Collection of SANS standards in electronic format (PDF)

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ICS 33.180.10
NRS 078-1:2004
ISBN 0-626-16141-X Edition 1

LONG-SPAN ALL-DIELECTRIC
SELF-SUPPORTING FIBRE OPTIC
CABLES

Part 1: Product specification

N R S
 This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS.

This rationalized user specification is issued by

the Technology Standardization Department (TSD), Eskom,
on behalf of the
User Group given in the foreword
and is not a standard as contemplated in the Standards Act, 1993 (Act No. 29 of 1993).

Table of changes
Change No. Date Text affected

Correspondence to be directed to Printed copies obtainable from

The NRS Projects Manager Standards South Africa

The Technology Standardization Department (TSD) Private Bag X191
Eskom Pretoria 0001
PO Box 1091
Johannesburg 2000 Telephone : (012) 428-7911
Fax : (012) 344-1568
E-mail : [email protected]
Website: http://www.nrs.eskom.co.za Website : http://www.stansa.co.za

COPYRIGHT RESERVED

Printed in the Republic of South Africa

by Standards South Africa
1 Dr Lategan Road, Groenkloof, Pretoria
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NRS 078-1:2004

Foreword
This first edition of this part of NRS 078 was prepared on behalf of the Electricity Suppliers Liaison
Committee (ESLC).

This specification is based on TSP 0024:1994, which was compiled by D C Smith from Eskom.

This part of NRS 078 was prepared by a Working Group which, at the time of publication,
comprised the following members:

D C Smith (Chairman) Eskom, Transmission Technology

G Anderson Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Municipality
B L Clements Eskom Enterprises
J Coetser Tshwane Municipality
M Gittings eThekwini Electricity
A Gouveia City of Cape Town
B Jacobs Trans Africa Projects
L Mosime Project assistant
T Naidoo City Power, Johannesburg
V Sewchand (Project leader) Technology Standardization, Eskom

A Manufacturers Interest Group (MIG) was consulted on the contents of this part of NRS 078 and
its comments were incorporated where the working group was in agreement. The MIG comprised
the following members:

C Horn Letacla
A Dietchman ATC Cables

Annexes A and B are for information only.

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NRS 078-1:2004

Introduction
This part of NRS 078 has been prepared to establish and promote uniform requirements for long-
span all-dielectric self-supporting cables.

The ESLC expresses the wish that all supply authorities adopt the requirements of this specification
insofar as their particular conditions will permit. Any differences between the requirements of this
specification and the corresponding purchaser’s requirements should, as far as possible, be clearly
indicated in schedules A and B, which may be compiled using the draft schedules set out in
annex B and which should, where appropriate, be submitted for consideration in future revisions of
this specification.

Keywords
all-dielectric self-supporting cables.
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1 NRS 078-1:2004

Contents
Page

1 Scope .......................................................................................................................................... 3

2 Normative references ................................................................................................................. 3

3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations ......................................................................................... 3

4 Requirements .............................................................................................................................. 4

4.1 Fibre requirements .............................................................................................................. 4

4.2 Cable requirements ............................................................................................................. 4
4.3 Environmental requirements ................................................................................................ 6

5 Tests ............................................................................................................................................ 6

5.1 Optical tests ......................................................................................................................... 6

5.2 Mechanical tests .................................................................................................................. 6
5.3 Routine tests ........................................................................................................................ 8

6 Marking, labelling and packaging ............................................................................................... 8

7 Documentation ............................................................................................................................ 9

Annex A (informative) Guide to purchasers on preparing an enquiry ............................................ 10

Annex B (informative) Model form for schedules A and B .............................................................. 12

Bibliography ..................................................................................................................................... 13
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NRS 078-1:2004 2

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3 NRS 078-1:2004

LONG-SPAN ALL-DIELECTRIC SELF-SUPPORTING FIBRE OPTIC

CABLES

Part 1: Product specification

1 Scope
This specification specifies the essential mechanical, electrical and optical characteristics,
acceptance criteria and test requirements for long-span all-dielectric self-supporting optic fibre
cables for application with a nominal voltage up to and including 132 kV. This specification does not
cover the parameters of the optical fibres to be incorporated in the cable, which will be detailed in a
separate specification.

