1

NT TRIAL EXAMINATION - 2025 1

Certificate of Secondary Education

..

121/1 MS
CS ALTMATHEMATICS
A ALT. APaper 1 2 ½ HOURS
Paper 1
………………………..………… Admission No ………..….
July 2025
…….…Class………. Signature …………..Date: …………...
MARKING SCHEME
on number and school in the spaces provided above.
the examination in the spaces provided above.
Sections: Section I and Section II.
s in Section I and only five questions from Section II.
must be written on the question paper in the spaces provided below each

r calculations, giving your answers at each stage in the spaces below each
KALA TRIAL EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL
orrect working even if the answer is wrong.
t electronic calculators and KNEC Mathematical tables may be used except

printed pages. Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education

the question paper to ascertain that all the pages are printed as indicated and
sing.
n English.
Only MATHEMATICS Alt. A
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 TOTAL Paper 1

GRAND TOTAL
21 22 23 24 TOTAL

MARKING SCHEME
(CONFIDENTIAL)

THIS MARKING SCHEME IS THE PROPERTY OF THE KALA TRIAL

EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL AND MUST BE RETURNED TO THE KALA
TRIAL EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL AT THE END OF MARKING.

This marking scheme consists of 15 printed pages.

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121/1 MATHEMATICS ALT. A

SECTION I

No. Working Marks Comments

1. ..
1 1 13 − 10
Num = + of ÷𝑦
2 6 18
1 1 3
= + of ÷𝑦
2 6 18
1 1
= + ÷𝑦
2 36
1 1
= +
2 36𝑦
7 5 14 5 14 − 5
Den = − = − =
6 12 12 12 12
9
=
12
3
=
4
Num 1 1 3 1 1 4
= + ÷ = + ×
Den ( 2 36𝑦 ) 4 ( 2 36𝑦 ) 3

2 1 M1
= +
3 27𝑦

2 1 7 M1
+ =
3 27𝑦 9
1 7 2 7 6
= − = −
27𝑦 9 3 9 9
1
=
9
27𝑦 = 9

1
𝑦= A1
3
3

2. .
(2 × 80⚬ ) + 40⚬ (𝑛 − 2) = 360⚬ M1
160⚬ + 40⚬ 𝑛 − 80⚬ = 360⚬
40⚬ 𝑛 = 280⚬

280⚬ M1
𝑛=
40⚬
=7 A1
3

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No. Working Marks Comments

3. .. Alternatively
2𝑥 − 1 2 M1 2𝑥 − 1 3𝑥 + 2
× =1 =
3 3𝑥 + 2 3 2
4𝑥 − 2
=1 9𝑥 + 6 = 4𝑥 − 2
9𝑥 + 6
4𝑥 − 2 = 9𝑥 + 6 M1 5𝑥 = −8
5𝑥 = −8

−8 −8
𝑥= = −1 35 A1 𝑥= = −1 35
5 5
3

4. ..
25(𝑥−3) × 23(𝑥+4) ÷ 1 = 26 ÷ 2𝑥 M1
23𝑥−15+3𝑥+12 = 26−𝑥
28𝑥−3 = 26−𝑥
8𝑥 − 3 = 6 − 𝑥
M1
9𝑥 = 9
𝑥=1 A1
3
5. ..
(𝑥3 − 2𝑦)(𝑥2 − 2𝑦) = 𝑥6 − 4𝑥3 𝑦 + 4𝑦2
(2𝑦 + 𝑥3 )(2𝑦 + 𝑥3 ) = 4𝑦2 + 4𝑥3 𝑦 + 𝑥6
3 2 3 6 23 2 2 3 6
(𝑥 − 2𝑦) − (2𝑦 + 𝑥 ) = 𝑥 − 4𝑥 𝑦 + 4𝑦 − 4𝑦 − 4𝑥 𝑦 − 𝑥 M1
3
= −8𝑥 𝑦 A1

