Data Analysis
❖ Data:
Data includes all the responses, observations, behaviors collected by the researcher in a specific
condition through appropriate procedures and methods.
❖ Data analysis:
Data analysis is a process for obtaining raw data and converting it into information useful for
decision-making by the researchers. Data is collected and analyzed to answer questions, test
hypothesis or disprove theories.
❖ DOs and DON'Ts for Data analysis:
✓ Only collecting the data is not enough. It has to be interpreted properly so that it can prove
your hypothesis/claim.
✓ To analyze data from the questionnaire: Use tally (e.g. ////)
✓ For interview: Use comments/opinions/examples given by the interviewee
✓ Drawing conclusion from the data is crucial. In this case, never over generalize the data rather
be specific and logical and do not come up with definite conclusion.
❖ How to explain the data in different diagrams?
✓ Data could be presented through different diagrams like pie chart, graph, column, bar, tables,
etc.
✓ Three steps to explain and analyze the data presented in a diagram-
1. Introduce the graph: Mention what the diagram is about
2. Give the details: Explain the diagram in detail focusing on the highest and lowest pattern
3. Mention the major findings: Conclude the analysis showing the main finding of the
diagram without giving details
❖ Sample data analysis:
This pie chart shows the reasons for taking food in the UU canteen by the students, teachers
and staff members.
The pie chart shows the majority of the respondents (58%) prefer to take food in this canteen
because they do not get enough time to go out and take food in other restaurants. Moreover, 35%
respondents think the food is cheap here than other places. However, 5% of them prefer because
they feel e food is healthy and only 2% thinks the food is tasty.
So, students, teachers and staff members prefer UU canteen for its convenient location in the
university.
Pie Charts
Sales
Lack of Time
35% Healthy
Tasty
58%
2% Cheap
5%
Diagram-1: Reasons for preferring food in UU canteen
Tables:
Food items Improvement level (Percentage)
Lunch items 45%
Noodles 25%
Sandwich/Burger/Vegetable roll 17%
Shamosa/Shingara 13%
Table-1: Food items for improvement
Snacks 62%
Indian food 4%
Chinese food 12%
Bengali food 22%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80%
Diagram-2: Preference for types of food in the UU canteen
Data Analysis Worksheet
Exercise-1: Summarize the information given in the bar graph and explain the main features
and make comparisons where relevant.
Factors that affect work performance in an office for employees
Money 48%
Promotion aspects 26%
Competent boss 15%
Respect from colleagues 7%
Chance for personal development 4%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%
