Map scale refers to the relationship (or ratio) between distance on a
map and the corresponding distance on the ground.
Statement scale is type of map scale expression in which scale is
expressed in form of a written statement, for example one
centimeter on the map represent ten centimeter on the ground. This
can also be expressed in short as 1cm represent 10km or 1cm to
10km.
Ratio or Fractional Scale: the ratio between a distance on a map and
the actual distance on the ground – 1:62,500 (or 1/62,500) means
that one unit (e.g., an inch) on the map equals 62,500 of the same
units on the ground.
A graphic scale is a bar marked off like a ruler with labels outlining
the distances the segments represent. Just as you would with a
written or verbal scale to measure distance with this type of scale
you would use a ruler.
i) Plain Scale or Graphic Scale is used to measure up to two consecutive units, i.e. a unit and its
immediate sub division.
(ii) Diagonal Scale is used to represent three consecutive units i.e. a unit and its immediate two sub
divisions.