NOTE A guide to purchasers on preparing an enquiry is given in annex A and a model form for schedules A
and B is given in annex B.

2 Normative references
The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute
provisions of this specification. At the time of publication, the references indicated were valid.
Compilers of documents are encouraged to apply the most recent editions of the documents listed
below. Information on currently valid national and international standards and specifications can be
obtained from Standards South Africa.

IEC 61395, Overhead electrical conductors – Creep test procedures for stranded conductors.

IEEE 1222, Standard for all-dielectric self-supporting fiber optic cables.

EIA/TIA 598, Optical fibre cable colour coding.

SANS 60794-1-2/IEC 60794-1-2, Optical fibre cables – Part 1-2, Generic specification – Basic
optical cable test procedures.

3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations

For the purposes of this part of NRS 078, the following terms, definitions and abbreviations apply.

3.1 Terms and definitions

long-span ADSS
ADSS cable up to a span length of 400 m

routine tests
quality control tests performed during and after manufacturing

type tests
tests required to prove the adequacy of the design

3.2 Abbreviations

ADSS: all-dielectric self-supporting

UTS: ultimate tensile strength

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NRS 078-1:2004 4

4 Requirements
4.1 Fibre requirements
The number, type and required characteristics of the fibres to be used in the cable will be specified
in schedule A.

4.2 Cable requirements

4.2.1 The cable shall contain no metallic elements. A circular cross section is preferred.

4.2.2 The maximum acceptable mass per length (kg/km) of the finished cable, as well as its
maximum allowable diameter, will be specified in schedule A.

4.2.3 For a stranded buffer tube designed cable, a maximum of 12 fibres shall be enclosed in a
buffer tube which shall be filled with a suitable thixotropic gel. The "marker" buffer tube shall be red
in colour and the "reference" buffer tube shall be green in colour. The remaining buffer tubes and
“fillers”, if used, shall be transparent in colour.

4.2.4 For a central tube design ADSS cable with more than 12 fibres, a maximum of 12 fibres shall
be bundled together by a coloured thread, and each separate bundle shall be clearly identifiable.
The tube shall be filled with a suitable thixotropic gel.

4.2.5 The fibres shall be marked by a coloured coating with 12 different colours in accordance with
EIA/TIA 598. The optical fibre colours shall be stable during temperature cycling and not subject to
fading or smearing onto each other or into the gel filling material. The colours shall not cause fibres
to stick together.

4.2.6 The cabled cut-off wavelength shall be less than or equal to 1 260 nm as specified in
schedule A.

4.2.7 Cables shall be resistant to both ultraviolet radiation and electric field strengths as would be
experienced on HV transmission lines operating at voltages of up to and including 132 kV. Details
of the measures taken and tests performed to attain the necessary immunity to ensure a
guaranteed service life of at least 25 years, shall be provided in schedule B.

4.2.8 The cable shall be provided with an anti-tracking sheath and shall be perfectly smooth
without any cable markings to provide a possible inception point for corona discharge or dry-band
arcing. The supplier shall specify what maximum sheath current can be allowed to flow for a
minimum of 1 000 h, before damage due to dry-band arcing can be anticipated. Details shall be
provided in schedule B.

4.2.9 All the interstices of the cable shall be completely filled with a suitable compound to prevent
water ingress of the cable when tested in accordance with 5.2.2. Details of the measures taken
shall be provided in schedule B.

4.2.10 All measures taken to minimize hydrogen absorption in the fibres shall be provided in
schedule B.

4.2.11 When tested in accordance with 5.2.3, the aerial cable used for span lengths of up to 400 m
shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's recommended tension based on the
spanning plan and tower configuration, and shall be designed such that fibre strain does not
exceed 0,2 %, for the limiting span length, when subject to a transverse wind loading (also at 15 °C)
equal to 1 050 Pa on the projected cross section. The maximum continuous load, without zero fibre
strain, shall be specified in schedule B. The tensile performance of the cable where snow loading is
anticipated, shall be subject to negotiations between the supplier and the customer.
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5 NRS 078-1:2004

NOTE Longer span lengths are possible, but will require negotiation between supplier and customer as there
will be significant changes to the mechanical properties of the cable.

