Analogue and Digital Communication Lab

(EL-3003)

LABORATORY MANUAL

Dr. Muhammaad Ibrar Khan

Engr. Tooba

Perform Signal Analysis Using a Digital

Oscilloscope on Hardware
(LAB # 02)
Student Name:Muhammad Usman

Roll No: 23I-6172 Section: B

Date performed: _______________________

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NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF COMPUTER AND EMERGING SCIENCES, ISLAMABAD

Prepared by: Engr. Fakhar Abbas Version: 2.01

Verified by: Dr. Shahzad Saleem, Updated: Fall 2025
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Communication Lab
(EL-3003)
of Computer and Emerging Sciences
Islamabad Fall 2025
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Lab # 02: Perform Signal Analysis Using a Digital Oscilloscope on
Hardware
Learning Objectives:
1.​ Introduction to Analogue and Digital Communication
2.​ Use of ETEK FG-2002 Power Supply
3.​ Function Generator Siglent SDG1010
4.​ Use of Digital Storage Oscilloscope
5.​ Introduction to Digital and Analogue Communication Trainers
Equipment Required:
1.​ ETEK FG-2002 Board
2.​ Function Generator Siglent SDG1010
3.​ Digital Storage Oscilloscope
4.​ Digital and Analogue Communication Trainers
5.​ Probes

1.​ Analogue and Digital Communication:

Every day, in our work and in our leisure time,we come in contact with and use a variety of modern
communication systems and communication media, themost common beingthe telephone, radio, television,
and the Internet. Through these media we are able to communicate (nearly) instantaneously with people on
different continents, transact our daily business, and receive information about various developments and
events that occur all around the world. Electronic mail and facsimile transmission have made it possible to
rapidly communicate written messages across great distances. Can you imagine a world without telephones,
radio, and TV? Yet, when you think about it, most of these modern-day communication systems were
invented and developed during the past century.
Communication is the transfer of information from one place to another. Radio communication uses
electrical energy to transmit [Link] transmitted information is the intelligence signal or message
[Link] signals are in the Audio Frequency (AF) range of low frequencies from about 20 Hz to 20
kHz.
2.​ ETEK FG-2002 Board:
​ ​ ETEK FG-2002 board serves for two purposes. First is Function generator and second is DC
Power Supply. We can use it for both purposes simultaneously.

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2.1​ DC Power Supply​

1. Triple bipolar voltage outputs​
2. Constrant voltage operation​
3. Low ripple and noise

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3.​ Function Generator Siglent SDG1010
The Siglent SDG1010 can be used to create a significant amount of different waveforms across several
different ranges and types.
As standard this device features 10MHz maximum output frequency, has 2 output channels and uses
sampling rate of 125MSa/s. It also has wave length of 16kpts, frequency resolution of 1µHz and 14 bit
vertical resolution.
This model is basically an improved version of the SDG1005, which only featured 5Mhz maximum
output frequency and has lower range for each wave type.
The SDG1010 can be used to inject the following wave types:
●​ Sine Wave - 1µHz – 10MHz
●​ Square Wave - 1µHz – 10MHz
●​ Pulse - 500µHz – 5MHZ
●​ Ramp – 1µHz – 300KHz
●​ Gaussian White Noise – 10MHz bandwidth (-3db)
●​ Arbitrary Wave - 1µHz – 5Mhz
This product also includes modulation functions (AM, FM, PM, DSB-AM, FSK, ASK, PWM, Sweep and
Burst) and a frequency counter between 100mHz and 200Mhz.

