SCIENCE (52)

PHYSICS
SCIENCE Paper - 1

Aims: 3. To develop instrumental, communication,

1. To acquire knowledge and understanding of the deductive and problem-solving skills.
terms, facts, concepts, definitions, laws, principles 4. To discover that there is a living and growing
and processes of Physics. physics relevant to the modern age in which we
2. To develop skills in practical aspects of handling live.
apparatus, recording observations and in drawing
diagrams, graphs, etc.

CLASS IX

There will be one paper of two hours duration Examples of Scalar and vector quantities only,
carrying 80 marks and Internal Assessment of rest and motion in one dimension; distance and
practical work carrying 20 marks. displacement; speed and velocity; acceleration
Note: Unless otherwise specified, only SI Units are to and retardation; distance-time and velocity-time
be used while teaching and learning, as well as for graphs; meaning of slope of the graphs; [Non-
answering questions. uniform acceleration excluded].
Equations to be derived: v = u + at;
1. Measurements and Experimentation
S = ut + ½at2; S = ½(u+v)t; v2 = u2 + 2aS.
(i) International System of Units, the required [Equation for S n th is not included].
SI units with correct symbols are given at
the end of this syllabus. Other commonly Simple numerical problems.
used system of units - fps and cgs. 3. Laws of Motion
(ii) Measurements using common instruments, (i) Contact and non-contact forces; cgs & SI units.
Vernier callipers and micro-metre screw Examples of contact forces (frictional force,
gauge for length, and simple pendulum for normal reaction force, tension force as
time. applied through strings and force exerted
Measurement of length using, Vernier during collision) and non-contact forces
callipers and micro-metre screw gauge. (gravitational, electric and magnetic).
General properties of non-contact forces. cgs
Decreasing least-count leads to an increase in
and SI units of force and their relation with
accuracy; least-count (LC) of Vernier
Gravitational units.
callipers and screw gauge), zero error (basic
idea), (no numerical problems on callipers (ii) Newton’s First Law of Motion (qualitative
and screw gauge), simple pendulum; time discussion) introduction of the idea of inertia,
period, frequency, graph of length l versus T2 mass and force.
Newton's first law; statement and qualitative
only; slope of the graph. Formula T=2.π. l g discussion; definitions of inertia and force
[no derivation]. Only simple numerical from first law, examples of inertia as
problems. illustration of first law. (Inertial mass not
included).
2. Motion in One Dimension
(iii)Newton’s Second Law of Motion (including
Scalar and vector quantities, distance, speed, F=ma); weight and mass.
velocity, acceleration; graphs of distance-time and
speed-time; equations of uniformly accelerated Detailed study of the second law. Linear
motion with derivations. momentum, p = mv; change in momentum ∆p
 = ∆(mv) = m∆v for mass remaining constant, of cases where bodies with density ρ >, = or
rate of change of momentum; < the density ρ' of the fluid in which it is
immersed.
∆ p/∆ t = m∆v /∆t = ma or
p 2 - p1 mv - mu m ( v - u ) Relative Density (RD) and Archimedes’
{ = = = ma } ; principle. Experimental determination of RD
t t t of a solid and liquid denser than water.
Simple numerical problems combining Floatation: principle of floatation; relation
between the density of a floating body, density
F = ∆p /∆t = ma and equations of motion. of the liquid in which it is floating and the
Units of force - only cgs and SI. fraction of volume of the body immersed;
(iv) Newton’s Third Law of Motion (qualitative (ρ 1 /ρ 2 = V 2 /V 1 ); apparent weight of floating
discussion only); simple examples. object; application to ship, submarine,
iceberg, balloons, etc.
Statement with qualitative discussion;
examples of action - reaction pairs, (F BA and Simple numerical problems involving
F AB ); action and reaction always act on Archimedes’ principle, buoyancy and
different bodies. floatation.
(v) Gravitation 5. Heat and Energy
Universal Law of Gravitation. (Statement and (i) Concepts of heat and temperature.
equation) and its importance. Gravity, Heat as energy, SI unit – joule,
acceleration due to gravity, free fall. Weight
and mass, Weight as force of gravity 1 cal = 4.186 J exactly.
comparison of mass and weight; gravitational (ii) Anomalous expansion of water; graphs
