Detailed Notes: Types of Operating Systems
1. Batch Operating System
• Executes batches of jobs without user interaction.
• Jobs are collected, processed, and executed in groups.
• Example: Early IBM mainframes.
• Advantages: Efficient for large jobs.
• Disadvantages: No real-time interaction.
2. Time-Sharing Operating System
• Allows multiple users to share system resources simultaneously.
• Each user gets a time slice (CPU scheduling).
• Example: UNIX, Multics.
• Advantages: Interactive, supports multi-user.
• Disadvantages: More overhead due to context switching.
3. Distributed Operating System
• Manages a group of distinct computers as a single system.
• Tasks are distributed among connected machines.
• Example: LOCUS, Amoeba.
• Advantages: Resource sharing, scalability.
• Disadvantages: Network dependency.
4. Network Operating System (NOS)
• Provides services to computers connected via a network.
• Manages data, users, security, and applications over a LAN/WAN.
• Example: Windows Server, Novell NetWare.
• Advantages: Centralized management.
• Disadvantages: High cost, requires dedicated servers.
5. Real-Time Operating System (RTOS)
• Designed for applications that require immediate response.
• Two types: Hard RTOS → Deadlines must always be met; Soft RTOS → Deadlines are
important but not strict.
• Example: VxWorks, QNX, RTLinux.
• Advantages: Predictable, reliable.
• Disadvantages: Complex and expensive.
6. Multiprogramming Operating System
• Multiple programs reside in memory; CPU switches between them.
• Improves CPU utilization.
• Example: IBM OS/360.
• Advantages: Increases throughput.
• Disadvantages: Requires more memory.
7. Multitasking Operating System
• Allows execution of multiple tasks at the same time.
• Example: Windows, Linux, macOS.
• Advantages: Better user productivity.
• Disadvantages: High CPU load if too many processes.
8. Mobile Operating System
• Specifically designed for smartphones, tablets, and PDAs.
• Example: Android, iOS, Windows Mobile.
• Advantages: Touchscreen optimized, portable.
• Disadvantages: Limited compared to desktop OS.