4.2.12 The cable shall have sufficient crush resistance capability to withstand a load of 2 000 N
when tested in accordance with 5.2.4.

4.2.13 The cable shall be flexible enough to accommodate a minimum bending radius of 350 mm
without damage or change in its optical properties when tested in accordance with 5.2.5.

4.2.14 The cable shall be designed to withstand the specified degree of twisting without any
damage to either the component parts of the cable or change to the optical transmission properties
of the fibres, when tested in accordance with 5.2.6.

4.2.15 The cable shall have an impact resistance capability such that, when tested in accordance
with 5.2.7 with a single impact of 20 nm, there shall be no permanent change to the optical
transmission performance of any fibre.

4.2.16 The cable shall be resistant to the effects of aeolian vibration such that the attenuation
increase shall be less than 0,5 dB/km at 1 550 nm, when tested in accordance with 5.2.8 and
subjected to a minimum of 100 million vibration cycles with a frequency equal to that produced by
a 4,5 m/s wind. Any significant damage to the components of the cable will constitute failure.

4.2.17 A galloping test shall be carried out in accordance with 5.2.9. Any damage that might affect
the mechanical performance of the cable or that might cause permanent or temporary increase in
optical attenuation greater than 1,0 dB/km of the tested fibres at 1 550 nm for single-mode fibres
and at 1 300 nm for multimode fibres, will constitute failure.

4.2.18 The creep characteristics shall be established by testing the cable in accordance
with 5.2.10.

4.2.19 When tested in accordance with 5.2.12, the changes in attenuation over the last four cycles
shall not exceed 0,1 dB/km from the mean. The mean attenuation shall be defined as the average
attenuation encountered at 20 °C over the last 4 cycles.

The temperature cycle shall be as shown in figure 1.

T1 = + 20 °C
T2 = - 10 °C
T3 = + 70 °C
t1 = 4 h

Figure 1 — Temperature cycle

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NRS 078-1:2004 6

4.2.20 When tested in accordance with 5.2.13, a compound flow test shall be performed at an
ambient temperature of 40 °C. The requirements of 17.5 in SANS 60794-1-2:2003 shall be met.

4.3 Environmental requirements

The ADSS cable shall be operated under the following environmental operating conditions:

a) maximum temperature: 50 °C;

b) minimum temperature: - 10 °C;

c) altitude: 2 500 m (above sea level);

d) relative humidity: 100 %;

e) maximum barometric pressure: 104 kPa; and

f) minimum barometric pressure: 76 kPa.

NOTE The level of surface pollution of the sheath is dependent on prevailing conditions.

5 Tests
5.1 Optical tests
Each fibre shall be measured for continuity and length once the cable has been placed on the drum
before delivery. The customer may require an inspector to be present when these final
measurements are performed. The customer’s attendance shall not relieve the supplier of his
responsibility for the satisfactory performance of the cable during subsequent testing at site and
thereafter to the end of the warranty period.

5.2 Mechanical tests

5.2.1 General

The mechanical tests in this specification are considered type tests. The customer may be prepared
to review the results of similar tests which the supplier may have performed in the past and possibly
waive the requirements for one or more of the tests specified in this specification.

5.2.2 Water penetration

The cable, when tested between the core and inner sheath, shall fulfil the requirements of the water
penetration test detailed in test method F5B of SANS 60794-1-2:2003. Check for compliance
with 4.2.9.