2
6. .. M1 Alternatively
21700 × 100 21700 × 115
C.P = = 24800 M1 C.P =
87.5 87.5
115 95 A1
S.P = × × 2400 = 24800
100 100
= 27094 S.P = 0.95 × 24800
= 23560
= 1.15 × 23560

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No. Working Marks Comments

7. .
36◦

54◦
4.5
= 2.25
2

Opp 𝑟
tan 54◦ = =
2.25 2.25

⟹ 𝑟 = 2.25 tan 54◦ = 3.097 B1

2.25
or 𝑟 =
tan 36◦
1 M1
AreaHexagon = × 4.5 × 3.097 × 5
2
= 34.84125

AreaCircle = 3.142 × 3.0972 M1

= 30.1362
AreaOutside Circle = 34.84 − 3014
= 4.70 A1

4
8. B1 Each arm
B1
B1

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No. Working Marks Comments

9. (a) BC2 = 8.62 + 9.72 = 2 × 8.6 × 9.7 cos(40 + 46◦ ) M1
BC2 = 156.4118
BC = √156.4118
BC = 12.51 A1
12.51 8.6 M1
(b) ◦
=
sin 86 sin 𝑐
−1 8.6 × 86◦
𝑐 = sin
( 12.51 )
𝑐 = 43.30◦
Bearing of B from C = 226◦ + 43.3◦ = 269.30◦ A1

4
10. L1 ∶ 𝑦< 1.5 B1
𝑥 𝑦
L2 ∶ + ⩽ 1 ⟹ −5𝑥 + 6𝑦 ⩽ 30 or 5𝑥 − 6𝑦⩾ −30 B1
−6 5
L3 ∶ 𝑦 > 2𝑥 or 2𝑦 > 𝑥 B1

3
11. .. ..
⎛−3⎞ ⎛−1⎞ ⎛−2⎞ ⎛−1⎞ ⎛5⎞ ⎛−6⎞ 𝐵1
⃗
𝐴𝐵 = ⎜ ⎟ − ⎜ ⎟ = ⎜ ⎟ ⃗
, 𝐴 𝐵 =⎜ ⎟−⎜ ⎟=⎜ ⎟
′ ′
⎜2⎟ ⎜1⎟ ⎜1⎟ ⎜ 8 ⎟ ⎜5⎟ ⎜ 3 ⎟
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
⃗ 2
|𝐴𝐵| = √(−2) + 1 2 = √4 + 1 = √5 ⎫
⎪
⎬ B1
⃗
′ ′ 2
|𝐴 𝐵 | = √(−6) + 3 = 2 √36 + 9 = 3 5⎪
√ ⎭
√45 45
L.S.F. = =√ = √9 = 3 B1
√5 5

Let centre be (𝑥, 𝑦) ∶

⎛1⎞ ⎛𝑥⎞ ⎛1 − 𝑥⎞ ⎛5⎞ ⎛𝑥⎞ ⎛5 − 𝑥⎞
⃗ =⎜ ⎟−⎜ ⎟=⎜
𝑂𝐴 ⃗ ′ =⎜ ⎟−⎜ ⎟=⎜
⎟ , 𝑂𝐴 ⎟ M1
⎜1⎟ ⎜𝑦⎟ ⎜1 − 𝑦⎟ ⎜5⎟ ⎜𝑦⎟ ⎜5 − 𝑦⎟
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
5 − 𝑥 = 3(1 − 𝑥) ⟹ 5 − 𝑥 = 3 − 3𝑥
2𝑥 = −2 ⟹ 𝑥 = −4
5 − 𝑦 = 3(1 − 𝑦) ⟹ 5 − 𝑦 = 3 − 3𝑦
2𝑦 = −2 ⟹ 𝑦 = −1
Centre = (−4, −1) A1
4

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No. Working Marks Comments

2
12. 2𝜃 + 30◦ + 𝜃 = 90◦ M1
3
8 ◦
𝜃 = 120
3
3
𝜃 = 120◦ ×
8
𝜃 = 45◦ A1

3
13. ⎛3⎞ ⎛−4⎞ ⎛1⎞ ..
(a) T = ⎜ ⎟ − ⎜ ⎟ = ⎜ ⎟ B1
⎜2⎟ ⎜ 1 ⎟ ⎜1⎟
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠

⎛7⎞ ⎛𝑥⎞ ⎛1⎞

(b) ⎜ ⎟ + ⎜ ⎟ = ⎜ ⎟ M1
⎜1⎟ ⎜𝑦⎟ ⎜1⎟
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
7 + 𝑥 = 1 ⟹ 𝑥 = −6
1+𝑦=1 ⟹ 𝑦=0
R(−6, 0) A1

3
3
14. cos 𝑥 = ⟹ 𝑥 = cos−1 (0.5) = 60∘ b1
6 𝑏1
120 2 1 2 ∘
Area of segment = × 3.142 × 6 − × 6 sin 120 M1M1
( 360 ) (2 )
= 22.12 cm2 M1
Vol. not submerged = 22.12 × 20 M1
= 442.4 A1
4
15. . M1
5 2 𝑏1
Boys = × 49 = 35, Girls = × 49 = 14
7 7
New ratio: 35 ∶ (14 + 𝑥) = 7 ∶ 4
35 7 M1
=
14 + 𝑥 4
4 × 35 = 7(14 + 𝑥)
140 = 98 + 7𝑥
7𝑥 = 42
𝑥=6 more girls A1
2

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No. Working Marks Comments

16. Construction red ..
..
C B1 For AB = 6.4 cm and
∠BAC = 30∘
B1 Complete △ ABC labelled.
B1 Drop ⟂ from C to N.

5.5 cm

30∘
N
𝐴 6.4 cm 𝐵

CN = 5.0 cm B1
3

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SECTION II

No. Working Marks Comments

17. (a) Scale diagram B1 Marks for offsets.

R B1 Offsets P, Q and R
B1 Offsets T and S
P B1 Diagram drawn.
Q 𝑒𝑒

3.5 cm 3 cm

𝐴1 𝐴2 𝐴3 𝐴4
1 cm 2.5 cm 2 cm
X Y
3 cm 3.5 cm
𝐴5 𝐴6 2 cm 𝐴7
3 cm
S

T
(b) Total area
𝐴1 = 21 × 150 × 175 = 13125 m2 ⎫
1 ⎪
𝐴2 = 2
× 75 × (175 + 150) = 28437.5⎪
1 ⎬ B1
𝐴3 = 2
× (150 + 250)(175) = 35000 ⎪
1 ⎪
𝐴4 = 2
× (100 + 250) = 12500 ⎭
1
𝐴5 = 2
× 100 × 100 = 5000 ⎫
1 ⎪
𝐴6 = 2
× 300 × (100 + 150) = 37 500⎬ B1
1 ⎪
𝐴7 = 2
× 150 × 200 = 15000 ⎭
14656.5
𝐴Total = M1
100000
=14.6565 ha A1

