?
• Answer: The PDS is a government program that provides subsidized food grains
and other essential items to low-income families. It is important for ensuring food
security and alleviating poverty.

12. What is the difference between "more days of work" and "better wages"
as developmental goals?
• Answer: "More days of work" refers to the need for consistent employment
opportunities, while "better wages" refers to the need for fair and adequate
compensation for the work done. Both are important for improving the economic
well-being of individuals.
 Multiple Choice Questions

1. What is the most common indicator used to compare the

development of different countries?
• (a) Total population
(b) Total income
(c) Per capita income
(d) Literacy rate
Answer: (c) Per capita income
• 2. Which organization publishes the Human Development Report?
• (a) World Bank
(b) UNICEF
(c) UNDP
(d) IMF
Answer: (c) UNDP
• 3. What does per capita income hide?
• (a) Average income
(b) Total income
(c) Disparities
(d) Population
Answer: (c) Disparities
• 4. Which of the following is NOT a component of the Human
Development Index (HDI)?
• (a) Life expectancy
(b) Education
(c) Income
(d) Gender
Answer: (d) Gender
• 5. What is the main objective of development?
• (a) Increase in income and wealth
(b) Reduction of inequalities
(c) Both A and B
(d) None of the above
Answer: (c) Both A and B
• 6. Which state in India has the highest human development index
(HDI)?
• (a) Kerala
(b) Maharashtra
(c) Tamil Nadu
 (d) Uttar Pradesh
Answer: (a) Kerala
• 7. What does sustainable development aim to achieve?
• (a) Development that meets the needs of the present without
compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own
needs
(b) Development that focuses only on economic growth
(c) Development that prioritizes the interests of the elite
(d) None of the above
Answer: (a) Development that meets the needs of the present
without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their
own needs
• 8. What is the main developmental goal for a landless agricultural
laborer?
• (a) High prices for crops
(b) More days of work
(c) Cheap labor
(d) Pollution-free environment
Answer: (b) More days of work

1. What are the different developmental goals for different people? Give
examples.
Answer: Different people have different developmental goals because
their situations and needs vary. For example:
Landless rural laborers: May want more days of work and better wages, and for their
children to be educated.

Successful farmers: May want higher support prices for their crops and access to
irrigation.

Urban unemployed youth: May prioritize job opportunities and vocational training.

A girl from a rich urban family: May want freedom and opportunities to study
abroad.

2. Why is per capita income not a completely reliable measure of

development? Give examples.
Answer: While per capita income (average income) is a commonly used
indicator, it doesn't capture the full picture of development because:
It doesn't show income distribution: A high per capita income can hide vast
inequalities, with a few individuals holding most of the wealth while the majority
 struggle. For example, a country with a high per capita income may have a large
number of impoverished people.

It doesn't account for non-income factors: Development also includes aspects like
health, education, and environmental quality, which are not reflected in income
figures. For example, a country with a high per capita income may still have poor
health indicators or high levels of pollution.

It's an average: The average doesn't represent the reality of most people's lives.

3. What are the three basic requirements for development, as highlighted

in the chapter?
Answer: The three basic requirements for development, according to the
chapter, are:
Higher income:

Increased income provides access to better living standards, including food, shelter,
healthcare, and education.

Better education:

Education empowers individuals, improves their opportunities, and contributes to a

more productive workforce.

Better healthcare:
Access to quality healthcare reduces illness and disability, leading to a healthier and
more productive population.

4. What is the role of public facilities in development? Give examples.

Answer: Public facilities play a crucial role in development by ensuring
equitable access to essential services and resources. Examples include:
Public distribution system (PDS):

Provides subsidized food grains to vulnerable populations, ensuring food security.

Healthcare facilities:

Government hospitals and clinics offer affordable healthcare services to all,

regardless of their income.

Education:

Government schools provide free or subsidized education, promoting literacy and

social mobility.

Transportation:
 Public transport (buses, trains) allows people to travel to work and access
opportunities, especially for those who cannot afford private vehicles.

. What is meant by "sustainable development"? Explain with examples.

Answer: Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of
the present without compromising the ability of future generations to
meet their own needs. It means using resources wisely and ensuring that
economic growth does not harm the environment or deplete resources for
future generations.

Examples of unsustainable development practices:

Overuse of groundwater:

Excessive extraction of groundwater for agriculture and other uses can lead to
depletion of groundwater resources, causing water scarcity in the future.