Note: data sheet of siglent SDG1010 function generator can be downloaded from following link:
[Link] ​
​

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4.​ Tektronix TDS2012 2Ch, 100MHz, 1GSa / s Digital Storage Oscilloscope

The Tektronix TDS2012 with 100 MHz bandwidth and 1 GS / s maximum sample rate, no other color
digital storage oscilloscope offers as much bandwidth and sample rate for the price. The TDS2012
oscilloscopes Provide accurate real-time acquisition up to Their full bandwidth. These instruments offer
advanced triggering,: such as pulse width triggering and line-selectable video triggering, and 11 standard
automatic measurements. The Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) math function Allows the user to analyze,
characterize and troubleshoot circuits by viewing frequency and signal strength (standard).
5.1​Features & Benefits:
• Belt Widths: 100 MHz
• sample rates: 1 GS / s
• Channels: 2
• 2.5K Record Length
• Vertical Resolution: 8
bits
• Vertical Sensitivity 2
mV to 5 V / div
• Color or Monochrome
LCD display
• Auto Set Menu with
waveform Selection
• sample check Wizard to Ensure Correct sample Usage
• context-Sensitive Help
• Dual Time Base
• Advanced triggering
• 11 Automatic Measurements
• Multi-language User interface
• waveform and Setup Memories
• FFT standard on All Models
• Optional RS232, GPIB and Centronics printer interface with TDS2CMAX modules
• Optional CompactFlash Mass Storage Option with TDS2MEM modules TDSPCS1 Open Choice
PC Communication Software
5.2​Applications:
Design and Debug
Education and Training
Manufacturing Test and Quality Control
Service and Repair

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6.​ Digital and Analogue Communication Trainers
In order to resarch, innovate and develop a novel and functional product, it is necessary to practice the
basic techniques step by step in proper sequence. These digital and analogue communication trainers
provide us a good opportunity to practice the basic techniques of digital and analogue communication.
There are two type of analogue communication trainers boards. First type of boards are for the analogue
communication experiments. Second type of boards are for the digital communication expeiments.
There are total 9 digital and analogue communication trainers. Out of which half are for analogue
communication experiments and half are for digital communication experiments.

TASK # 01:
Calibration of Digital Storage Oscilloscope:
1.​ Switch ON the oscilloscope.
2.​ Press the Utility button on the top side (2nd Row from top, 1st button).
3.​ Press button against the Do Self Cal (calculation), now Press OK, wait for a while to finish the self
calibration.
4.​ After finishing the self calibration, press Auto Set button.
Testing of Probe:
1.​ Connect the oscilloscope probe to either Channel 1 or Channel 2.
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2.​ If signal is clipped, it can be corrected using screw at the beginning of the probe (you can find a
hole at the start of the probe).
3.​ Now press Probe Chek button at the right most column buttons to check the probe

Using Autoset Button:

1.​ Automatically sets the oscilloscope controls to produce a stable display of the input signals.
2.​ It automatically adjusts the vertical scale, horizontal scale and trigger settings.
3.​ Autoset also displays several automatic measurements in the graticule area, depending on the signal
type.

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Saving a
Setup:
1.​ The oscilloscope saves the current setup if you wait five seconds after the last change before you
power off the oscilloscope.
2.​ The oscilloscope recalls this setup the next time you apply power.
3.​ You can use the SAVE/RECALL Menu to permanently save up to ten different setups.
Recalling a Setup:
The oscilloscope can recall the last setup before power off, any of your saved setups or the default setup.
Display Button:
1.​ Here you have two options under Type Heading: Vectors or dots.
2.​ You can increase or decrease the contrast (brightness option).
Acquire Button:
1.​ Here you can select the Peak detect or select the average.. Normally, we select the Peak detect.
2.​ No. of samples can also vary from 4 to 128.
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Trigger Button:
1.​ You can change the type of Trigger for example edge.
2.​ You can set the slope of trigger: rising or falling
3.​ Mode has two options normal and auto (in auto mode signal moves continuously and in normal
mode, signal stops).
4.​ Coupling has multiple options like AC,DC. Noise reject etc.
Position Knobs:
●​ There are two position knobs: horizontal as well as vertical through which postion of signal can be
varied horizontally or veritcally
Volt/Div and Sec/Div Knobs:
●​ These knobs are used to change the volts/div and sec/div of the signal displayed on oscilloscope.​
Cursors:
1.​ This method allows you to take measurements by moving the cursors, which always appear in
pairs, and reading their numeric values from the display readouts.
2.​ There are two types of cursors: Voltage and Time.
3.​ When you use cursors, be sure to set the Source to the waveform on the display that you want to
measure. To use cursors, push the CURSOR button.
Voltage Cursors:
●​ Voltage cursors appear as horizontal lines on the display and measure the vertical parameters.
Time Cursors.
●​ Time cursors appear as vertical lines on the display and measure the horizontal parameters.

