Experiment No 1.
Objective : Describe the use and functionality of the following (a) telnet (b) TCP/IP
(c) HTTP
SOLUTION: TELNET : TELNET is a type of protocol that enables one computer
to connect to the local computer. It is used as a standard TCP/IP protocol for virtual
terminal service which is provided by ISO . The computer which starts the
connection is known as the local computer. The computer which is connected to i.e.
which accepts the connection known as the remote computer. During telnet
operation, whatever is being performed on the remote computer will be displayed by
the local computer. Telnet operates on a client/server principle.
Use:
• Telnet (short for Telecommunication Network) is a protocol that allows a user
to remotely log in to another computer over a network.
• It provides a command-line interface to access and manage remote devices
such as servers, routers, and switches.
Function:
• Works on client-server model.
• Uses TCP port 23 for communication.
• Sends and receives text commands between the client and remote machine.
• Mainly used for remote administration and troubleshooting, though now
largely replaced by SSH due to security issues.
TCP/IP : In TCP/IP, the IP protocol ensures that each computer that is connected to
the Internet is having a specific serial number called the IP address. TCP specifies
how data is exchanged over the internet and how it should be broken into IP packets.
It also makes sure that the packets have information about the source of the message
data, the destination of the message data, the sequence in which the message data
should be re-assembled, and checks if the message has been sent correctly to the
specific destination. The TCP is also known as a connection-oriented protocol.
Use:
• TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) is the fundamental
suite of protocols used for communication across the Internet.
• It enables connectivity between heterogeneous systems.
Function:
• TCP: Ensures reliable, error-free, and ordered data transmission between
applications. (Connection-oriented).
• IP: Responsible for addressing, routing, and forwarding data packets from
source to destination across networks.
• Together, TCP/IP provides end-to-end communication.
• Basis for all Internet services (email, web browsing, file transfer, etc.).
HTTP : HTTP protocol is used to transfer hypertexts over the internet and it is
defined by the www(world wide web) for information transfer. This protocol defines
how the information needs to be formatted and transmitted. And, it also defines the
various actions the web browsers should take in response to the calls made to access
a particular web page. Whenever a user opens their web browser, the user will
indirectly use HTTP as this is the protocol that is being used to share text, images,
and other multimedia files on the
Use:
• HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) is the protocol used for transferring
hypertext documents (web pages) on the World Wide Web.
• It defines how messages are formatted and transmitted between web browsers
(clients) and web servers.
Function:
• Works on TCP port 80 (HTTP) and port 443 (HTTPS with encryption).
• Follows request-response model:
o Client (browser) sends a request (e.g., GET, POST).
o Server responds with the requested resource (HTML, images, etc.).
• Stateless protocol: each request is independent of the previous one.
Experiment No 2.
Objective : Describe the chatting components on the internet.
SOLUTION : A chat workspace is like any other standard workspace except that it
only includes features for chatting, and ends when you close it. You can start a new
chat anywhere in Groove you see a list fof contact names(for example the contacts
panel in the Launchbar or the workspace members panel for a workspace). Right
click one or more contact and select Invite to new chat. Invitations to the chat are
sent immediately and the chat opens on your desktop. If you want to invite people
to chat whom you don’t have in a contact list, you can create a chat invitation and
search directories for contacts:
1. Select option- New Chat… to open the send Chat Invitation dialog box.
2. Select option in the Invitation dialog box the same way you would for inviting
people to a workspace.
3. Click Invite.
Using a chat workspace :The features in a chat are much the same as those for
chatting in a workspace. There is one important exception: Alerts are not supported
in a chat workspace. Note that closing a chat ends your participation in it. If you
want, you can save a chat as a workspace as described in the next section.
The Chat System contains the following components:
1. Chat Client
A chat client is used by users to chat with other users in a Chat Room.
A user must first register with a particular Chat Room before chatting
with other users in that room. Each message sent or received through a
chat Client identifies the user who sent the text of the message. When
finished chatting in a Chat Room, the user unregisters with the room.
There can be multiple Chat Clients, each under the exclusive control of
a single user: that is, multiple users cannot share a single
2. Chat Room
A chat client is used by users to chat with other users in a Chat Room.
A user must first register with a particular Chat Room before chatting
with other users in that room. Each message sent or received through a
chat Client identifies the user who sent the text of the message. When
finished chatting in a Chat Room, the user unregisters with the room.
There can be multiple Chat Clients, each under the exclusive control of
a single user: that is, multiple users cannot share a single Chat Client,
although a single user may start up multiple Chat Clients(to be able to
chat in multiple Chat Rooms simultaneously).
3. Registration Database
The registration Database stores the set of currently registered users for
each Chat Room and is able to remember which users are registered
with which Chat Room. Users are identified in this database by their
email address. Any person with a valid email address can registered for
a chat room. Users remain registered until they unregister themselves
via a chat client. There is one Registration Database in the system.
4. Chat Controller
A Chat Controller is used by administrative personnel to monitor all the
message traffic in the Chat Rooms, and to unregister users who send
inappropriate messages. There is one Chat Controller in the system.
5. Chat Log
The Chat Log stores a record of all messages sent in a Chat Room.
There is one Chat Log associated with each Chat Room.