units of force, (Simple numerical problems), showing variation of volume and density of
(problems on variation of gravity excluded) water with temperature in the 0 to 10 0C
4. Fluids range. Hope’s experiment and consequences
of Anomalous expansion.
(i) Change of pressure with depth (including the
formula p=hρg); Transmission of pressure in (iii) Energy flow and its importance:
liquids; atmospheric pressure. Understanding the flow of energy as Linear
Thrust and Pressure and their units; pressure and linking it with the laws of
exerted by a liquid column p = hρg; simple Thermodynamics- ‘Energy is neither created
daily life examples, (i) broadness of the base nor destroyed’ and ‘No Energy transfer is
of a dam, (ii) Diver’s suit etc. some 100% efficient.
consequences of p = hρg; transmission of (iv) Energy sources.
pressure in liquids; Pascal's law; examples;
atmospheric pressure; common manifestation Solar, wind, water and nuclear energy (only
and consequences. Variations of pressure qualitative discussion of steps to produce
with altitude, (qualitative only); applications electricity). Renewable versus non-renewable
such as weather forecasting and altimeter. sources (elementary ideas with example).
(Simple numerical problems) Renewable energy: biogas, solar energy,
(ii) Buoyancy, Archimedes’ Principle; floatation; wind energy, energy from falling of water,
relationship with density; relative density; run-of-the river schemes, energy from waste,
determination of relative density of a solid. tidal energy, etc. Issues of economic viability
and ability to meet demands.
Buoyancy, upthrust (F B ); definition; different
cases, F B >, = or < weight W of the body Non-renewable energy – coal, oil, natural
immersed; characteristic properties of gas. Inequitable use of energy in urban and
upthrust; Archimedes’ principle; explanation rural areas. Use of hydro electrical powers
for light and tube wells.
 (v) Global warming and Green House effect: Elementary ideas and simple applications
Meaning, causes and impact on the life on only. Difference between ultrasonic and
earth. Projections for the future; what needs supersonic.
to be done. 8. Electricity and Magnetism
Energy degradation – meaning and examples. (i) Simple electric circuit using an electric cell
6. Light and a bulb to introduce the idea of current
(including its relationship to charge); potential
(i) Reflection of light; images formed by a pair of difference; insulators and conductors; closed
parallel and perpendicular plane mirrors;
and open circuits; direction of current
Laws of reflection; experimental verification; (electron flow and conventional)
characteristics of images formed in a pair of
mirrors, (a) parallel and (b) perpendicular to Current Electricity: brief introduction of
each other; uses of plane mirrors. sources of direct current - cells, accumulators
(construction, working and equations
(ii) Spherical mirrors; characteristics of image
formed by these mirrors. Uses of concave and excluded); Electric current as the rate of flow
convex mirrors. (Only simple direct ray of electric charge (direction of current -
diagrams are required). conventional and electronic), symbols used in
circuit diagrams. Detection of current by
Brief introduction to spherical mirrors -
Galvanometer or ammeter (functioning of the
concave and convex mirrors, centre and
meters not to be introduced). Idea of electric
radius of curvature, pole and principal axis,
focus and focal length; location of images circuit by using cell, key, resistance
from ray diagram for various positions of a wire/resistance box/rheostat, qualitatively.;
small linear object on the principal axis of elementary idea about work done in
concave and convex mirrors; characteristics transferring charge through a conductor
of images. wire; potential difference V = W/q.
f = R/2 (without proof); sign convention and (No derivation of formula) simple numerical
direct numerical problems using the mirror problems.
formulae are included. (Derivation of
formulae not required) Social initiatives: Improving efficiency of
existing technologies and introducing new
Uses of spherical mirrors. eco-friendly technologies. Creating
Scale drawing or graphical representation of awareness and building trends of sensitive use
ray diagrams not required. of resources and products, e.g. reduced use of
7. Sound electricity.