Exhaustion of natural resources:

Over-exploitation of resources like coal, petroleum, and minerals can lead to their
depletion, affecting future availability and potentially causing environmental damage.

Pollution:
Industrial and other human activities can lead to air, water, and land pollution, harming
ecosystems and human health.

4. Why is per capita income not a sufficient measure of

development? Explain with examples.
Answer: While per capita income (average income) is a widely used
indicator of development, it has limitations. It doesn't reflect the actual
distribution of income within a country and can mask inequalities.

Examples of why per capita income is not a sufficient measure:

Income inequality:

A country may have a high per capita income, but a large portion of the population
may be living in poverty, with a very low income.

Public facilities:

High per capita income doesn't guarantee access to public facilities like healthcare,
education, and sanitation, which are crucial for overall development.

Non-material aspects:
Per capita income doesn't account for non-material aspects of life like social security,
freedom, and equality, which are important for overall well-being.

Environmental factors:
High per capita income may be achieved at the cost of environmental degradation,
which is not sustainable in the long run.

Question: Consequences of Environmental degradation do not respect to national or

state boundaries. Explain this statement.
Environmental degradation, such as pollution and resource depletion, does not
recognize national or state boundaries. This is because pollutants and their effects
can travel across borders, impacting ecosystems and human populations far from
their source. For example, air and water pollution, deforestation, and climate
change are global issues that affect everyone, regardless of political boundaries.

Here’s why:

Air and water pollution:

Pollutants emitted in one country can be carried by wind and water currents,
affecting air and water quality in neighboring countries and even globally. Acid rain,
caused by sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides, is a prime example, impacting areas
far from the source of emissions.

Deforestation:

Deforestation in one region can alter rainfall patterns and lead to soil erosion,
affecting not only the local environment but also neighboring areas and even
distant regions through changes in weather patterns and river systems.

Climate change:

Greenhouse gas emissions from any part of the world contribute to global warming
and climate change, which have far-reaching and interconnected consequences for
all nations, such as rising sea levels, extreme weather events, and disruptions to
ecosystems.

Resource depletion:

Overuse of natural resources like water and minerals in one area can lead to
shortages and conflicts, impacting other regions that rely on those resources.
 Biodiversity loss:

The loss of species and habitats in one region can have cascading effects on
ecosystems worldwide, leading to imbalances and disruptions in the natural world.

Examples:

Deforestation in the Amazon rainforest affects rainfall patterns in South America.

Pollution from industrial activity in one country can lead to acid rain in another.

Climate change, driven by global emissions, impacts all nations with rising sea
levels and extreme weather events.

Therefore, environmental degradation is a global issue that requires international

cooperation to address effectively. No nation can afford to ignore the consequences
of environmental damage happening elsewhere, as the interconnectedness of the
planet means that we all share the same air, water, and ecosystems.

Q4. Suggest any three ways to improve health and nutritional status of people in
India.

Explanation:
The three ways to improve health and nutritional status of people in India are
given below :
(i) Eat healthy food daily, keep your body healthy.
(ii) When we eat fruits check whether it is clean or not. If you eat unclear
fruits you will suffer from disease.
(iii) Eat daily some vitamin C rich fruits like grapes, apples, oranges etc.

Question 1:
Development of a country can generally be determined by
[Link] per capita income
[Link] average literacy level
[Link] status of its people
[Link] the above
Answer 1:
d. all the above

Question 2:
Which of the following neighbouring countries has better performance in terms of
human development than India?
[Link]
[Link] Lanka
[Link]
[Link]

Answer 2:
b. Sri Lanka

Question 3:
Assume there are four families in a country. The average per capita income of these
families is Rs 5000. If the income of three families is Rs 4000, Rs 7000 and Rs 3000
respectively, what is the income of the fourth family?
(i) Rs 7500
(ii) Rs 3000
(iii) Rs 2000
(iv) Rs 6000

Answer 3:
(iv).Rs 6000

(4000+7000+3000+x) ÷ 4 = 5000
14000+x = 5000 × 4
x = 20000-14000
x = 6000

Question 5:
In what respects is the criterion used by the UNDP for measuring development
different from the one used by the World Bank?

Answer 5:
The criterion used by UNDP is different from the one used by the World Bank
because UNDP compares countries based on the educational level of the people,
their health status and per capita income. This is in contrast with the method used
by the World Bank because the World Bank only calculates the per capita income
for measuring development
Question 8:
Find out the present sources of energy that are used by the people in India. What
could be the other possibilities fifty years from now?

