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DSA Topics Guide

The document outlines various advanced data structures and algorithms, including Tries, Disjoint Sets, Segment Trees, and more, detailing their functions and applications. These structures are essential for solving complex problems in areas such as string matching, graph theory, and dynamic programming. Understanding these concepts is crucial for efficient algorithm design and optimization in competitive programming and real-world applications.

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6 views1 page

DSA Topics Guide

The document outlines various advanced data structures and algorithms, including Tries, Disjoint Sets, Segment Trees, and more, detailing their functions and applications. These structures are essential for solving complex problems in areas such as string matching, graph theory, and dynamic programming. Understanding these concepts is crucial for efficient algorithm design and optimization in competitive programming and real-world applications.

Uploaded by

csaiml22022
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Topic What It Is Why It Matters

Tries & Suffix Tree-like data structures for Used in autocomplete, spell checkers,
Trees storing strings efficiently. DNA sequencing, and text editors.

Disjoint Set Structure to track elements Core for Kruskal’s MST, cycle detection,
(Union-Find) partitioned into disjoint sets. and network connectivity problems.

Binary tree for range queries Efficient for dynamic range queries in
Segment Trees
(sum, min, max). competitive programming.

Fenwick Tree Space-efficient alternative to Great for prefix sums, cumulative


(BIT) Segment Tree. frequencies, and range queries.

Heavy-Light Splits a tree into chains for fast Optimizes many tree query problems in
Decomposition path queries. contests.

Tarjan’s DFS-based algorithm for finding Key in graph theory, compilers, and
Algorithm strongly connected components. circuit analysis.

String matching with Faster pattern searching than brute


KMP Algorithm
preprocessing of the pattern. force.

Rabin-Karp Ideal for multi-pattern search and


Hashing-based string matching.
Algorithm plagiarism detection.

Bitmask
Represents subsets with bitmasks Solves problems like TSP and subset
Dynamic
inside DP states. optimization efficiently.
Programming

Dynamic
Applies DP transitions over tree Solves hierarchical optimization
Programming
structures. problems on graphs/trees.
on Trees

Johnson’s All-pairs shortest paths for sparse Often faster than Floyd–Warshall on
Algorithm weighted graphs. sparse graphs.

Bellman–Ford Shortest paths with possible Detects negative cycles; useful in


Edge Cases negative edges. finance/arbitrage modeling.

Persistent Data Preserve past versions after Enables undo/versioning; common in


Structures modifications. functional programming.

Advanced Algorithms like Hopcroft–Karp for Crucial for scheduling, assignments,


Graph Matching maximum bipartite matching. and resource allocation.

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