5.2.3 Tensile strength

The cable shall be tested in accordance with test method E1 in SANS 60794-1-2:2003. The load,
determined for a 400 m span from the requirements of 4.2.11, shall be applied for 10 min and the
strain of the fibre monitored. This test shall be performed with the hardware to be used in the final
installation. Check for compliance with 4.2.11. After completion of the tensile/strain performance
test, the cable, together with the hardware to be used for the actual installation, shall be tested to
destruction to determine the system UTS. This information shall be provided in schedule B.
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7 NRS 078-1:2004

5.2.4 Crush resistance

The fibres and components parts of the cable shall not suffer permanent damage when subjected
to compression loads. The test shall be performed as described in test method E3 in
SANS 60794-1-2:2003. The two flat plates shall have a dimension of 50 mm х 50 mm. The load
shall be applied for 1 min. Check for compliance with 4.2.12.

5.2.5 Cable bending

The fibre and component parts of the cable shall not suffer permanent damage when the complete
cable is tested in accordance with test method E11 in SANS 60794-1-2:2003. Check for compliance
with 4.2.13.

5.2.6 Cable twist

The fibre and component parts of the cable shall not suffer permanent damage when tested in
accordance with test method E7 in SANS 60794-1-2:2003. Check for compliance with 4.2.14.

5.2.7 Impact resistance

The cable shall be tested in accordance with test method E4 in SANS 60794-1-2:2003. Check for
compliance with 4.2.15.

5.2.8 Aeolian vibration

The cable shall be tested in accordance with test method E19 in SANS 60794-1-2:2003. A
minimum of 20 m of cable shall be terminated at each end using a dead-end grip. The cable is to be
supported at mid-span using a standard suspension unit and tensioned between 15 % and 25 % of
the UTS. The cable shall be supported such that the active sag angle is 1,5°. Check for compliance
with 4.2.16.

5.2.9 Galloping

The cable shall be tested in accordance with 4.1.1.5 of IEEE 1222:2003. A minimum of 40 m of
cable shall be terminated at each end using a dead-end grip. The cable shall be supported at mid-
span using a suspension unit and tensioned to 2 % of cable UTS. Check for compliance with
4.2.17.

5.2.10 Creep

This test shall be carried out in accordance with IEC 61395. A 10 m sample shall be used at 25 %
UTS for 1 000 h to establish elongation characteristics versus time. Check for compliance
with 4.2.18.

5.2.11 Electrical withstand capability of the sheath

No specific test is required, but the supplier is required to provide detailed information in schedule B
on the design tests (typically tests similar to that contained in IEEE 1222) performed to prove the
capability of the cable to withstand the severe conditions of pollution and electric field stresses that
the cable can be expected to experience, when installed in maritime/industrial environments on HV
transmission lines operating at voltages of up to 132 kV. Check for compliance with 4.2.7.

5.2.12 Temperature cycling

This test shall be performed in accordance with test method F1 in SANS 60794-1-2:2003. Check for
compliance with 4.2.19.
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NRS 078-1:2004 8

5.2.13 Compound flow (drip)

The cable shall be tested in accordance with test method E14 in SANS 60794-1-2:2003. Check for
compliance with 4.2.20.

5.3 Routine tests

The cable shall be subjected to all the manufacturer’s standard tests. The details of the test
performance and their results shall be provided to the customer. The manufacturer is required to
keep all routine test certificates for a period of three years. These certificates shall be available on
request of the customer.

6 Marking, labelling and packaging

6.1 Marking and labelling

6.1.1 The following information shall be clearly and permanently marked on the bedding layer of
the cable at intervals of 1 m:

a) name of manufacturer;

b) year of manufacture;

c) type of fibre (coded);

d) number of fibres; and

e) any information as required by the purchaser.

The coding for the fibre type shall be as specified in schedule A.

6.1.2 Each reel shall be labelled with at least one water-resistant tag, containing the following
minimum information:

a) manufacturer’s name;

b) place of manufacture;

c) ADSS size and number of fibres;

d) ADSS shipped length (standard or specified);

e) gross tare and net weight;

f) drum number;

g) order/contract number;

h) type of cable;

i) destination;

j) stock code (if specified);

k) the words "Not to be laid flat", unless the manufacturer guarantees that the drum or reel may
be laid flat without damage to the ADSS;

l) an arrow or the words "Roll this way" (to indicate the direction in which the drum or reel is to be
rolled in order to prevent the ADSS from unwinding) unless the manufacturer guarantees that
the drum or reel may be rolled in either direction without damage to the ADSS. The outer end
of the cable shall be accessible for testing purposes; and

m) any additional information as required by the user.

