E3 220 – Assignment 3

1
̂ − ℏ𝜔𝐼̂, where 𝑎 and 𝑎† are the annihilation and creation operators of
1. 2. Show that, ℏ𝜔𝑎† 𝑎 = 𝐻 2
̂ is the Hamiltonian operator.
a Quantum Harmonic oscillator of angular frequency 𝜔 and 𝐻

2. Show that, 𝑎† |𝑛⟩ = √𝑛 + 1 |𝑛 + 1⟩, where 𝑎† is the creation operator and |𝑛⟩ is a number state
of the Quantum Harmonic oscillator.

3. For the case of a Quantum Harmonic oscillator, prove the following for any number state, |𝑛⟩:

I. 〈𝑝̂ 〉 = 0
1
II. 〈𝑝̂ 2 〉 = 𝑚ℏ𝜔 (𝑛 + )
2
1
III. Δ𝑥̂. Δ𝑝̂ = (𝑛 + 2) ℏ
IV. Can you comment on the minimum uncertainty state?

4. Derive the expression for the wavefunction of any generic stationary state of the Quantum
Harmonic oscillator in position basis, 𝜓𝑛 (𝑥).

5. Based on the quantum theory of angular momentum, show that:

I. [𝐿̂𝑥 , 𝐿̂𝑦 ] = 𝑖ℏ𝐿̂𝑧

II. [𝐿̂𝑦 , 𝐿̂𝑧 ] = 𝑖ℏ𝐿̂𝑥
III. [𝐿̂𝑧 , 𝐿̂𝑥 ] = 𝑖ℏ𝐿̂𝑦
IV. [𝐿̂2 , 𝐿̂𝑖 ] = 0; 𝑖 = 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧

6. Show that, 𝐽̂− 𝐽̂+ = 𝐽̂2 − 𝐽̂𝑧2 − 𝐽̂𝑧 .

7. Show that 𝐽̂𝑧 𝐽̂− |𝜆, 𝑚⟩ = (𝑚 − 1) 𝐽̂− |𝜆, 𝑚⟩

8. 𝐽̂± |𝜆, 𝑚⟩ = 𝐶± |𝜆, 𝑚 ± 1⟩, where 𝐶± is a scalar. Find out 𝐶± .

9. Show that for a spin-half or two-state system, the angular momentum operators can be expressed
in terms of the Pauli matrices, i.e.,

ℏ ℏ ℏ
𝐽̂𝑥 = 𝜎𝑥 ; 𝐽̂𝑦 = 𝜎𝑦 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐽̂𝑧 = 𝜎𝑧
2 2 2
0 1 0 −𝑖 1 0
𝜎𝑥 = ( ) ; 𝜎𝑦 = ( ) ; 𝜎𝑧 = ( )
1 0 𝑖 0 0 −1
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