RUN/STOP:
●​ Continuously acquires waveforms
or stops the acquisition.
PRINT:
●​ Starts print operations. An extension module with a Centronics, RS-232, or GPIB port is required.

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Islamabad Fall 2025
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TASK # 02:
Taking Simple Measurements
●​ Generate a sinusoidal signal of 2 KHz, 2Vpp using Channel 1 of Function Generator Siglent
SDG1010.
●​ We want to display the signal on digital oscilloscope and measure its frequency, period, and
peak-to-peak amplitude.
●​ Push the output button displayed above the CH1of Function Generator to view the signal on
oscilloscope.
●​ Connect the probes of function generator to that of oscilloscope i-e; postive to positive and ground
to ground respectively.
●​ Use Channel 1 of the digital oscilloscope.

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Using Autoset
To quickly display a signal, follow these steps:
1.​ Push the CH 1 MENU button and set the Probe option attenuation to 10X.
2.​ Set the switch to 10X on the P2200 probe.
3.​ Connect the channel 1 probe to the signal.
4.​ Push the AUTOSET button.
The oscilloscope sets the vertical, horizontal, and trigger controls automatically. If you want to optimize
the display of the waveform, you can manually adjust these controls.
NOTE. The oscilloscope displays relevant automatic measurements in the waveform area of the screen
based on the signal type detected.

TASK # 03:

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Taking Automatic Measurements​
The oscilloscope can take automatic measurements of most displayed signals. To measure signal
frequency, period, and peak-to-peak amplitude, rise time, and positive width, follow these steps:
1.​ Push the MEASURE button to see the Measure Menu.
2.​ Push the top option button; the Measure 1 Menu appears.
3.​ Push the Type option button and select Freq. The Value readout displays the measurement and
updates.
NOTE. If a question mark (?) displays in the Value readout, turn the VOLTS/DIV knob for the appropriate
channel to increase the sensitivity or change the SEC/DIV setting.
4.​ Push the Back option button.
5.​ Push the second option button from the top; the Measure 2 Menu appears.
6.​ Push the Type option button and select Period. The Value readout displays the measurement and
updates.
7.​ Push the Back option button.
8.​ Push the middle option button; the Measure 3 Menu appears.
9.​ Push the Type option button and select Pk-Pk. The Value readout displays the measurement and
updates.
10.​Push the Back option button.
11.​Push the second option button from the bottom; the Measure 4 Menu appears.
12.​Push the Type option button and select Rise Time. The Value readout displays the measurement
and updates.
13.​Push the Back option button.
14.​Push the bottom option button; the Measure 5 Menu appears.
15.​Push the Type option button and select Pos Width. The Value readout displays the measurement
and updates.
16.​Push the Back option button.

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TASK # 04:
Math FFT
This Task contains detailed information on how to use the Math FFT (Fast Fourier Transform). You can
use the FFT Math mode to convert a time-domain (YT) signal into its frequency omponents (spectrum).
Setting Up the Time-Domain Waveform
Before you use FFT mode, you need to set up the time-domain (YT) waveform. To do so, follow these
steps:
1.​ Push AUTOSET to display a YT waveform.
2.​ Turn the VERTICAL POSITION knob to move the YT waveform to the center vertically (zero
divisions). This ensures that the FFT will show a true DC value.
3.​ Turn the VOLTS/DIV knob to ensure that the entire waveform
4.​ remains on the screen. The oscilloscope may display erroneous
5.​ FFT results (by adding high frequency components) if the entire waveform is not visible.
6.​ Turn the SEC/DIV knob to provide the resolution you want in the FFT spectrum.
7.​ If possible, set the oscilloscope to display many signal cycles. If you turn the SEC/DIV knob to
select a faster setting (fewer cycles), the FFT spectrum shows a larger frequency range, and
reduces the possibility of FFT aliasing. However, the oscilloscope also displays less frequency
resolution.

