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Biopotential Amplifier 8

The document outlines the essential requirements for biopotential amplifiers, including high input impedance, isolation circuitry, low output impedance, and high gain. It also discusses specific types of amplifiers such as carrier amplifiers, which enhance low-frequency signals while minimizing noise, and chopper amplifiers, which address drift issues in DC amplifiers. Each application may have additional requirements beyond the basic specifications provided.

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Abid Ahmed
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72 views8 pages

Biopotential Amplifier 8

The document outlines the essential requirements for biopotential amplifiers, including high input impedance, isolation circuitry, low output impedance, and high gain. It also discusses specific types of amplifiers such as carrier amplifiers, which enhance low-frequency signals while minimizing noise, and chopper amplifiers, which address drift issues in DC amplifiers. Each application may have additional requirements beyond the basic specifications provided.

Uploaded by

Abid Ahmed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Biopotential Amplifier

Biopotential Amplifier 1
Biopotential Amplifier

Basic Requirements:

1) have high input impedance (2-10M ohm).


2) input must have isolation and protection circuitry.
3) output impedance must be low, with respect to the load
impedance
4) must cover the frequency range of biopotentials or the output
voltages of transducers
5) must have high gains of the order of 1000 or greater
6) Must have high CMRR to reduce interference due to the common-
mode signal
7) The gain must be correctly calibrated.
8) This is provided by a standard signal source that is momentarily
connected to the input of the amplifier
Apart from the above common basic requirements, each specific
application calls for additional requirements.
Biopotential Amplifier 2
Carrier Amplifier
• transducers based on changes in L or C require
sinusodial AC excitation
• resistive devices, such as strain gauges- may often be
utilized more effectively if operated with AC.
• carrier amplifiers permit the amplification of slowly
changing (low-frequency) events and those containing
static AC components by means of stable, high gain AC
amplifiers.
• Carrier amplifiers can operate over a very narrow
band of frequencies. By so limiting the BW
requirements of the amplifier, noise to the device
which falls outside the pass band of the amplifier does
not appear in the output.
• The ratio of signal to noise is increased accordingly
Biopotential Amplifier 3
Carrier Amplifier

Biopotential Amplifier 4
Chopper Amplifier
• DC amplifiers exhibit a certain amount of drift---the
output will shift continually even though the input is
zero or constant.
• In sensitive amplifiers, this drift may be quite
troublesome.
• The measurement of low-level DC signals or slowly
changing voltages is commonly encountered in
biomedical studies.
• A solution to the problem of drift and stability in DC
amplifiers is the use of the chopper amplifier,

Biopotential Amplifier 5
Chopper Amplifier

Biopotential Amplifier 6
Chopper Amplifier

Switching of S1
and S2 can be done
electronically at
much higher
frequency

Biopotential Amplifier 7
Chopper Amplifier

Biopotential Amplifier 8

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