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9 NRS 078-1:2004

6.2 Packaging
6.2.1 Long-span ADSS shall be supplied tightly and uniformly wound onto either wooden or
returnable steel cable reels. The wound length of the long-span ADSS on each reel shall be
specified in schedule B.

6.2.2 The reel shall be of such construction that no damage to the long span ADSS will occur
during shipping and handling. The outer layer of the long-span ADSS on the reel shall be protected
by a water-resistant wrapping over the exposed surface, to prevent ingress of moisture and dirt
during shipping and handling.

6.2.3 Each end of the long-span ADSS shall be properly sealed to prevent the ingress of moisture
into the optical fibre unit during shipment or storage.

7 Documentation
7.1 At the time of tender, the supplier shall provide:
a) details of the cable construction and design including colour coding information to enable
positive identification of each fibre;

b) results of type tests (type tests performed on similar cables can be submitted for approval);
and

c) details of all the manufacturer’s tests performed to ensure quality of manufacturing.

7.2 After delivery of the cable, the supplier shall provide:

a) details of the “as-built” cable construction and design including colour coding information to
enable positive identification of each fibre;

b) results of all routine tests; and

c) details of the characteristics of all fibres used in the cable, on request from the customer.

7.3 All documentation required in clauses 7.1 and 7.2 shall be provided in hard-cover ring files and
on CD which comply with the following requirements:

a) the paper shall be of A4 size;

b) the files shall be of a construction that can open flat at any page;

c) any drawings and descriptions included shall conform to the A4 series (295 mm х 220 mm).
Larger drawings shall be folded in a single panel, along the 220 mm axis of the standard
A4 size. Drawings that have to be folded in two directions shall not be included;

d) different sections of the documentation shall be separated by means of thumb-tag separators;

and

e) the language used shall be English.

7.4 The number of copies of documentation required will be specified in the contract
documentation.

7.5 The drawings of the cable construction shall indicate the following:
a) all dimensions of the various components;
b) the cross-sectional area of the aramid strength member;
c) the thermal coefficient of the cable;
d) Young’s modulus of the cable; and
e) the mass per length of the cable.
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NRS 078-1:2004 10

Annex A
(informative)

Guide to purchasers on preparing an enquiry

A.1 General
A model form for schedules A and B is given in annex B to provide the purchaser with a convenient
aid to purchasing. The use of this form is intended to obviate the need for preparing a detailed
technical specification.

The purchaser need only specify compliance with this specification, provide the tenderer with
details of any particular requirements, and set out the information he requires the tenderers to
provide, as indicated below.

A.2 Schedules
A.2.1 General
The model form for purchasing schedules provides the purchaser with examples of a schedule A
and a schedule B. In his enquiry, the purchaser should provide his own schedule A and schedule B,
based on these examples.

A.2.2 Schedule A
Schedule A lists the requirements to be specified by the purchaser in enquiries and orders. These
requirements include references to the relevant subclauses in this specification, to assist in
compiling the schedules.

Where the text of any referenced standard stipulates that the purchaser shall indicate his
requirements, these requirements should also be specified in schedule A. The purchaser should set
out his particular requirements and choices in his own schedule A.

A.2.3 Schedule B
The purchaser should draw up his own schedule B (based on the schedule B in the model form in
annex B) and request the tenderer to fill in this schedule. By doing this, the tenderer will be stating
compliance with this specification and will be providing the information the purchaser has
requested.

NOTE 1 Where this specification allows the purchaser to make a choice, the example of schedule A (in the
model form in annex B) lists the preferred items/values/quantities. In the interests of standardization,
purchasers are encouraged not to deviate from these preferences.

NOTE 2 When preparing his own schedule A and schedule B from the examples in the model form in
annex B, the purchaser need include only the items he considers to be relevant or necessary.

