Uo ed Pee S LN SAI Deer ee ete eee te RR ae ce cd PE eect ea a e ERC S one Om RU Secae heater Rea nC Ea LNT GyOSs) 8 Singapore aero Before You Read The Global Cites Index i a list of the world’s most A, Discussion, Study the chart above and read the information powerful and important about the Global Cities Index. Then answer these questi s. cities. There are 66 cities in total. The top 18 cities in 2011 are listed above. Each 2. In what ways are the top four cities similar to and different city gets a score in five areas. from one another? 1. Why do you think the city names are in different colors? 3. What do you think makes the top cities special? B. Predict. Which city or cities do you think will become more important in the future? Complete the sentence and read the passage to cheek your ideas. In the future, I think will become more important because 64 its(=a » err rT Cyt er TT Td, gsageaeh BUGAEEeath PARDEE ath Peay acl ols lols t+Is ls NS = cepa The Global Cities Index “New York City is a star—the city of cities," wrote author John Gunther. But why is New York—or London, Paris, or Tokyo—a great city? To answer this question, the creators of the Global Cities index looked at five business, people, media, entertainment, and politics Factor fie How many global companies are in the city? Does the city do a lot of busines Does the city talented! people from around the world? 's universities good? How many residents have college degrees? asy to get news and information from different Wy, radio, Internet}? How many residents have Internet access? Does the city have many entertainment museums, sports, music, RAMMMMMIR an6 citferent types of restaurants? Pay ies? and international organizations? are in the city? Atalented person has ‘An embassy 0 g0 An organization s 2 group of peop! org for acemain reason. nitsA 65» 5 a w | Future Leaders ‘As the chart on pages 64-65 shows, most cities on the Global Cities index are strong in certain areas. Seoul's strength, for example, is business (it gets over five money icons), while Los Angeles's strength is people, New York, London, Paris, and Tokyo are at the top because they are strong in all five areas Which cities will be more powerful in the future? Creators of the Global Cities Index predict the most growth in the following areas: ‘© Asia: In China, cities such as Beijing and Shanghai will grow, especially in the area of business. In ten years, they may be as powerful as New York or Tokyo. Indian cities such as Mumbai and New Delhi also have a lot of business potential. © South America: Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo in Brazil, and Bogoté in Colombia, will be more powerful. In these cities, the middle class*is growing, and life for many is improving. + The Middle East: Istanbul and Ankara in Turkey, and Cairo in Egypt, will have more influence in international business and politics—especially in helping East and West work together. In ten years, the top four cities on the index may be different, but one thing is certain. With over 50 percent of the world's population. now living in urban areas, tomorrow's global cities will be more powerful than ever. A dusk view of — central Cairo 4 The middleclass is 2 category of people. They earn more than the working last but ss than the upper clas. I incedes professional and business peopleMultiple Choice. Choose the best answer for each question iene 2. What is the reading mainly about? a. why certain global cities are important b, the fastest growing cities in the world ©. global cities that are equally strong in many areas i. Asian cities that will be important in ten years ‘What is the purpose of the chart at the bottom of page 657 a. to show the factors used to rank the cities 'b. to examine the reasons some cities scored poorly ec. to show questions the researchers asked city leaders d. to describe why business is more important than polities What is NOT covered in the Global Cities Index? a. food b. weather ¢. education 4d. sports Which parts of the world are predicted to grow in the area of business? a. Asia and North America b. Asia and South America ¢, South America and the Middle East 4. Asia and the Middle East ‘What does many refer to in line 20? a. many cities b. many people c, many businesses . many times In line 26, what does urban refer to? a. cities and towns b. the future «the globe 4. political power Did You Know? It’s believed that people in New York City speak over 800 different languages— the largest number of languages spoken in any city. ‘Which statement would the writer probably agree with? a. A global city is a powerful city. b, Fewer people will live in cities in the future. -¢. The global index will probably have the same cities ten years from now. 4. Tomorrow's global cities will probably be less powerful than today’s. Unit sa 67Understanding Charts and Graphs | Writers sometimes use charts and graphs to show information in a visual way. They can contain important details not mentioned in the text. One of the most common types of graphs is the bar graph. A bar graph uses either horizontal bars going across (also known as the x-axis) or vertical bars going up (also known as the y_ to show | comparisons among categories. One axis (either x or y) shows the specific categories being compared, and the other axis represents a certain value. For example: |» Top Coffee Consumers The tle states TTT what the gaph Beast —— Charts and graphs is about — wil normally include oe The axis