CGE 8

UNIT 1 – LESSON 4
New words
1. arches: Curved shapes, like an upside-down U.
Example: The cat jumped through the stone arches in the old building.
2. cheeks: The soft, round areas on your face below your eyes.
Example: Her cheeks turned red when she felt embarrassed.
3. arrow-shaped eye: Eyes that are shaped like an arrowhead, often used in cartoons or
emojis to show laughter.
Example: The emoji with arrow-shaped eyes looks like it’s laughing really hard.
4. a puzzled look: A facial expression showing confusion or not understanding something.
Example: He gave me a puzzled look when I asked the strange question.
5. thumb: The short, thick finger on the side of your hand.
Example: She gave me a thumbs-up to show approval.
6. first finger: The finger next to the thumb, also called the index finger.
Example: He pointed at the map with his first finger.
7. chin: The part of the face below the mouth.
Example: He rested his chin on his hand while thinking.
8. wink: To close one eye quickly as a sign of a joke or secret.
Example: She winked at me to show she was joking.
9. cone: A shape that is round at the bottom and pointed at the top.
Example: We ate ice cream in a waffle cone.
10. upwards: Towards a higher place or position.
Example: He looked upwards at the sky.
11. joke: Something said or done to make people laugh.
Example: That was a funny joke about the teacher.
12. serious: Not joking or playful; showing importance.
Example: He looked serious when he talked about the accident.
13. sleepy: Feeling like you want to sleep.
Example: I’m so sleepy after staying up late.
14. prayer: Words you say to God or a higher power.
Example: She said a prayer before going to bed.
15. celebrate: To do something special for an event or occasion.
Example: We will celebrate his birthday with a big party.
16. roll: To move by turning over and over.
Example: The ball rolled across the floor.
  PRESENT CONTINUOUS
- We use the present continuous to talk about:
 activities at the moment of speaking:
I'm just leaving work. I'll be home in an hour.
Please be quiet. The children are sleeping.
 future plans or arrangements:
Mary is going to a new school next term.
What are you doing next week?
In English there are action verbs and stative verbs. Action verbs describe actions, for
example play, work, run, write, etc., and they can have both simple and continuous forms.
 Stative verbs describe possession, measurements, feelings and emotions, senses
and perceptions, thoughts, opinions, for example be, have, like, think, know,
believe, love, hate, remember, understand, want, wish, weigh, measure, etc. We do not
normally use the continuous with stative verbs. Stative verbs include:
 verbs of thinking and feeling:

believe love recognise

understand
dislike hate remember
want
know prefer suppose
wish
like realise think (= believe)

 verbs of the senses:

appear look smell taste

feel seem sound

 others:

agree belong need own

be disagree owe possess

We normally use the simple instead:

