All Basic Math Formulas (0 to 3rd Grade)
Numbers & Arithmetic
1 Addition: a + b = b + a
2 Subtraction: a - b = a + (-b)
3 Multiplication: a × b = b × a
4 Division: a ÷ b = a × (1/b)
5 Commutative Law: a + b = b + a, a × b = b × a
6 Associative Law: (a + b) + c = a + (b + c), (a × b) × c = a × (b × c)
7 Distributive Law: a × (b + c) = a × b + a × c
Fractions
1 Addition (same denominator): a/n + b/n = (a+b)/n
2 Subtraction (same denominator): a/n - b/n = (a-b)/n
3 Multiplication: (a/b) × (c/d) = (a×c)/(b×d)
4 Division: (a/b) ÷ (c/d) = (a/b) × (d/c)
5 Simplifying fractions: a/b = (a÷gcd(a,b)) / (b÷gcd(a,b))
Decimals
1 Addition: Align decimal points and add
2 Subtraction: Align decimal points and subtract
3 Multiplication: Multiply normally, then place decimal = sum of decimal places
4 Division: Move decimal to make divisor whole, then divide
Percentages
1 Percentage of a number: P% of N = (P/100) × N
2 Finding percentage: (Part / Whole) × 100%
3 Percentage increase: ((New - Old)/Old) × 100%
4 Percentage decrease: ((Old - New)/Old) × 100%
Geometry
1 Perimeter of rectangle: P = 2(l + w)
2 Perimeter of square: P = 4 × s
3 Area of rectangle: A = l × w
4 Area of square: A = s²
5 Area of triangle: A = (b × h)/2
6 Area of circle: A = π × r²
7 Circumference of circle: C = 2 × π × r
8 Volume of cube: V = s³
9 Volume of rectangular prism: V = l × w × h
10 Volume of cylinder: V = π × r² × h
Measurements
1 Time: 1 hr = 60 min, 1 min = 60 sec
2 Length: 1 m = 100 cm, 1 cm = 10 mm
3 Weight: 1 kg = 1000 g
4 Temperature conversion: °C = (°F - 32) × 5/9, °F = °C × 9/5 + 32
Algebra basics
1 a + b = c (unknown c)
2 a - b = c (unknown c)
3 ax = b → x = b/a
4 Simple equations: solve for unknown using inverse operations
Simple statistics
1 Mean: (sum of all numbers) / (number of numbers)
2 Median: Middle value when data arranged in order
3 Mode: Most frequently occurring value
4 Range: Largest value - Smallest value
Exponents & Squares
1 a² = a × a
2 a³ = a × a × a
3 a^m × a^n = a^(m+n)
4 (a^m) / (a^n) = a^(m-n)
5 (a × b)^n = a^n × b^n
