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• Clean intro with explanation of input-output combinations (2ⁿ outcomes).
• An overview table of gates with their names.
• Then, each gate gets:
• Short description
• Truth table (clean, simple)
✅ Logic Gates and Logic Circuits – Notes
🔰 Introduction
In digital electronics, logic gates are the building blocks of all digital systems.
• A logic gate processes binary inputs (0 or 1) and produces a binary output.
• The output of logic gates is best understood using a truth table.
• A truth table shows all possible input combinations and their resulting outputs.
📌 Number of Input Combinations
Number of Inputs Total Combinations Formula Used
1 2 2¹
2 4 2²
3 8 2³
4 16 2⁴
🧠 Overview of the 6 Basic Logic Gates
Logic Gate
NOT
AND
OR
NAND
NOR
1
Logic Gate
XOR
🔍 Detailed Logic Gates
🔁 1. NOT Gate (Inverter)
Description:
• A NOT gate has 1 input and 1 output.
• It inverts the input:
• If input is 0 , output is 1
• If input is 1 , output is 0
Truth Table:
A (Input) X (Output)
0 1
1 0
✅ 2. AND Gate
Description:
• Output is 1 only if both inputs are 1 .
• Otherwise, output is 0 .
Truth Table:
A B X
0 0 0
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 1
➕ 3. OR Gate
Description:
• Output is 1 if either input is 1 .
2
• If both inputs are 0 , output is 0 .
Truth Table:
A B X
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 1
🚫 4. NAND Gate (NOT AND)
Description:
• The opposite of AND.
• Output is 1 for all input combinations except when both inputs are 1 .
Truth Table:
A B X
0 0 1
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0
🚫➕ 5. NOR Gate (NOT OR)
Description:
• The opposite of OR.
• Output is 1 only when both inputs are 0 .
Truth Table:
A B X
0 0 1
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 0
3
🔀 6. XOR Gate (Exclusive OR)
Description:
• Output is 1 only when inputs are different.
• If both inputs are the same, output is 0 .
Truth Table:
A B X
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0