shows the value their sources ance er amount, in tis case, of The years shows | Russia coffee consumed in bilions of the categories, in cba pounds, by each country. this case, ferent | fadonesia seowant sone counties, 2 wvrorenaa coe A. Understanding Charts and Graphs. Look back at the chart on pages 64-65. ‘Then complete the description below. The chart compares the world's most important and powerful i... Each city gets a score in 2. different areas as shown by the icons (small pictures). The purple icon is politics. The orange one is 3. The 4. one is media. The blue one is 5. ___, and the 6. one is business. B. Multiple Choice. Use the chart on pages 64~65 to answer each question, 1. Which city scores the highest for business? a. NewYork City b. London ~—c. Paris. «=. Tokyo 2. In what area does London score the highest? a, business: b, people © media 4, entertainment 3. How many cities have higher scores in politics than in entertainment? a. none b. one ©. two 4. three SEENEIAETD Discuss with a partner, Which city in the chart on pages 64~65 would you like to live in the most? Why? 6B Unit SkA. Matching. Read the information below. Then match each word in red with its definition. Times Square in New York City attracts about 40 million people every year, including many international tourists. Factors that make Times Square such a popular place include a huge variety of entertainment options, such as movie theaters, restaurants, and shopping. It is especially famous for its Broadway shows. A __: choices 23 in particular : involving two or more countries 4. things that influence a result 5. pulls; draws in B. Words in Context. Complete each sentence with the ‘correct answer, Times Square, in 4, If you have access to something, you have , New York is one ofthe worlds most populat tourist attractions. a. alist of reasons to support it. a way to get or use it 2. A person who has influence over something has a, power to change b. questions about 3. When you predict something, you say something a, never happened b, will or might happen 4. If someone has potential, he or she has an ability that __ a, cannot be developed ». canbe developed 5. Examples of sources of information might be _ a. questions and ideas b. newspapers and websites Unitsa 69b, the history of Rio's neighborhoods Favelas, such as this one on.a & Around the world, Rio de Janeiro is famous for its beautiful beaches a and Carnival celebration. But the city is also known for its poor areas, known as favelas. For years, many favelas had high poverty! and crime rates. However, things are starting to change. In the past, many favelas received very little government assistance. Neighborhood residents had to build their own streets and homes. Gangs? were also common, and so were guns. However, a new government plan is starting to change this, The city is sending thousands of police officers into favelas with the goal of driving out? the gangs. In some favelas, the plan is already working, Crime is down, and unlike in the past, children are playing in the streets again New apartment buildings are being built, and the city is providing more services. "In 20 years," says police officer Leonardo Nogueira, "the children who live here now... will be different people.” Police influence is changing the favelas, but something else is, too. Today, more Brazilians are moving into these neighborhoods because housing is expensive in other parts of Rio. “Favelas are a place for young doctors without much money to get started and young architects to start working,” explains Simone Miranda, a Rio tour guide. In the past, favela residents felt different—separate from the test of Rio. "But now," says Miranda, “they feel part of the society of Brazil." Life is improving in the favelas, but there are still challenges. In some areas, poverty rates are still high. As students, families, and foreigners move into the favelas, property costs skyrocket. In some places, housing has more than doubled in price. Despite this, favela residents are hopeful. If Rio can develop these favelas for ail residents—both poor and middle class—the city could become a model for other cities with similar problems, 1 Powerty is the state of being very poor 2 A gangis a group of (usually young) people They go around together and often make touble 53 To ide out is to.chase sway, es STMultiple Choice. Choose the best answer for each question. ENGERE) 1. Another title for this reading could be ; a. A History of Rio's Favelas 'b. Crime on the Rise in Rio's Favelas ¢. Favelas, Rio's New Tourist Destination 4. How Rio's Favelas Are Changing Which of these things found in favelas is NOT mentioned in the reading? a. art b. guns c. gangs 4. poverty RBA 3. What was true about favelas in the past? a. They got a lot of government assistance. b. There were no gangs. €. Many police officers worked there. 4. Children didn’t play in the streets very much. 1 = Which statement would tour guide Simone Miranda probably agree with? a. More favela residents now feel a part of Brazilian culture. b. The police officers in the favelas cause many problems. . Young people from Rio should not move into the favelas. d. There will be no more favelas in 20 years. ‘(GBR 5. What is the purpose of the third paragraph? 