(c) Differences in the area on either side of the baseline

T − B =89062.5 − 57500 M1
=31562.5
=32 ha A1

10

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No. Working Marks Comments

18. ..
..
2 ⎛ 6 ⎞ ⎛4⎞
(a) (i) OQ = ⎜ ⎟ = ⎜ ⎟ B1
3 ⎜12⎟ ⎜8⎟
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
𝑄(4, 8) B1
(ii) Position vector of R
2 ⎛ 6 ⎞ 1 ⎛9 ⎞
OR = ⎜ ⎟ + ⎜ ⎟ M1
3 ⎜12⎟ 3 ⎜3⎟
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
⎛4⎞ ⎛3⎞
=⎜ ⎟+⎜ ⎟
⎜8⎟ ⎜1⎟
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
⎛7 ⎞
OR = ⎜ ⎟ A1
⎜9 ⎟
⎝ ⎠
(iii) |QB|
⎛9⎞ ⎛4⎞ ⎛ 5 ⎞
QB = ⎜ ⎟ − ⎜ ⎟ = ⎜ ⎟ B1
⎜3⎟ ⎜8⎟ ⎜−5⎟
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
|QB| = √52 + (−5)2 = √50
= 7.07 B1
(b) PQ = 𝑘PR
⎛9⎞ ⎛−8⎞ ⎛12⎞⎫
PQ = ⎜ ⎟ − ⎜ ⎟ = ⎜ ⎟⎪
⎜3⎟ ⎜ 4 ⎟ ⎜ 4 ⎟⎪
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠⎪
⎬ B1
⎛7⎞ ⎛−8⎞ ⎛15⎞⎪
PR = ⎜ ⎟ − ⎜ ⎟ = ⎜ ⎟⎪
⎜9⎟ ⎜ 4 ⎟ ⎜ 5 ⎟⎪
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠⎭
⎛12⎞ ⎛15⎞
⎜ ⎟ = 𝑘 ⎜ ⎟ ⟹ 5𝑘 = 4 ⟹ 𝑘 = 4
⎜4⎟ ⎜5⎟ 5
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
4
PQ = PR B1
5
PQ ∥ PR.
P is a common point.
B1
Hence P, Q and R are collinear}

(c) 4 ∶ 1 B1

10

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No. Working Marks Comments

19. (a) Trapezium rule. red .
𝑟𝑒𝑑 .
𝑥 −2.5 −1.5 −0.5 0.5 1.5 2.5 3.5
B2
𝑦−3 14.5 6.5 2.5 2.5 6.5 14.7 26.5

1
Area = (1) [(14.5 + 26.5) + 2(6.5 + 2.5 + 2.5 + 6.5 + 4.5)] M1 1st + last
2
M1 Substitution

=53 sq. units A1

(b) Difference in the area.

𝑥 −2 −1 0 1 2 3
B2
𝑦−3 10 4 2 4 10 20

Area =1 × (10 + 4 + 2 + 4 + 10 + 20) M1

=50 sq. units A1

Difference = 53 − 50 = 3 A1

10

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No. Working Marks Comments

20. .
𝑤ℎ𝑖𝑡𝑒
(a) Equation of the diagonal PR in the form 𝑦 = m𝑥 + c
−10 + 2 −1 + 7
Midpoint AB = ( , = (−4, 3) B1
2 2 )
7+1 8 2
𝑚AB = = =
2 + 10 12 3
−3
𝑚R = B1
2
−3 𝑦 −3
(−4, 3)(𝑥, 𝑦); = M1
2 𝑥+4
2𝑦 − 6 = −3𝑥 − 12
2𝑦 = −3𝑥 − 6
3
𝑦=− 𝑥−3 A1
2
(b) R(0, −3) B1

(c) Equation of QS
3+3 −3
𝑚PR = = M1
−4 − 0 2
2
𝑚QS =
3
2 𝑦
=
3 𝑥+2
3𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 4
−2𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 4 A1
−3
0= 𝑥−3 ⟹ 𝑥=2
2
Let midpoint of QS be 𝑚 = (−2, 0) and Q(−8, −4)
−8 + 𝑥 −4 + 𝑦
, = (−2, 0)
( 2 2 )
−8 + 𝑥
= −2 ⟹ 𝑥 = 4
2
−4 + 𝑦
=0 ⟹ 𝑦=4
2
S(4, 4) B1
(d) R(0, −3) and S(4, 4).
4+3
𝑚RS = M1
4−0
7
= A1
4

10

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No. Working Marks Comments

(a) ..
21. white
E
40
D S1
35
P1
30
B L1
25
A
20
Velocity(m/s)

15
C
10 F

5 𝐴1 𝐴2 𝐴3 𝐴4 𝐴5 𝐴6
𝐴7
G
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80
Time(s)