(i) Nature of Sound waves. Requirement of a (ii) Induced magnetism, Magnetic field of earth.
medium for sound waves to travel; Neutral points in magnetic fields.
propagation and speed in different media; Magnetism: magnetism induced by bar
comparison with speed of light. magnets on magnetic materials; induction
Sound propagation, terms – frequency (f), precedes attraction; lines of magnetic field
wavelength (λ), velocity (V), relation V = fλ. and their properties; evidences of existence of
(Simple numerical problems) effect of different earth’s magnetic field, magnetic compass.
factors on the speed of sound; comparison of Uniform magnetic field of earth and non-
speed of sound with speed of light; uniform field of a bar magnet placed along
consequences of the large difference in these magnetic north-south; neutral point;
speeds in air; thunder and lightning. properties of magnetic field lines.

(ii) Infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic frequencies and (iii) Introduction of electromagnet and its uses.
their applications. Self-explanatory.
 INTERNAL ASSESSMENT OF 5. Obtain five sets of readings of the time taken for
PRACTICAL WORK 20 oscillations of a simple pendulum of lengths
about 70, 80, 90, 100 and 110 cm; calculate the
Candidates will be asked to carry out experiments for
time periods (T) and their squares (T2) for each
which instructions are given. The experiments may be
length (l). Plot a graph of l vs. T2. Draw the best
based on topics that are not included in the syllabus
- fit straight - line graph. Also, obtain its slope.
but theoretical knowledge will not be required. A
Calculate the value of g in the laboratory.
candidate will be expected to be able to follow simple
instructions, to take suitable readings and to present It is 4π2 x slope.
these readings in a systematic form. He/she may be 6. Take a beaker of water. Place it on the wire gauze
required to exhibit his/her data graphically. on a tripod stand. Suspend two thermometers -
Candidates will be expected to appreciate and use the one with Celsius and the other with Fahrenheit
concepts of least count, significant figures and scale. Record the thermometer readings at 5 to 7
elementary error handling. different temperatures. You may start with ice-
A set of 6 to 10 experiments may be designed as given cold water, then allow it to warm up and then heat
below or as found most suitable by the teacher. it slowly taking temperature (at regular intervals)
Students should be encouraged to record their as high as possible. Plot a graph of T F vs. T C .
observations systematically in a neat tabular form - in Obtain the slope. Compare with the theoretical
columns with column heads including units or in value. Read the intercept on T F axis for T C = 0.
numbered rows as necessary. The final result or 7. Using a plane mirror strip mounted vertically on a
conclusion may be recorded for each experiment. board, obtain the reflected rays for three rays
Some of the experiments may be demonstrated (with incident at different angles. Measure the angles of
the help of students) if these cannot be given to each incidence and angles of reflection. See if these
student as lab experiments. angles are equal.
1. Determine the least count of the Vernier callipers 8. Place three object pins at different distances on a
and measure the length and diameter of a small line perpendicular to a plane mirror fixed
cylinder (average of three sets) - may be a metal vertically on a board. Obtain two reflected rays
rod of length 2 to 3 cm and diameter 1 to 2 cm. (for each pin) fixing two pins in line with the
2. Determine the pitch and least count of the given image. Obtain the positions of the images in each
screw gauge and measure the mean radius of the case by extending backwards (using dashed lines),
given wire, taking three sets of readings in the lines representing reflected rays. Measure the
perpendicular directions. object distances and image distances in the three
cases. Tabulate. Are they equal? Generalize the
3. Measure the length, breadth and thickness of a result.
glass block using a metre rule (each reading
correct to a mm), taking the mean of three readings 9. Obtain the focal length of a concave mirror (a)
in each case. Calculate the volume of the block in by distant object method, focusing its real image
cm3 and m3. Determine the mass (not weight) of on a screen or wall and (b) by one needle method
the block using any convenient balance in g and removing parallax or focusing the image of the
kg. Calculate the density of glass in cgs and SI illuminated wire gauze attached to a ray box. One
units using mass and volume in the respective could also improvise with a candle and a screen.
units. Obtain the relation between the two density Enter your observations in numbered rows.
units. 10. Connect a suitable dc source (two dry cells or an
4. Measure the volume of a metal bob (the one used acid cell), a key and a bulb (may be a small one
in simple pendulum experiments) from the used in torches) in series. Close the circuit by
readings of water level in a measuring cylinder inserting the plug in the key. Observe the bulb as
using displacement method. Also calculate the it lights up. Now open the circuit, connect another
same volume from the radius measured using identical bulb in between the first bulb and the cell
Vernier callipers. Comment on the accuracies. so that the two bulbs are in series. Close the key.
Observe the lighted bulbs. How does the light
from any one bulb compare with that in the first
 case when you had only one bulb? Disconnect the south. Plot the magnetic field in the region around
second bulb. Reconnect the circuit as in the first the magnet. Identify the regions where the
experiment. Now connect the second bulb across combined magnetic field of the magnet and the
the first bulb. The two bulbs are connected in earth is (a) strongest, (b) very weak but not zero,
parallel. Observe the brightness of any one bulb. and (c) zero. Why is neutral point, so called?
Compare with previous results. Draw your own
12. Using a spring balance obtain the weight (in N) of
conclusions regarding the current and resistance in
a metal ball in air and then completely immersed
the three cases.
in water in a measuring cylinder. Note the volume
11. Plot the magnetic field lines of earth (without any of the ball from the volume of the water displaced.
magnet nearby) using a small compass needle. On Calculate the upthrust from the first two weights.
another sheet of paper, place a bar magnet with its Also calculate the mass and then weight of the
axis parallel to the magnetic lines of the earth, i.e. water displaced by the bob M=V.ρ, W=mg). Use
along the magnetic meridian or magnetic north the above result to verify Archimedes principle.