Answer 8:
The present sources of energy that are used by the people of India are electricity,
coal, crude oil, cowdung and solar energy. Other possibilities fifty years from now,
could include ethanol, bio-diesel, nuclear energy and better utilization of wind
energy, especially with the imminent danger of oil resources running out.

Question 9:
Why is the issue of sustainability is important for development?

Answer 9:
Sustainable development means that development should meet the needs of the
present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs.
However, since the second half of the twentieth century, a number of scientists
have been warning that the present type and levels of development are not
sustainable. The issue of sustainable development has emerged from rapid
industrialization of the world in the past century. It is felt that economic growth and
industrialization have led to the reckless exploitation of natural resources. On the
other hand, the stock of natural resources are limited. So, the growth of all countries
in the future is likely to be endangered if the limited resources are completely
exhausted.

Under these circumstances, the issue of sustainability has become important for
development. A number of resources are being overused. For example,
groundwater is under serious threat of overuse in many parts of the country i.e.,
Punjab, Haryana and western U.P. The water level has declined over 4 meters. As a
result of it if we go on overusing there will be a water crisis in future. Similarly, if
non-renewable resources are used recklessly these will also be exhausted.

Question 10:
“The Earth has enough resources to meet the needs of all but not enough to satisfy
the greed of even one person”. How is this statement relevant to the discussion of
development? Discuss.

Answer 10:
Development not just depends on the economic factors of a country, but is also
dependent on resources that are available for the people of a country to use. The
statement: “The Earth has enough resources to meet the needs of all but not
enough to satisfy the greed of even one person” is completely relevant in terms of
the development of a country because natural resources are non-renewable
resources. It is the responsibility of the people to use them only to meet their needs
and not to satisfy their greed. If natural resources are not used wisely now, the
future generations may not be able to use them for their needs, which will result in
the downfall of development of a country.

Question 11:
List a few examples of environmental degradation that you may have observed
around you.

Answer 11:
[Link] pollution has increased due to the emission of smoke from factories and
vehicles.
[Link] is an increase in water pollution due to shops and small factories in
residential areas.
[Link] is noise pollution due to the use of loudspeakers at night and blowing of
horns unnecessarily on the roads by different vehicles.
[Link] throw garbage wherever they want. Perhaps there is no provision for
dustbins in the streets or roadsides.
[Link] people urinate in the open on the roadside due to a lack of public
conveniences.

Class 10 Social Science Economics

Chapter 1 Development MCQ
1. Human Development Report is published by
(a) UNDP
(b) World Bank
(c) IMF
(d) WHO

Answer: (a) UNDP

2. India’s HDI rank in the world is:

(a) 125
(b) 115
(c) 126
(d) 134

Answer: (c) 126

3. What will be the top priority in the developmental goal of a landless
labourer?
(a) Expansion of rural banking
(b) More days of work and better wages
(c) Metal roads for transportation
(d) Establishment of a high school

Answer: (b) More days of work and better wages

4. What was the literacy rate in Kerala in 2011?

(a) 82
(b) 94
(c) 62
(d) 50

Answer: (b) 94

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5. Life expectancy at birth means:

(a) average expected length of life of a person at the time of birth
(b) average expected length of life of a person at the time of death
(c) average expected length of a child at the time of birth
(d) None of the above

Answer: (a) average expected length of life of a person at the time of birth

6. What will be the aspiration of an educated urban unemployed youth?

(a) An educated urban unemployed youth will aspire for better opportunities
in agriculture.
(b) Support from government at every step in life for his upward movement.
(c) An urban educated unemployed will aspire for good job opportunities
where his education can be made use of.
(d) Better facilities of recreation for his leisure time.

Answer: (c) An urban educated unemployed will aspire for good job
opportunities where his education can be made use of.

7. Which of the following is the most important component for comparing

different countries?
(a) Population
(b) Income
(c) Per capita income
(d) Resources

Answer: (c) Per capita income

8. Which one of the following is the most important attribute while comparing
the level of development of various countries?
(a) Population
(b) Social status of the people
(c) Political status
(d) Per capita income

Answer: (b) Social status of the people

9. Pick out the correct meaning listed below to define ‘average income’.
(a) Average income of the country means the total income of the country.
(b) The average income in a country is the income of only employed people.
(c) The average income is the same as per capita income.
(d) The average income includes the value of property held.

