NPTEL Online Certification Course
Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee
Course Name: Digital Protection of Power System
Instructor: Prof. Bhaveshkumar R. Bhalja
WEEK 4: ASSIGNMENT 4
Question 1:
How many distance relays are required to protect a transmission line against all types of
faults?
a) 3
b) 4
c) 6
d) 11
Answer: (c)
Question 2:
For a fault on overhead conductor involving ground, the fault resistance depends on which
of the following?
a) Arc resistance
b) Soil resistivity
c) Tower footing resistance
d) All of the above
Answer: (d)
Question 3:
A 400 kV transmission line with an impedance of 1.8 + j9.5 Ω is protected by a reactance
relay. Determine the reach of the reactance relay for the first zone. The CT ratio and PT ratio
are 500/1 A and 400 kV/110 V, respectively. The first zone covers 80% of the line section.
a) X1=1.045 Ω
b) X1=1.405 Ω
c) X1=2.504 Ω
d) X1=2.150 Ω
Answer: (a)
Solution:
Line impedance=1.8+j9.5
Line reactance = j9.5
CT ratio=500/1
PT Ratio=400 kV/110 V
𝐶𝑇 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 500/1
𝑍 80% 𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 0.8 𝑗9.5 𝑗1.045
𝑃𝑇 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 400 10 /110
The reactance relay has a characteristic angle equal to 90 degrees.
|𝑍 | 1.045 1.045
𝑋 1.045Ω
cos 𝜃 𝜑 cos 90 90 1
Question 4:
A, B, C, and D, as shown in Fig. 1, represent the relay characteristics of which of the
following relays?
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Fig.1. Characteristics of the relay
a) A → reactance, B → mho, C → impedance, D → quadrilateral
b) A → reactance, B → impedance, C → mho, D → quadrilateral
c) A → mho, B → ohm, C → impedance, D → quadrilateral
d) A → ohm, B → impedance, C → mho, D → quadrilateral
Answer: (b)
Question 5:
Carrier signal is used to _______.
a) initiate the tripping of the relay.
b) block the tripping of the relay.
c) Either (a) or (b)
d) None of the above
Answer: (c)
Question 6:
At the time of fault, the error in the measured inductive reactance increases with
___________.
a) decrease in pre fault power and decrease fault resistance
b) decrease in pre fault power and increase fault resistance
c) increase in pre fault power and decrease fault resistance
d) increase in pre fault power and increase fault resistance
Answer: (d)
Question 7:
A 400 kV long transmission line has an impedance of 1.6 + j8 Ω. The line is protected by
MHO type of distance relay with a characteristics angle of 78° and its first zone covers 80%
of the line length. The CT ratio and PT ratio are 1000/1 A and 400 kV/110 V, respectively.
Considering a fault resistance of 2.6 Ω, determine the first zone setting of the distance relay.
a) K1=1.56 Ω
b) K1=2.18 Ω
c) K1=3.56 Ω
d) K1=4.18 Ω
Answer: (b)
Solution:
Line impedance=1.6+j8=8.16∠78.69°
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CT ratio=1000/1
PT Ratio=400 kV/110V
Characteristic angle (φ) = 78°
𝐶𝑇 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜
𝑍 80% 𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑓𝑎𝑢𝑙𝑡 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒
𝑃𝑇 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜
1000
0.8 8.16∠78.69° 2.6 1 2.058∠58.78° Ω
10
400
110
Hence, the first zone setting of mho relay is
|𝑍 | 2.058 2.058
𝐾 2.18 Ω
cos 𝜃 𝜑 cos 78 58.78 0.9443
Question 8:
Which of the following are the limitations of the pilot relaying scheme?
(i) Sensitivity of this scheme is reduced because of the charging current between the
pilot wires.
(ii) It can be applied only to short transmission lines because of the high cost of
installation.
(iii) It suffers from the problem of induced voltage from parallel power transmission
lines.
a) (i) and (ii)
b) (i) and (iii)
c) (ii) and (iii)
d) (i), (ii) and (iii)
Answer: (d)
Question 9:
Coupling capacitor and wave trap provides low impedance path to ________, respectively.
a) high frequency carrier signal and high frequency carrier signal.
b) high frequency carrier signal and power frequency signal.
c) power frequency signal and high frequency carrier signal.
d) power frequency signal and Power frequency signal.
Answer: (b)
Question 10:
A scheme in which the signal is transmitted on the positive half of the square wave and no
signal is transmitted on the negative half of the square wave is known as _______.
a) single-phase comparison scheme
b) semi-phase comparison scheme
c) half-phase comparison scheme
d) dual-phase comparison scheme
Answer: (a)
***END****
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