UNIT 1: MAPPING MATTER – FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT

Key concept Change

Related concept form, conditions, consequences
Global context Identities and Relationships
Statement of inquiry Identities depend on the conditions and lead to a relationship between
form and consequences.

ATL category Critical Thinking, Communication

[Link] questions must be answered with a cross in a box ( ). If you change your mind
about an answer, put a line through the box ( ) and then mark your new answer with a
cross ( ).

Potable water is water that is suitable for drinking.

River water can be treated to make it potable.

Chlorination, filtration and sedimentation are three of the processes involved in making the
river water potable.

(i) Which row of the table shows these three processes in the order in which they are carried
out?
(1)

(ii) State the reason why chlorine is added during the water treatment.
(1)
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(iii) Describe how sedimentation is carried out.

(2)
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(iv) Figure 5 shows the results of an analysis of a sample of potable water.

Using this information, explain why this sample of potable water is not the same as pure
water.
(2)
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Q2.

Inks contain coloured dyes.

Samples of four inks, W, X, Y and Z, were separated using paper chromatography.
Figure 5 shows the chromatogram obtained.

(i) In the experiment, the solvent front moved 6.5 cm.

Calculate the Rf value of the dye that is present in both inks X and Z.
(1)
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Rf = ...........................................................

(ii) State what could be changed in the experiment to make the Rf value more accurate.
(1)
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(iii) In this experiment, ink sample Y did not move from the start line.
Explain a change to the experiment that would be needed to separate the dyes in ink
sample Y.
(2)
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Q3.
Answer the question with a cross in the box you think is correct . If you change your
mind about an answer, put a line through the box and then mark your new answer
with a cross .

A sample of potable water contains impurities.

Why is this sample of water potable even though it contains impurities?

(1)
A the impurities have no smell
B the impurities are colourless
C the impurities are harmless
D the impurities are soluble
Q4. The apparatus for a simple distillation is shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1
(i) Use words from the box to complete the sentences.
You may use each word once, more than once, or not at all.

(3)
Simple distillation is used to separate a liquid from a ...........................................................

In the apparatus labelled A, vapour is cooled to form liquid.

This process is called ...........................................................

The liquid collected in the beaker is known as the ...........................................................

(ii) Pure water collects in the beaker.

Explain how the apparatus will show that the liquid collected is pure water.
(2)
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[Link] the question with a cross in the box you think is correct . If you change your
mind about an answer, put a line through the box and then mark your new answer with a
cross .

Waste water can be used to produce drinking water.

The processes used include sedimentation, filtration and chlorination.

(i) What is sedimentation?

(1)
A the waste water is heated so the impurities evaporate
B the waste water has an acid added to remove impurities
C the impurities in the waste water settle to the bottom of their container
D the impurities in the waste water are bleached

(ii) State why the waste water is filtered.

(1)
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(iii) State the reason for chlorination.

(1)
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Q6.

A sample of rock salt contains a mixture of sodium chloride and some insoluble substances.

The rock salt is added to water and the mixture stirred.

The mixture is then filtered to obtain a filtrate of sodium chloride solution.

(i) Draw a labelled diagram of the apparatus used to filter the mixture and collect the sodium
chloride solution.
(2)

(ii) Describe how a sample of pure, dry sodium chloride crystals can be obtained from the
filtrate.
(3)
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Q7.

In a different method of obtaining nickel, the process produces a mixture of the liquids nickel
tetracarbonyl and iron pentacarbonyl.

The boiling point of nickel tetracarbonyl is 43 °C.

The boiling point of iron pentacarbonyl is 103 °C.
These two liquids mix together completely.

Describe the process used to separate these two liquids.

(3)
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Q8.

* A sample of water was contaminated with a dissolved solid.

Devise a plan to separate pure water from this mixture, including a test to show that the
water obtained is neutral.

You may use some or all of the apparatus shown in Figure 11 and any other laboratory
apparatus.

(6)
Q9.

A student set up the apparatus shown in Figure 4 to obtain pure water from sea water by
distillation.

Figure 4
(i) Explain how the water in sea water separates to produce the pure water in this
apparatus.
(2)

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(ii) Explain how the apparatus could be improved to increase the amount of pure water
collected from the same volume of sea water.
(2)

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Q10.

Potable water is water that is suitable for drinking.

A student wanted to distil a sample of potable water.

Figure 6 shows apparatus the student used.

(i) Name the piece of equipment labelled X in Figure 6.

(1)
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(ii) The student made an error when setting up the equipment in Figure 6.
This error meant no water could be collected in the test tube.
Explain what the student needs to do so water can be collected.
(2)
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Q11.

In analysis, tests are carried out on solids dissolved in water.

Explain why it is important that the water used is pure.

(2)
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Q12.

Figure 2 shows a label from a bottle of drinking water.

