Experiment 05 Date: 03rd March’25
Title: To verify Ohm’s Law
Objective:
To verify Ohm’s Law, which states that the voltage (V) across a conductor is directly proportional to the
current (I) flowing through it, provided the temperature remains constant.
V=IR
where R is the resistance of the conductor.
Real-World Applications of Ohm’s Law:
1. Household Wiring: Ensures safe electrical wiring by determining the right wire thickness for
carrying specific currents.
2. Electronic Devices: Used in designing circuits for phones, computers, and appliances.
3. Electric Vehicle (EV) Charging: Helps in calculating the right voltage and current to charge
batteries efficiently.
4. Electric Heaters & Bulbs: Determines power consumption and efficiency.
Materials Required:
Resistor (fixed or nichrome wire)
DC Power Supply (0–12V)
Ammeter (0–3 A)
Voltmeter (0–12V)
Rheostat (variable resistor)
Connecting Wires
Switch
Breadboard (optional)
Circuit Diagram:
Procedure:
1. Set up the circuit as per the diagram, ensuring all connections are secure.
2. Adjust the rheostat to its highest resistance to limit initial current flow.
3. Turn on the power supply and set it to a low voltage (e.g., 2V).
4. Measure and record the current (I) using the ammeter and the voltage (V) using the voltmeter.
5. Gradually increase the voltage (e.g., 2V, 4V, 6V, etc.) while recording the corresponding current
values.
6. Repeat for at least five voltage values.
7. Turn off the power supply once the readings are complete.
Observations Table:
Graph Interpretation (V vs. I Plot)
Voltage (V) vs. Current (I) Graph
• The graph should be a straight line passing through the origin.
• The slope of the graph represents the resistance (R) of the conductor.
Conclusion:
The straight-line graph confirms Ohm’s Law:
V∝I
The resistance remains constant, proving that voltage and current are directly proportional.
Safety Precautions:
Check wire connections before switching on the power supply.
Start with the lowest voltage and gradually increase it to prevent damage.
Use a low-power resistor to avoid overheating.
Turn off the circuit after taking readings to conserve energy.
Do not exceed the ammeter’s or voltmeter’s range.
Title: Current, voltage, and resistance in series and parallel resistor networks. Date: 5th March’25
Aim/Objective:
To measure current, voltage, and resistance in series and parallel resistor networks and analyse differences.
Materials:
• Power supply (5V or 9V battery)
• Resistors (100Ω, 220Ω, 470Ω)
• Breadboard & wires
• Ammeter (for current)
• Voltmeter (for voltage)
Procedure:
1. Series Circuit:
1. Connect two resistors (e.g., 100Ω and 220Ω) in series with the power source.
2. Measure and record:
o Total voltage across both resistors.
o Voltage across each resistor.
o Total current in the circuit.
3. Calculate theoretical resistance and compare with measured values.
2. Parallel Circuit:
1. Connect the same resistors in parallel across the power source.
2. Measure and record:
o Total voltage (should be the same across all resistors).
o Current through each resistor.
o Total current in the circuit.
3. Compare measured and calculated values using Ohm’s Law.
Circuit Diagram:
Observation Table:
Configuration Resistor Resistor Total Current Current Total Total
1 (Ω) 2 (Ω) Voltage through through Current (A) Resistance
(V) R1 (A) R2 (A) (Ω))
Series 100Ω 220Ω 5V 0.015A 0.015A 0.015A 320Ω
Parallel 100Ω 220Ω 5V 0.050A 0.023A 0.073A 68Ω
Inference (Key Findings):
1. Voltage Splitting in Series
o In a series circuit, the total voltage is divided among resistors.
o In a parallel circuit, all resistors get the same voltage.
2. Current Splitting in Parallel
o In a series circuit, the same current flows through all resistors.
o In a parallel circuit, the total current is split among different branches.
3. Resistance Behaviour
• Adding resistors in series increases total resistance, reducing current.
• Adding resistors in parallel decreases total resistance, increasing current.
Experimental Differences Between Series and Parallel Circuits