To set up the FFT display, follow these steps:

1.​ Push the MATH MENU button.
2.​ Set the Operation option to FFT.
3.​ Select the Math FFT Source channel.
In many cases, the oscilloscope can produce a useful FFT spectrum even if the YT waveform is not
triggered. This is especially true if your signal is periodic or random (noisy).
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Islamabad Fall 2025
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TASK # 05:
1.​ Generate two sinusoidal signals using the Siglent SDG1010 Function Generator with the
following constraints:
o​ Amplitude range: 1 Vpp – 2 Vpp
o​ Frequency range: 400 kHz – 520 kHz
(Each student should select their own values from the given ranges.)
2.​ Display both signals on the Digital Storage Oscilloscope (DSO).
3.​ Use the Measure and Cursor buttons to determine the following for each signal:
o​ Frequency
o​ Voltage (Vpp)
o​ Time period
4.​ Use the Math Menu button to obtain the FFT spectrum in the frequency domain.
5.​ Add a 2 V DC Offset from the Siglent SDG1010 Function Generator and observe its effects on the
signals in both the time domain and the frequency domain.
6.​ Enable and compare the signal under different coupling modes on the oscilloscope:
o​ DC Coupling
o​ AC Coupling
o​ Ground Coupling

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Assessment Rubric
LLO Statement Assessment Exemplary Proficient Developing Beginning Worst
Method (20%) (20%) (20%) (20%) Performance
(20%)
2 Conduct Practical Skill Able to attempt Able to Able to attempt Able to attempt Able to attempt
Observation complete lab with attempt to 75% of the lab tasks 50% of the lab 25% of the lab
experiments in
during proper 100% of the tasks tasks
laboratory experimentati setup/explanation lab tasks
related to on & Lab of results without
analog Reports proper
setup/explan
modulation
ation of
schemes and results
analog-to-digit
al converter.

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Lab Report: AD COM

Lab #02

Name: Muhammad Usman

Roll No: 23I-6172

Objectives

The purpose of this experiment was to develop hands-on skills with the Siglent
SDG1010 Function Generator and the Digital Storage Oscilloscope (DSO). The
focus was on generating various signals, measuring their characteristics (such as
frequency, period, and peak-to-peak voltage), analyzing them in the frequency
spectrum using the FFT tool, and observing how DC offset and different input
coupling modes influence the displayed signals.

Equipment

Siglent SDG1010 Function Generator, Digital Storage Oscilloscope, P2200 probes,

and BNC connectors.

What I Learned

I can now set up the oscilloscope correctly, including performing self-calibration

and adjusting probe compensation.

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I generated sine waveforms and determined their parameters using both
automated MEASURE functions and manual CURSOR measurements.

By applying FFT, I was able to transform a time-domain signal into its

frequency-domain representation, learning that centering the waveform is
necessary for reliable readings.

Adding a DC offset shifted the waveform vertically in the time domain, while in the
frequency domain it produced a significant spike at 0 Hz.

I explored the differences between input coupling modes: AC coupling blocks the
DC component, DC coupling displays both AC and DC parts, and GND coupling
shows the zero-voltage reference line.

Problems & Solutions

No Signal: Resolved by rechecking cable connections and turning on the output of

the function generator.

Incorrect Voltage Values: The oscilloscope was set to 1X while the probe was on
10X. Matching the settings fixed the measurement error.

Unclear FFT Display: The waveform was not centered. Repositioning it with the
vertical adjustment knob improved the FFT output.

Waveform Distortion: Fixed by tuning the probe’s compensation screw using the
oscilloscope’s calibration output.

Conclusion

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This session served as a practical introduction to fundamental lab instruments. I
gained essential experience in creating, measuring, and analyzing signals in both
the time and frequency domains. Additionally, I learned effective troubleshooting
methods for common setup and measurement issues, improving my confidence in
handling test equipment.

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