(i) Explain why this drinking water should not be described as pure water.
(2)
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(ii) State the information from Figure 2 that shows that the drinking water is neutral.
(1)
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(iii) Calculate the mass of calcium ions in 250 cm3 of this drinking water.
(2)
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mass =........................................................... mg
Q13.

Mixtures of substances can be separated using different techniques.

Figure 5 shows the apparatus that a student set up to obtain pure water from ink.

There are three mistakes in the way the apparatus has been set up.

(i) One mistake is that the bulb of the thermometer is too low.
The bulb of the thermometer should be level with the side arm.
Give a reason why the bulb of the thermometer should be level with the side arm.
(1)
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(ii) State one other mistake in Figure 5.

(1)
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Q14.

Filtration is a method used to separate insoluble solids from liquids.

Figure 9 shows the apparatus used for filtration.

Figure 9

Answer the question with a cross in the box you think is correct . If you change
your mind about an answer, put a line through the box and then mark your new
answer with a cross .

(i) Which letter shows the filtrate?

(1)
A

(ii) The filter paper has been labelled.

Explain how the filter paper separates the insoluble solid from the liquid.
(2)
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Q15.

Some food colourings are a mixture of soluble, coloured substances. Mixtures of soluble
substances can be separated by paper chromatography.

Paper chromatography was used to try to separate the coloured substances in five food
colourings, V, W, X, Y and Z.

Figure 10 shows the spots for the five food colourings on the chromatography paper at the
start of the experiment.

The paper was placed in a beaker with the bottom of the paper in the solvent.

Figure 10
(i) Identify the stationary phase in this experiment.
(1)

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(ii) Give a reason why the spots of the food colourings must be above the level of the
solvent, when the paper is placed in the solvent.
(1)

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(iii) Figure 11 shows the chromatogram at the end of the experiment.

Figure 11
Give the reason why the spot of food colouring V has not moved during the
chromatography experiment.
(1)

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(iv) Explain, by referring to Figure 11, which food colouring contained the greatest number
of soluble, coloured substances.
(2)
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(v) One coloured substance in food colouring X moved 5.8 cm when the solvent front moved
6.6 cm.
Calculate the Rf value for this substance, giving your answer to two significant figures.
(2)

Rf value = ...........................................................
Q16.

Mixtures of substances can be separated using different techniques.

Which of the following is a mixture of substances?

(1)
A air

B carbon dioxide

C gold

D titanium
Q17.

Mixtures of substances can be separated using different techniques.

Paper chromatography is used to separate the substances in five different food colourings,
P, Q, R, S and T.

Figure 6 shows the chromatogram at the end of the experiment.

(i) The steps needed to carry out the chromatography experiment are listed below.
They are not in the correct order.
1 leave the solvent to rise up the paper
2 put solvent in the beaker
3 draw a start line on the piece of paper
4 place the paper in the beaker
5 remove the paper when the solvent is near the top
6 put small spots of the food colourings on the start line
List the steps in the correct order.
The first two steps have been done for you.
(2)
(ii) Explain, using Figure 6, which food colouring contains the greatest number of coloured
substances.
(2)
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(iii) During chromatography of the food colourings, the solvent front moved 8.00 cm and the
food colouring R moved 2.30 cm.
Calculate the Rf value for food colouring R.
Give your answer to two significant figures.
(2)
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Rf value = ...........................................................
Q18.

An ink is a mixture of coloured substances dissolved in water.

The apparatus shown in Figure 9 can be used to separate water from ink.

Figure 9
(i) Cold water flows through the condenser.
On Figure 9 use arrows to show where the water should flow in and where it should flow
out.
(1)
(ii) Explain why a condenser is used.
(2)
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(iii) The flask was heated with a Bunsen burner.

Give the name of an alternative piece of apparatus that could be used to heat the flask.
(1)
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Q19.

An ink is a mixture of coloured substances dissolved in water.

Which method is used to separate the coloured substances in the ink?

(1)
A chromatography
B crystallisation
C filtration
D fractional distillation

Q20.

After this reaction, there is a mixture of the solids magnesium, titanium and magnesium
chloride.

Titanium does not react with dilute hydrochloric acid.

Suggest a simple method to separate titanium from the mixture.

(2)
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Q21.

Titanium is extracted from its ore in several stages.

In the first stage, titanium chloride is formed as a gas.

The gas is cooled to form liquid titanium chloride containing dissolved impurities.

Suggest how pure titanium chloride could be separated from the impurities.
(1)
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Q22.

Some salts can be added to waste water to remove impurities.

In an experiment, different masses of salt A were added to 1000 cm3 samples of waste
water.
The experiment was repeated with salt B.
The percentages of impurities removed from the waste water are shown in Figure 10.

It was concluded that the best way to purify 1000 cm3 of the waste water is to add 100 mg of
salt B.

Use the information about salt A and salt B in Figure 10 to evaluate this conclusion.

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