Answer: (c) The average income is the same as per capita income.

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10. In which state of India is the infant mortality rate lowest?

(a) Goa
(b) Bihar
(c) Uttar Pradesh
(d) Kerala

Answer: (a) Goa

11. Which one among the following is a developmental goal for the landless
rural labourers?
(a) To get electricity and water
(b) To educate their children
(c) More days of work and better wages
(d) To shift to the cities

Answer: (c) More days of work and better wages

12. Which country can be considered as a developed country in the modern

world? Select your answer from the following statements.
(a) Countries which have accumulated huge amount of wealth and always
secures the future of their citizens. These countries are considered to be
developed.
(b) Countries which are among the highest in the ‘Human Development Index’
are considered to be the developed countries.
(c) Only rich countries are considered to be developed because people have
money to buy everything needed for human beings—both material and non-
material.
(d) Iran is a rich country and therefore it is a developed country.

Answer: (b) Countries which are among the highest in the ‘Human
Development Index’ are considered to be the developed countries.

13. Which of the following countries has higher HDI rank than India?
(a) Sri Lanka
(b) Nepal
(c) Bangladesh
(d) Pakistan

Answer: (a) Sri Lanka

14. Underemployment occurs when people:

(a) do not want to work
(b) are working in a lazy manner
(c) are working less than what they are capable of doing
(d) are not paid for their work

Answer: (c) are working less than what they are capable of doing

15. Money cannot buy all the goods and services that we may need to have a
good life. A list of things required for a good life is given below. Which among
the following are things money cannot buy?
(i) Full protection from infectious diseases
(ii) High quality education
(in) A luxury home
(iv) A pollution-free atmosphere in every part of the country
(a) (i) and(ii)
(b) (ii) and (iii)
(c) (i), (ii) and (in)
(d) (i) and (iv)

Answer: (d) (i) and (iv)

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16. HDI stands for ‘Human Development Index’ that focuses on Fill in the blanks
with one of the following options:
(a) life expectancy
(b) gross enrolment ratio for three levels of schooling
(c) national income
(d) All the above

Answer: (d) All the above

17. Which of the following is most likely to be a development goal for landless
rural labourers?
(a) Higher support prices for their crops
(b) They should be able to settle their children abroad
(c) Raised wages
(d) None of these

Answer: (c) Raised wages

18. Kerala has a low infant mortality rate. What could be the reason? Find the
correct answer from the following:
(a) Kerala has a low infant mortality rate because all the girls are trained at
the primary level schooling to look after a newborn child.
(b) Because most of the girls are nurses in Kerala.
(c) Because Kerala has very high female literacy rate and adequate health
facilities are available for both mothers and children.
(d) Kerala’s good climatic condition helps infants to survive.

Answer: (c) Because Kerala has very high female literacy rate and adequate
health facilities are available for both mothers and children.

19. Pick out the correct meaning listed below to define ‘average income’.
(a) Average income of the country means the total income of the country.
(b) The average income in a country is the income of only employed people.
(c) The average income is the same as per capita income.
(d) The average income includes the value of property held.

Answer: (c) The average income is the same as per capita income.

20. According to the World Development Report a country is considered rich

when the per capita income is more than which of the following figures?
(a) Rs 24,000 per annum
(b) Rs 37,000 per annum
(c) Rs 4,53,000 per annum
(d) Rs 5,43,000 per annum

Answer: (c) Rs 4,53,000 per annum

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21. What would be the most promising source of energy fifty years from now
and why?
(a) Petroleum energy, because it is obtained from fossil fuels.
(b) Solar energy, because it is not exhaustible.
(c) Coal based energy, because it is pollution- free.
(d) Forest product based energy, because India has abundant forests.

Answer: (b) Solar energy, because it is not exhaustible.

22. What will be the top priority in the developmental goal of a landless
labourer?
(a) Expansion of rural banking
(b) More days of work and better wages
(c) Metal roads for transportation
(d) Establishment of a high school

Answer: (b) More days of work and better wages

23. Groundwater overuse in India is how much

(a) one-third of country
(b) one-fourth of country
(c) one-fifth of country
(d) two-fifth of country

Answer: (a) one-third of country

24. Pick out the cause (from below) that enhances environmental
degradation:
(a) Planting of trees.
(b) Prevention of factory wastes getting mixed up with river water.
(c) Ban on use of plastic bags.
(d) Allowing increase in the level of exhaust fumes emitted by cars, buses,
trucks, etc.