1a. to discuss the high costs of housing in Rio Did You Know? b, to explain why architects are choosing to study in favelas ‘In. 1996, Michael Jackson c. to talk about how newer residents are changing the favelas filmed a part of the video d. to compare Favela and non-favela residents dorathey Dont Really Core About Us at the Santa (WOGBUGAY) 6. In line 25, what does skyrocket mean? Marta favela. a. to increase quickly b, to drop slowly c. to become dangerous d. to become smaller (RGGR 7. What can you replace shis with in the following sentence: Despite this, favela residents are hopeful {lines 26-27). a. these areas bb. these foreigners «. these cheap houses . these challenges 72 unitsUnderstanding a Writer’s Use of Quotes A writer may choose to include the exact words from a souree. These are set off by quotation marks (“ "). Quoting can be done for various reasons, such | as the following ‘To add a supporting statement or question: Locals aren’t waiting for others to solve their problems. “It's important for us | to fix things ourselves,” said one favela resident. To provide expert evidence for an argument: Both countries need closer ties. "I consider the relationship with the U.S. very important to Brazil," said Brazil president Dilma Roussel. To highlight an interesting or memorable phrase: | Many tourists visit favelas, but some people feel this “poverty tourism” is not appropriate A. Scanning. Look back at the reading on page 71 again. Underline the quotes. Discuss with a partner: Why did the writer include them? B, Identifying Purpose. What do you think is the purpose for the following quotes? 1, Rio has many problems including poverty, crime, and low wages. “It happens in the whole world, but I would say here the {problems are] greater,” says José Mariano Beltrame, State Secretary of Public Security. a. to provide expert evidence for an argument bb. to highlight a memorable phrase 2, The area around the Olympic stadium is fall of cars and malls but little else that makes it special. The place is known as “the Rio that forgot it is Rio.” a. to provide expert evidence for an argument. b.to light an intere: or memorable phrase 3. Favela resident Sérgio Souza de Andrade explains that people fear the future without the police. “What will happen when they leave?” he asks. a. to. add a supporting statement or question bb. to highlight an interesting or memorable phrase GENESITECETY Discuss with a partner. Do you think itis a good thing that more people from other parts of society are moving into the favelas? Give reasons for your answer. unit s8 73A. Completion. Complete the information by circling the correct word or phrase in each pair. B. Words in Context. Complete each sentence | Favela Tours If you visit Rio, should you visit a favela? Favela tours may be popular, ‘but not everyone agrees they are a good idea Atits best, a favela tour allows visitors to see a favela up close. Some tours also 1. (provide / move into) jobs for 2. (residents / property) (e.g., as guides, drivers, and artists). The local people earn money, which can then be used to help 3. (move into / develop) the favela. While some favelas 4. (receive / move into) money from tours, sometimes litle is actually given back to the neighborhood. in addition, some people feel that favelas are much like zoos, with visitors in buses kept 5. (separate / common) from the people living there. It’s important, too, to remember that a favela can be dangerous. 6. (Crime / Model) remains a problem, and a tour operator cannot ensure a visitor's safety. with the correct answer. 1. If something acts as a model for something, itsa example. a. good. b. bad 2, When you maye into a neighborhood, you a. begin to e there b, leave it forever 3. If something is common, it 7 a. rarely happens b. happens often 4. A person who owns property owns a. land b. animals © Boys surrounded by colorful buildings in Santa Marta favela 7 uniteVIEWING WIL tts Before You Watch A. Discussion. Read the information on one of New York City’s newest high-rise buildings. Then discuss the questions below with a partner, Name: One Bryant Park Location: New York City Year begun: 2004 ‘Year completed: 2009 ‘Height: 290 meters -Height including spire: 365 meters Number of floors: 55 Earth removed for foundation: 198,000 cubic meters Building cost: 1 billion dollars 1. How long did the building take to complete? 2, What part of the building do you think the spire is? How tall is it? 3. What part of the building do you think the foundation is? 4, What do you think was challenging about building One Bryant Park? ase ait i sity Ty One Bryant Park, one of > New York City’s tallest styserapers, is located on Sixth Avenue, opposite Bryant Park. Viewing 75,‘A. Noticing. Check (7) the challenges of building a high-rise that the video discusses. G digging the foundation © bringing materials to the building site B working in bad weather Gi iifting materials up to the building (arriving big trucks in city traffic (11 putting things together high above the ground i causing things to drop on the ground B. Completion. Circle the correct word or phrase to complete each sentence. One Bryant Park is on the corner of The crane operator is so high he is not able to (Sth Avenue / 6th Avenue) (talk with others / see what he's lifting). The (size / shape) of the water tank The building's spire is put together makes it difficult to place. (on / above) the ground. Critical Thinking. Discuss these questions with a partner, 1, What are some advantages—and disadvantages—of living in a high-rise building like One Bryant Park? 2, One Bryant Park cost a billion dollars to complete. What do you think made it so expensive? 16 Wewiog