Logic Gates and Logic Circuits – Notes
Intro
In digital electronics, logic gates are the building blocks of all digital systems.
• A logic gate processes binary inputs (0 or 1) and produces a binary output.
• The output of logic gates is best understood using a truth table.
• A truth table shows all possible input combinations and their resulting outputs.
📌 Number of Input Combinations
Number of Inputs Total Combinations Formula Used
1 2 2¹
2 4 2²
3 8 2³
4 16 2⁴
🧠 Overview of the 6 Basic Logic Gates
Logic Gate
NOT
AND
OR
NAND
NOR
XOR
Logic Gates
1
1. NOT Gate (Inverter)
Description:
• A NOT gate has 1 input and 1 output.
• It inverts the input:
• If input is 0 , output is 1
• If input is 1 , output is 0
Truth Table:
A (Input) X (Output)
0 1
1 0
2. AND Gate
Description:
• Output is 1 only if both inputs are 1 .
• Otherwise, output is 0 .
Truth Table:
A B X
0 0 0
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 1
3. OR Gate
Description:
• Output is 1 if either input is 1 .
• If both inputs are 0 , output is 0 .
Truth Table:
A B X
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
2
A B X
1 1 1
4. NAND Gate (NOT AND)
Description:
• The opposite of AND.
• Output is 1 for all input combinations except when both inputs are 1 .
Truth Table:
A B X
0 0 1
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0
5. NOR Gate (NOT OR)
Description:
• The opposite of OR.
• Output is 1 only when both inputs are 0 .
Truth Table:
A B X
0 0 1
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 0
6. XOR Gate (Exclusive OR)
Description:
• Output is 1 only when inputs are different.
• If both inputs are the same, output is 0 .
Truth Table:
A B X
0 0 0
3
A B X
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0