I understand you. (NOT I am understanding you.)
This cake tastes wonderful. (NOT This cake is tasting wonderful.)
 Some verbs can have an action meaning as well as a state meaning, such as the
verb ‘think’. When ‘think’ means ‘I have an opinion’ it’s used in the present simple,
For example: I think emojis are useful.
When ‘think’ refers to the mental process, it is used in the continuous form
For example: What are you thinking about?
 The verb to be can also be used in the present continuous to describe a temporary
condition:
She’s very generous. (state – her permanent quality)
You’re being really childish! (action – you are temporarily behaving this way)
Michael is at university. He's studying history.
I'm working in London for the next two weeks.
We also use the present continuous to talk about:
 something which is happening before and after a specific time:
At eight o'clock we are usually having breakfast.
When I get home the children are doing their homework.
 something which is new and contrasts with a previous state:
These days most people are using email instead of writing letters.
What sort of clothes are teenagers wearing nowadays?
What sort of music are they listening to?
 something which is changing, growing or developing:
The children are growing up quickly.
The climate is changing rapidly.
Your English is improving.
 something which happens again and again:
It's always raining in London.
They are always arguing.
George is great. He's always laughing.
Note that we normally use always with this use.
We can use the present continuous to talk about the past when we are:
 telling a story:
The other day I'm just walking down the street when suddenly this man comes up to me and
asks me to lend him some money. Well, he's carrying a big stick and he looks a bit
dangerous, so I'm wondering what to do …
 summarising a book, film or play:
Harry Potter is a pupil at Hogwarts school. One day when he is playing Quidditch he sees a
strange object in the sky. He wonders what is happening …
E -1.5
Word / Phrase Pronunciation Vietnamese English Definition Example
Meaning
Confidence /ˈkɒn.fɪ.dəns/ sự tự tin A feeling or belief
that you can do
something well or
succeed.
Confusion /kənˈfjuː.ʒən/ sự nhầm lẫn, A state of being
bối rối unclear or not
understanding what
is happening.
Embarrassmen /ɪmˈbær.əs.mənt/ sự xấu hổ, A feeling of self-
t ngượng consciousness,
ngùng shame, or
awkwardness.
Friendliness /ˈfrend.li.nəs/ sự thân thiện A kind and pleasant
behavior toward
others.
Impatience /ɪmˈpeɪ.ʃəns/ sự thiếu kiên The feeling of
nhẫn being annoyed or
eager for something
to happen quickly.
Insanity /ɪnˈsæn.ə.ti/ sự điên rồ, Extreme
bệnh điên foolishness or a
serious mental
illness.
Receptiveness /rɪˈsep.tɪv.nəs/ sự tiếp thu, sự Willingness to
dễ đón nhận listen to or accept
new ideas or
suggestions.
Body language /ˈbɒd.i ngôn ngữ cơ The way people
ˌlæŋ.ɡwɪdʒ/ thể express feelings or
attitudes through
body movements
and gestures.
Gesture /ˈdʒes.tʃər/ cử chỉ, điệu A movement of the
bộ hand, arm, or head
to express an idea
or feeling.
Touch /tʌtʃ/ sự chạm, tiếp The act of putting
 xúc your hand or
another part of your
body onto someone
or something.
Aboriginal /ˌæb.əˈrɪdʒ.ɪ.nəl/ thổ dân, Relating to the
người bản địa original people
living in a country
before others
arrived.
Low-contact /ləʊ ˈkɒn.tækt văn hóa ít tiếp A culture where
culture ˈkʌl.tʃər/ xúc (cơ thể) people tend to
avoid physical
contact and prefer
personal space.
High-contact /haɪ ˈkɒn.tækt văn hóa nhiều A culture where
culture ˈkʌl.tʃər/ tiếp xúc (cơ people use a lot of
thể) physical touch
when
communicating.
Word / Phrase Pronunciation English Definition Example
Confidence /ˈkɒn.fɪ.dəns/ Belief that you can do She spoke with
something well or confidence in class.
succeed.
Confusion /kənˈfjuː.ʒən/ A state of not There was confusion
understanding what is about the schedule.
happening.
Embarrassmen /ɪmˈbær.əs.mənt/ Feeling of shame or He turned red with
t awkwardness. embarrassment.
Friendliness /ˈfrend.li.nəs/ Kind and pleasant Her friendliness made
behavior toward others. us feel welcome.
Impatience /ɪmˈpeɪ.ʃəns/ Wanting things to happen His impatience showed
quickly; annoyance at when he kept checking
delay. his watch.
Insanity /ɪnˈsæn.ə.ti/ Extreme foolishness or Driving that fast in the
serious mental illness. rain is insanity.
Receptiveness /rɪˈsep.tɪv.nəs/ Willingness to accept new The team showed
ideas or feedback. receptiveness to
change.
Body language /ˈbɒd.i Communication through His body language
ˌlæŋ.ɡwɪdʒ/ movements and posture. suggested he was
nervous.
Gesture /ˈdʒes.tʃər/ Movement of She made a gesture to
hand/arm/head to express invite him in.
meaning.
Touch /tʌtʃ/ Putting your hand/body A gentle touch can be
on someone/something. comforting.
Aboriginal /ˌæb.əˈrɪdʒ.ɪ.nəl/ Relating to original Aboriginal art is
inhabitants of a place. displayed in the
museum.
Low-contact /ləʊ ˈkɒn.tækt Culture that avoids In a low-contact
culture ˈkʌl.tʃər/ physical contact; prefers culture, people rarely
space. hug in public.
High-contact /haɪ ˈkɒn.tækt Culture that uses more Handshakes and hugs
culture ˈkʌl.tʃər/ touch in communication. are common in high-
 contact cultures.