(b) (i) acceleration

10 − 225 −15
𝑎= = M1
55 − 50 5

= −3 m/s2
(ii) Total distance in km A1
1
𝐴1 = 2
× 10 × 20 = 100
1
𝐴2 = 2
× (20 + 25) × 15 = 337.5
⎫
1 ⎪
𝐴3 = 2
× (25 + 15) × 5 = 100
⎪
𝐴4 = 1
× (15 + 25) × 5 = 125 ⎬ B1
2 ⎪
1 ⎪
𝐴5 = × (35 + 40) × 10 = 375
2 ⎭
1
𝐴6 = 2
× (40 + 10) × 10 = 250 ⎫
1 ⎪
𝐴7 = 2
× 20 × 10 = 100 ⎬ B1
⎪
Total area = 1387.5 m ⎭
1387.5 M1
In kilometres =
1000

= 1.3875 km A1

(c) 𝑡 = 75 − 45 = 30 seconds
B1

10

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No. Working Marks Comments

22. ⎛36 20⎞ ..
⎜ ⎟ B1
(a) (i) ⎜45 18⎟
⎜ ⎟
⎜ ⎟
⎝38 25⎠
⎛170⎞
(ii) ⎜ ⎟ B1
⎜210⎟
⎝ ⎠
(b) ....
⎛36 20⎞ ⎛36 × 170 + 20 × 210⎞
⎜ ⎟ ⎛170⎞ ⎜ ⎟
⎜45 18⎟ ⎜ ⎟ = ⎜45 × 170 + 18 × 210⎟ M1
⎜ ⎟ ⎜210⎟ ⎜ ⎟
⎜ ⎟⎝ ⎠ ⎜ ⎟
⎝38 25⎠ ⎝38 × 170 + 25 × 210⎠
⎛10320⎞
⎜ ⎟
= ⎜10430⎟ A1
⎜ ⎟
⎜ ⎟
⎝11710⎠
Juma used 10320 ⎫
⎪
Tom used 11430 ⎬ B1
⎪
Mary used 11710⎭

Max. difference = 11710 − 10320

= Ksh 1390 B1

(c) ....
New maize flour cost = 0.9 × 170 = 153
B1
New sugar cost = 1.2 × 210 = 252 }

⎛36 20⎞ ⎛153⎞ ⎛36 × 153 + 20 × 252⎞

⎜ ⎟⎜ ⎟ = ⎜ ⎟ M1
⎜38 25⎟ ⎜252⎟ ⎜38 × 153 + 25 × 252⎟
⎝ ⎠⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
⎛10548⎞
=⎜ ⎟
⎜12114⎟ A1
⎝ ⎠
Juma spent 10548 B1
Mary used 12114 }

10

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No. Working Marks Comments

23. (a) Histogram. white „,
3.0
Median!
2.5 B1
Frequency Density

2.0 B1 F.D values

S1 Scale both axes.
1.5

1.0

0.5

0.0
50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600
Wages in shillings(Ksh)
B2 All bars.

(b) (i) 250 ≤𝑥 < 350 B1

1 1120 M1
(ii) Median wage ⟹ Area = = 560
2 2
340 + 2.2𝑥 = 560

𝑥 = 100 A1

(c) Number of employees.

1800 B1
W= = 225
8
N = 100 + 140 + 75

= 350 employees. B1

10

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No. Working Marks Comments

24.
(a) ....
𝑠 = 33 + 32 − 6(3) + 8 M1
= 27 + 9 − 18 + 8
= 26 m A1

(b) (i) ....

𝑑𝑠
𝑣= = 3𝑡2 + 2𝑡 − 6
𝑑𝑡 M1
= 3(4)2 + 2(4) − 6 M1
= 50 m/s A1

(ii) ....
𝑑𝑣
𝑎= = 6𝑡 + 2 B1
𝑑𝑡
Initially, 𝑡 = 0

𝑎 = 2 m/s2 B1
(c) ....
When 𝑡 = 3
𝑠 = 33 + 32 − 6(3) + 8 = 26 B1

When 𝑡 = 4

𝑠 = 43 + 42 − 6(4) + 8 = 64 M1
∴ = 64 − 26 = 38 m A1

10

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