Answer: (d) Allowing increase in the level of exhaust fumes emitted by cars,
buses, trucks, etc.
25. Which one of the following statements defines ‘Literacy Rate’?
(a) Total literate population divided by total population
(b) Total literate population divided by literate population
(c) Proportion of illiterate population in the 18 and above age group.
(d) It measures the proportion of literate proportion in the 7 years and above
age group.

Answer: (d) It measures the proportion of literate proportion in the 7 years and
above age group.

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26. One common development goal among the people is:

(a) family
(b) freedom
(c) income
(d) security

Answer: (c) income

27. Which of the following things money cannot buy?

(a) Building
(b) Pollution free environment
(c) Flowers
(d) Books

Answer: (b) Pollution free environment

28. Which one of the following is not a feature of developing country?

(a) Agriculture as the major occupation
(b) High technological development
(c) Mass poverty
(d) Mass illiteracy

Answer: (b) High technological development

29. Proportion of literate population in the 7 years and above age group is
termed as
(a) Education index
(b) Mortality ratio
(c) Literacy rate
(d) Gross enrolment ratio

Answer: (c) Literacy rate

30. Human Development Index compares countries based on which of the
following levels of the people?
(a) Educational level
(b) Health status
(c) Per capita Income
(d) All the above

Answer: (d) All the above

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31. The developmental goal for a girl from a rich family is:
(a) to get more days of work
(b) to get as much freedom as her brother gets
(c) to get electricity
(d) to get better wages

Answer: (b) to get as much freedom as her brother gets

32. Per capita income is:

(a) income per person
(b) income per family
(c) income per earning person
(d) income per month

Answer: (a) income per person

33. Which one of the following is a developmental goal for industrialists?

(a) To get more days of work
(b) To get better wages
(c) To get more electricity
(d) All the above

Answer: (c) To get more electricity

34. The countries with per capita income of US $955 (2017) or less are termed
as
(a) Low income countries
(b) Developing countries
(c) Developed countries
(d) Rich countries

Answer: (a) Low income countries

 35. Development goals of different sections of our society can be achieved by:
(a) Force
(b) Democratic political process
(c) Violent agitation
(d) Terrorism

Answer: (b) Democratic political process

(i) What do you mean by BMI? (1 Marks)

Ans. BMI stands for Body Mass Index. It is calculated by dividing the
weight of a person in kilograms (kgs) by the square of his/her height
in meters. It is an indicator of the level of nourishment in adults.
(ii) Briefly describe how BMI is calculated. (2 Marks)
Ans. Let each student in the class find out his or her weight and
height. Take the weight of each student in kilograms (kg). Then, take
the height by drawing up a scale on the wall and measuring
accurately with the head straight. Convert the height recorded in
centimeters into meters. Divide the weight in kg by the square of the
height. The number you get is
called BMI.
(iii) How can we decide the conditions of underweight and obesity? (1
Marks)
Ans. The student’s BMI could be within the normal range or less than
that (underweight) or more
(obesity). For example, if a girl student is 14 years and 8 months old
and her BMI is 15.2, then she is undernourished. Similarly, if the BMI
of a boy aged 15 years and 6 months is 28, then he is overweight.
Discuss the life situation, food, and exercise habits of students, in
general, without body shaming anyone.
Question .

What is the Significance of Per Capita Income?

1. Standard of Living: Per capita income is a key indicator of the standard of living in a
country or region. A higher PCI suggests that people generally have more access to goods
and services, better healthcare, education, and overall a better quality of life.

2. Economic Development: PCI is often used to compare the economic development of

different countries or regions. A higher PCI generally indicates a more developed economy
with greater economic activity and productivity.
3. Understanding Income Disparities: While PCI provides an average, it can also highlight
income inequality within a population. If some individuals have very high incomes, the
average can be skewed upwards, masking the fact that many people may still be living in
poverty.

4. Policy Making: Governments and policymakers use per capita income data to formulate
economic policies aimed at promoting growth and improving the well-being of citizens.

5. Comparison between Nations: Per capita income is a standard measure for comparing
economic prosperity between different nations.

In essence, per capita income is an important tool for understanding:

1. How wealthy a country or region is, on average

2. The living standards of its people

3. How developed a country is compared to others

4. The need for economic policies and interventions