Review lesson 5
A. Matching (10 points)
Match each word with the correct meaning:
1. ___ Confidence
2. ___ Confusion
3. ___ Embarrassment
4. ___ Friendliness
5. ___ Impatience
6. ___ Insanity
7. ___ Receptiveness
8. ___ Body language
9. ___ Gesture
10. ___ Touch
a) The act of putting your hand or body on someone or something.
b) A state of not understanding what is happening.
c) Belief that you can do something well.
d) Willingness to accept new ideas.
e) A feeling of shame or awkwardness.
f) Communication using movements or posture.
g) Movement of hand or arm to express an idea.
h) Behavior that is kind and pleasant.
i) The feeling of being annoyed or wanting something quickly.
j) Extreme foolishness or mental illness.
B. Fill in the blanks (10 points)
Use these words: friendliness, impatience, insanity, touch, body language, high-contact
culture, embarrassment, confidence, gesture, receptiveness
1. Her warm smile showed great __________ toward the new student.
2. He spoke with so much __________ that everyone trusted his idea.
3. Rolling your eyes is a form of __________ that shows boredom.
4. She gave a hand wave as a friendly __________.
5. The driver’s anger and speed on a wet road showed complete __________.
6. When he forgot his lines on stage, he turned red with __________.
7. A gentle __________ on the shoulder can make someone feel comforted.
8. People in a __________ often hug or kiss when greeting.
 9. Her __________ to feedback helped her improve quickly.
10. His constant sighing showed his __________ while waiting in line.
C. Multiple Choice (5 points)
Choose the best answer:
1. Which word means “belief that you can do something well”?
a) Confusion
b) Confidence
c) Receptiveness
d) Gesture
2. Which of these is a form of nonverbal communication?
a) Touch
b) Friendliness
c) Insanity
d) Confidence
3. Which culture prefers less physical contact?
a) High-contact culture
b) Low-contact culture
c) Aboriginal culture
d) Gesture culture
4. Which word means “a state of mental illness or extreme foolishness”?
a) Insanity
b) Embarrassment
c) Impatience
d) Friendliness
5. Which phrase refers to the use of movements to express ideas?
a) Touch
b) Body language
c) Confidence
d) Receptiveness
D. Make your own sentences (6 points)
Write one sentence for each word:
 Confidence
 Gesture
 Receptiveness
E. Speaking / Discussion (4 points)
Answer these questions in 2–3 sentences each:
1. Which type of culture do you think Vietnam belongs to: high-contact or low-contact?
Why?
2. How can body language help you in a conversation?
Part 3: Answer Key
A. Matching:
1–c, 2–b, 3–e, 4–h, 5–i, 6–j, 7–d, 8–f, 9–g, 10–a
B. Fill in the blanks:
1. friendliness
2. confidence
3. body language
4. gesture
5. insanity
6. embarrassment
7. touch
8. high-contact culture
9. receptiveness
 10. impatience
C. Multiple Choice:
1–b, 2–a, 3–b, 4–a, 5–b
D. Make your own sentences (6 points)
1. Confidence – She spoke with great confidence during her presentation, which
impressed the teacher.
2. Gesture – He made a friendly gesture by holding the door open for the elderly
woman.
3. Receptiveness – The manager showed receptiveness to new ideas from her team.

E. Speaking / Discussion (4 points)

1. Which type of culture do you think Vietnam belongs to: high-contact or low-
contact? Why?
I think Vietnam belongs to a high-contact culture because people often greet each
other with hugs or handshakes, and families usually live closely together. In daily life,
physical closeness and friendly gestures are very common.
2. How can body language help you in a conversation?
Body language can help show emotions and make communication clearer. For
example, smiling shows friendliness, while eye contact shows interest and confidence.
GUESS THE MEANING OF THESE IDIOMS
1. The test was as easy as ABC, so most students finished it in just 20 minutes without
any difficulty.
2. After the rain, the flood went from bad to worse, and soon the whole village was
underwater.
3. The exam was a piece of cake for her because she had studied very hard and knew all
the answers.
4. The train leaves at 7 on the dot, so if you arrive even one minute late, you will miss
it.
5. What on earth are you doing in my kitchen at midnight with all the lights off?
6. I really put my foot in it when I asked her about her ex-boyfriend, and she looked so
uncomfortable.
7. Who will win the football championship is anybody’s guess because all the teams are
strong this year.
8. On the one hand, living in the city is exciting, but on the other hand, it can be very
stressful.
9. I haven’t got the faintest idea how to solve this math problem; it looks completely
impossible to me.
10. It’s a good job that we brought our jackets, because the weather suddenly turned very
cold.
11. The company was on a knife-edge after losing its biggest customer, and everyone
feared it might close.
12. Last but not least, I want to thank my parents for always supporting me in everything
I do.
13. She was over the moon when she heard she had won a scholarship to study abroad.
14. His constant complaining really gets on my nerves when I’m trying to focus on my
work.
15. We don’t travel often, but every so often we take a family trip to the beach.
16. My little brother can be a real pain in the neck when he keeps asking the same
question again and again.
17. I know you want to go to the party tonight, but that’s out of the question because you
have an exam tomorrow.
18. Dad went through the roof when he saw the broken window in the living room.
19. You’ve got the wrong end of the stick — I didn’t say I was angry, I just said I was
tired.
 20. His reaction to the small mistake was really OTT (over the top); he shouted for an
hour and slammed the door.
21. Do you want to go out for dinner or just stay at home? That’s up to you, I don’t mind.
22. That’s all very well, but if we buy a new car now, we won’t have enough money to
pay the rent.
23. The food in that new restaurant was out of this world. I’ve never tasted anything so
delicious.
24. I agree with you to some extent, but I still think we should consider other options.
25. Would you marry him? Not in a million years! He is rude, lazy, and never helps
anyone.
26. When the shop opened on Black Friday, it was a zoo out there — people were
shouting, pushing, and running everywhere.