NOTE 3 These schedules, when completed, become normative annexes to the enquiry specification.

A.3 Commercial conditions

In addition, a purchaser will need to indicate the commercial conditions applicable and draw up a
price schedule. Requirements for delivery, storage, packaging and marking should be considered
in this part of the enquiry.
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11 NRS 078-1:2004

A.4 Quality assurance

This specification does not cover the purchaser’s possible requirements in respect of quality
assurance, quality control, inspections, etc., since each purchaser needs to consider the criticality
of the application of each component and existing policy towards these matters. Purchasers are
referred to SANS 9001 for guidance.

A.5 Testing
Attention should be paid to the subject of testing and the related costs. Tests should be carried out
by an accredited laboratory and tenderers should be requested to provide assurances in this
regard. Price schedules should be so drawn up and covering letters so worded that the costs of all
services, such as tests, delivery and spares, are declared and provided for in the tender.

Before type tests, routine tests and sample tests are carried out, the number of samples used and
the frequency of sampling should be agreed upon with the supplier.

A.6 Revisions of standards used as normative references

This specification, as has been indicated, is based on a set of defined standards, which might have
been revised or amended. Most purchasers would, in principle, wish to employ the latest standards.
The recommended approach is to secure an undertaking from a supplier to review the latest
versions and amendments and to incorporate these where possible and agreeable to both parties.
A blanket commitment to work to the "latest" versions of standards creates legal difficulties of
interpretation and risks for both parties, and should be properly assessed. This invariably cannot be
done in the time available.
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NRS 078-1:2004 12

Annex B
(informative)

Model form for schedules A and B

The model form is provided as a convenient aid to purchasing. Guidance on preparing an enquiry
using this form is given in annex A.

Schedule A: Purchaser's specific requirements

Schedule B: Guarantees and particulars of equipment to be supplied (to be completed by
tenderer)
Item Sub- Description Schedule A Schedule B
clause
B.1 4.1 Number of fibres ____________ xxxxxxxxxxxx
B.2 4.1 Type of fibre ____________ xxxxxxxxxxxx
B.3 4.2.2 Mass per length of cable kg/km < 200 ____________
B.4 4.2.2 Cable diameter mm ≤ 15 ____________
B.5 4.2.6 Cabled cut-off wavelength nm ≤ 1 260 nm ____________
B.6 4.2.7 Details of measures taken and xxxxxxxxxxxx ____________
tests performed
B.7 4.2.8 Anti-tracking sheath Yes xxxxxxxxxxxx
____________
B.8 4.2.8 Sheath tracking performance mA xxxxxxxxxxxx
(maximum permitted leakage
current under heavy pollution
conditions, 100 kΩ/m
longitudinal resistance) As
given in IEEE 1222

B.9 4.2.9 Details of measures against xxxxxxxxxxxx ____________

water penetration
B.10 4.2.10 Details to minimize fibre xxxxxxxxxxxx ____________
hydrogen absorption
B.11 4.2.11 Maximum design span length m 400
B.12 4.2.11 Ultimate tensile strength kN ≥ 35,0 ____________
B.13 4.2.11 Maximum working load (where kN xxxxxxxxxxxx ____________
fibre strain does not exceed
0,2 % in the fibres)
B.14 4.2.11 Maximum continuous load (fibre kN xxxxxxxxxxxx ____________
under no strain)
B.15 4.3 Compliance with environmental Yes xxxxxxxxxxxx
requirements
B.16 5.2 Type test reports available Yes/no _________
If not available, specify date of
availability
B.17 5.2.11 Details of electrical design tests
performed to prove withstand xxxxxxxxxxxx ____________
capability of cable
B.18 6.1.1 Coding for type of fibre used ____________ xxxxxxxxxxxx
B.19 6.2.1 Wound length m xxxxxxxxxxxx ____________
B.20 7.2 Details of cable construction xxxxxxxxxxxx ____________
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13 NRS 078-1:2004

Bibliography
SANS 9001/ISO 9001, Quality management systems – Requirements.

© Standards South Africa