TOPIC 24 Probability B|{al|n||al|N]| 4 The letters spelling the word BANANA are written on six tiles. (a) Find the probability that a tile chosen at random has the letter N on it. Give your answer as a fraction in its simplest form. Answer... (b) The six tiles are placed in a bag. Three tiles are chosen at random without replacement. The first is placed in Position 1, the second in Position 2 and the third in Position 3, Position 1 Position 2 Position 3 (Find the probability that the three tiles spell BAN. Give your answer as a fraction in its simplest form, ANSWEP oo 2 (ii) The tiles are now replaced and the process is repeated. Find the probability that the three tiles spell either ANN or ANA. Give your answer as a fraction in its simplest form, Answer. 2] [June/2011/P 22/03}OL Mathematics P2 Topic 24 Probability Page 2 2. A fair five-sided spinner is numbered 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9. (a) Maria spins it once. Find the probability that the number obtained is At ys a7 Answer... Gi) an odd number. Answer ... (b) Pedro spins it twice and adds the two numbers obtained. Some of the results are shown in the possibility diagram below. 2|4 12 4 (Complete the possibility diagram. RQ (i) Find the probability that the sum of the two numbers is, (a) odd, Answer (b) 14 or more. Answer (c) Katrina spins it three times. Calculate the probability that the three numbers obtained are the same. Express your answer as a fraction in its lowest terms. 2 Answer .. [Nov/2011/P21/04)OL Mathematics P2 Topic 24 Probability Page 3 3. A bag contains 12 discs. There are 8 blue and 4 red discs. A disc is picked out at random and not replaced. A second disc is then picked out at random and not replaced. The tree diagram below shows the possible outcomes and one of their probabilities. First dise Second disc (i) Complete the tree diagram. 2] (i) Expressing each of your answers as a fraction in its lowest terms, calculate the probability that (a) both discs are red, Answer (b) at least one disc is blue. Answer . (21 ii) A third disc is picked out at random. Calculate the probability that all three discs are red. Answer - 1] (Nov/2011/P22/Q11(6)]OL Mathematics P2 4. A box of chocolates contains 10 milk chocolates and 2 plain chocolates. Sacha eats 3 chocolates chosen at random from the box. The tree diagram shows the possible outcomes and their probabilities. First chocolate Second chocolate Third chocolate 8 , $ milk 2 milk I 4 plain milk 9 = milk ¢ 10 * plain + plain 10 milk 2 milk T2 . plain plain milk plain plain (Complete the tree diagram. Gi) Expressing each answer as a fraction in its lowest terms, find the probability that Sacha (a) eats 3 milk chocolates, Answer... (b) eats 2 milk chocolates and | plain chocolate in any order. Answer... Topic 24 Probability Page 4 2] a1 2) [une/2013/P21/04(a)]OL Mathematics P2 Topic 24 Probability Page 5 5. A bag contains red and blue pegs. Altogether there are 25 pegs of which 1 are red. Rashid picks two pegs without replacement. The tree diagram shows the possible outcomes and their probabilities. First peg Second peg n=1 red 52 red 25-n oF blue red blue blue () Complete the tree diagram. Q) (i) (@) Write an expression, as a single fraction in terms of 1, for the probability that Rashid picks a red peg then a blue peg in that order. Answer (b) The probability that Rashid picks a red peg then a blue peg in that order is 1. P Given that the number of red pegs, n, satisfies the equation n® -25n+150=0, find p. ANSWER P= sovssnnirreceee 2]OL Mathematics P2 Topic 24 Probability © Page 6 (ii) Solve n? -25n+150=0 to find the possible values of n. Answer n= or (2) (iv) Given that at the start there are more blue pegs than red pegs in the bag, find the probability that Rashid picks two red pegs. ANSWEF -seeetnrersere coe [2] [June/2013/P22/Q10(a)] 6. A bag contains six identical balls numbered 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7. (a) A ball is taken from the bag at random. Find, as a fraction in its lowest terms, the probability that the number on the ball is ()_ amultiple of 3, Answer a) Gi) prime. AMSWEP sore senstnnrenninnee i] (b) All six balls are replaced in the bag. ‘Two balls are taken from the bag, one after the other, without replacement. The numbers on the two balls are added together. (i) Complete this possibility diagram to show all the outcomes. . i) + 2 3 4 5 6 7 2 s|oe};7}a]o9 3 4 5 6 |7OL Mathematics P2 Topic 24 Probability Page 7 (ii) Find the probability that the sum of the numbers is (a) odd, Answer ; it} (b) less than 8. Answer en Ul) [June/2014/P22/04] 7. Ina game, when it is Mary's turn, she spins 5 each of these fair spinners once. <#if coins. a 20¢ 3 $1 " 4 (i) Find x. 2 3 20 1 7 20 AMSWEF eoscssvieeseeneonsese U1] (i) Find the probability that the total value of the two coins picked out is 40 cents. Answer z a (ii) Find the probability that the total value of the two coins picked out is $1.20. Answer os sevesenee 2]OL Mathematics P2 Topic 24 Probability > Page 11 (iv) At a car park, the charge is $1.40. Amira picks out three coins, one after the other. Find the probability that the total value of the three coins is $1.40 . ANSWeP oo. 2] [Nov/2016/P22/Q11(b)] u. Humanities: Geography (G) Science: Physics (P) History (H) Chemistry (C) Religious studies (R) Biology (B) A student has to choose one humanities subject and two different science subjects. (a) Complete the table to show the possible outcomes. Answer Humanities Science G PandC G PandB 2) (b) Khalif chooses his subjects at random. (i) Find the probability that he chooses Geography. AnswerOL Mathematics P2 Topic 24 Probability Page 12 (i) Find the probability that he chooses Physics. . Answer (iii) Find the probability that he chooses both Religious studies and Chemistry. -O) [June/2017/P21/03] 12. Rowena spins two fair spinners, each numbered 1 to 4. Her score is the value when the numbers on the two spinners are multiplied together. The table shows some of Rowena’s possible scores. (a) Complete the table of possible scores. 2 . ta (b) Find the probability that Rowena’s score is less than 4. | < | Answer .. (1 (c) Find the probability that Rowena’s score is an even number. Give your answer as a fraction in its lowest terms. Answer 2) (@) Phoebe says that Rowena’s score is more likely to be a square number than a factor of 6. Is she correct? Show your working. Answer 2) [June/2017/P 22/93]OL Mathematics P2 Topic 24 Probability © Page 13 13. Adam has a bag containing 9 balls, numbered from I to 9. (a) Adam takes a ball at random from the bag and replaces it. Find the probability that the ball has an odd number, Answer. (b) Adam takes a ball from the 9 balls in the bag, notes the number and replaces it. He then takes a second ball from the bag, notes the number and replaces it. (i) Work out the probability that both numbers are odd. Answer (ii) Work out the probability that one number is odd and the other is even. Answer . 2] (c) Adam now takes two balls from the 9 balls in the bag, without replacement. Work out the probability that the two numbers are either both odd or both even. Answer . BI [Nov/2017/P21/Q4] 14, T] [R} Lt} Le} Lo} IN} Lo} [mM] [e] [7] [Rr] [¥ ‘Twelve lettered tiles spelling the word TRIGONOMETRY are placed inside a bag. (a) A tile is taken at random from the bag. Find the probability that the tile shows a letter R. Give your answer as a fraction in its simplest form. AnswerOL Mathematics P2 Topic 24 Probability @ Page 14 (b) Alll the tiles are placed back in the bag, a tile is then taken at random and placed on the table. A second tile is taken at random and placed to the right of the first tile. A third tile is taken at random and placed to the right of the second tile. Ist 2nd 3rd OU Find the probability that, in the order the tiles were placed on the table, they spell GET. Answer .. (©) Vowels are the letters A, E, I, O and U. All other letters are consonants. All the twelve tiles are placed back in the bag and two tiles are taken at random, without replacement. (@ Complete the tree diagram. First tile Second tile 3 vowel 17 vowel a 12, consonant vowel consonant ‘consonant 2] (ii) Find the probability that the tiles both show vowels. Answer ii) Find the probability that one tile shows a vowel and one tile shows a consonant. 2 ANSWER sours [June/2018/P 21/04]OL Mathematics P2 Topic 24 Probability © Page 15 15. The probability that Anna arrives at work on time or early on any given day is 3 Calculate the probability that she is late on both Monday and Tuesday. Give your answer as a fraction. ANSWER ooo 21 [Nov/2018/P22/Q4(c)] 16. Ateeq has a set of 16 cards numbered from 1 to 16. (He takes a card from the set at random. Find the probability that the card shows an odd square number. i) (ii) Ateeq takes two cards at random from the set of 16 cards. Find the probability that both cards show even numbers that are factors of 100. i ~ 2] [Nov/2019/P22/05(b)}