Lesson 6
Idiom English Meaning Vietnamese Example
 Meaning
It’s as easy as Very easy to do Dễ như trở bàn tay The test was as easy
ABC as ABC.
It went from bad Situation became even Ngày càng tệ hơn After the rain, the
to worse more unpleasant flood went from bad
to worse.
It was a piece of Very easy Dễ ợt The exam was a
cake piece of cake.
On the dot Exactly on time Đúng giờ The train leaves at 7
on the dot.
What on earth … Expression of Cái quái gì vậy? What on earth are
? surprise/confusion you doing?
You’ve really put Said something Nói hớ, lỡ lời I put my foot in it
your foot in it embarrassing/wrong when I asked about
her ex.
It’s anybody’s Nobody knows for sure Không ai biết chắc Who will win is
guess anybody’s guess.
On the one hand Compare two Một mặt thì… On the one hand it’s
… On the other contrasting ideas nhưng mặt khác fun, on the other
hand … thì… hand it’s tiring.
I haven’t got the I don’t know at all Tôi không biết chút I haven’t got the
faintest idea nào faintest idea where
she is.
It’s a good job It’s lucky that … May mà… It’s a good job that
that … we brought an
umbrella.
I was on a knife- In a very Trong tình thế nguy The company is on a
edge difficult/dangerous hiểm, bấp bênh knife-edge.
situation
Last but not least Final important point Cuối cùng nhưng Last but not least,
không kém phần thanks to my
quan trọng parents.
I was over the Extremely happy Vui sướng tột cùng She was over the
moon moon after winning.
It gets on your Something annoys you Làm bực mình His complaints get
nerves on my nerves.
Every so often Occasionally, sometimes Thỉnh thoảng We eat out every so
often.
 He was a pain in Very annoying person Người gây phiền My brother is a pain
the neck phức in the neck.
That’s out of the Impossible, not allowed Không thể nào Going out is out of
question the question.
He went through Became very angry Nổi giận đùng đùng Dad went through
the roof the roof when he
saw it.
You’ve got the Misunderstood Hiểu nhầm You’ve got the
wrong end of the something wrong end of the
stick stick!
That’s OTT Too much, excessive Thái quá His reaction was a
(over the top) bit OTT.
That’s up to you It’s your decision Tùy bạn Do you want to
join? That’s up to
you.
That’s all very Partially agree, then Nghe có vẻ ổn, That’s all very well,
well but … object nhưng… but we can’t afford
it.
It’s out of this Extremely good, Tuyệt vời ngoài sức The food was out of
world wonderful tưởng tượng this world.
I agree with you Partially agree Đồng ý phần nào I agree with you to
to some extent some extent.
Not in a million Never, absolutely not Không đời nào! Would you marry
years! him? Not in a
million years!
It’s a zoo out Very noisy/chaotic place Loạn như cái chợ The traffic is a zoo
there! out there!

1. Idiom: a piece of cake

A: How was the English test today? Was it difficult?
B: No, it was a piece of cake! I finished in just 15 minutes.
A: Wow, really? I thought it would be hard.
B: Not at all, the questions were very easy.
2. Idiom: on the dot
A: What time will the bus leave tomorrow morning?
B: At 7 o’clock on the dot, so don’t be late!
A: Okay, I’ll get there at 6:50 just to be safe.
B: Good idea. The driver never waits for anyone.
3. Idiom: over the moon
A: You look really happy today. What happened?
B: I’m over the moon because I got a scholarship to study in Australia.
A: That’s amazing! Congratulations!
B: Thanks! I still can’t believe it’s true.
4. Idiom: pain in the neck
A: Why do you look so tired this morning?
B: My little brother kept playing video games loudly last night. He’s such a pain in the neck
sometimes!
A: Oh no, did you tell him to stop?
B: I did, but he didn’t listen to me at all.
5. Idiom: out of the question
A: Can we go to the cinema tonight? There’s a new superhero movie.
B: Sorry, that’s out of the question. We have to study for the exam tomorrow.
A: But we studied all afternoon already!
B: I know, but one night without revision could be risky.
6. Idiom: went through the roof
A: How did your dad react when he saw the broken window?
B: He went through the roof! He shouted so loudly.
A: Oh no, did you tell him it was an accident?
B: Yes, but he was still very angry at first.
1. Idiom: on the dot
A: What time does the meeting start tomorrow?
B: At 9 o’clock on the dot. If you arrive even five minutes late, the boss will be angry.
A: Got it. I’ll set my alarm extra early.
2. Idiom: a pain in the neck
A: How’s the new project going?
B: Honestly, John is a pain in the neck. He complains about everything but never helps.
A: That sounds exhausting. Maybe you should talk to the manager.
3. Idiom: on a knife-edge
A: How did you feel during the football match last night?
B: I was on a knife-edge the whole time. The score was 2–2 until the last minute!
A: Wow, that must have been so stressful but exciting.
4. Idiom: not in a million years
A: Do you think Sarah will sell her favorite car?
B: Not in a million years! She loves that car too much.
A: Yeah, I guess you’re right. She even washes it every weekend.
5. Idiom: over the top (OTT)
A: Did you see Mark’s birthday party?
B: Yes, it was totally over the top! He had a DJ, fireworks, and even an ice sculpture.
A: That’s crazy for just a birthday!
6. Idiom: put your foot in it
A: Why does Jane look upset?
B: I really put my foot in it. I asked about her trip, but I didn’t know it was canceled because
she was sick.
A: Oh no, that must have been awkward.

REVIEW LESSON 6
Part A. Multiple Choice
1. The train leaves at 7 o’clock on the dot. What does "on the dot" mean?
a) Very late
b) Exactly on time
c) Too early
d) By chance
 2. My brother is always complaining about small things. He’s really a pain in the neck.
a) Someone very kind
b) Someone very helpful
c) Someone very annoying
d) Someone very friendly
3. The football match kept us on a knife-edge until the last second.
a) Very boring
b) Very calm
c) Very nervous and excited
d) Very long
4. She said she would never marry him, not in a million years.
a) It will happen very soon
b) It is impossible
c) She is not sure
d) It is very likely
5. Spending $500 on a pair of shoes is really over the top.
a) Reasonable
b) Too much, excessive
c) Very cheap
d) Very common
6. I really put my foot in it when I asked about her ex-boyfriend.
a) Said something embarrassing
b) Walked into the wrong room
c) Said something funny
d) Helped her
7. When I moved to the new city, it took a while to find my feet.
a) Buy new shoes
b) Feel comfortable and settled
c) Travel a lot
d) Get lost
8. He’s a nice guy, but he can’t be trusted because he’s always two-faced.
a) Friendly and kind
b) Dishonest and saying different things to different people
c) Smart and clever
d) Quiet and shy
Part B. Gap-fill
Idioms: on the dot, pain in the neck, on a knife-edge, not in a million years, over the top, put
your foot in it
9. Don’t be late! The meeting starts at 10:00 ______.
10. This project is so stressful; I feel like I’m ______ every day.
11. He promised to return my book, but I know he won’t, ______.
 12. Anna always interrupts the teacher. She’s really a ______.
13. I didn’t mean to offend her, but I really ______ when I mentioned her failed exam.
14. His wedding was beautiful, but the fireworks were a bit ______.
Part C. Matching
15. Find your feet
16. Two-faced
17. On the dot
18. Pain in the neck
A. Exactly on time
B. Someone annoying
C. Become confident in a new situation
D. Dishonest, pretending to be nice
Part D. Short Answer
19. Use on a knife-edge in your own sentence.
20. Use put your foot in it in your own sentence.