IMMUNOHEMATOLOGY LABORATORY

post
cormbs
 RCS
Du
2290/BSA

M MA
, ,
N , NA

3 , 100 ROM -

>
&

&

&

pu
ap
T

M MA N NA
2 drop
parents som
I drop
5 % %2)
 TYPES OF RH TYPING REAGENTS
SALINE ANTI-D
HIGH PROTEIN ANTI-D
MODIFIED IgG
MORE COMPLEX THAN ABO MONOCLONAL ANTI-D

CONSISTS OF 6 RELATED RBC ANTIGENS — C, D, E, c, d, e

TUBE TECHNIQUE WITH SALINE ACTIVE ANTISERA

ISBT 004 1939 — RH/HR BLOOD GROUP SYSTEM

2nd MOST IMPORTANT BLOOD DISCOVERED BY LEVINE & STETSON

RHo (D) TYPING

GROUP IN TERMS OF TRANSFUSION

1940 — LANDSTEINER & WEINER INJECTED BLOOD

FROM MONKEY MACACUS RHESUS INTO RABBITS &
GUINEA PIGS
MOSTLY IgG
85% of INDIVIDUALS, RH POSITIVE — RESULTING
WORKING REAGENT ANTIBODY AGGLUTINATED BOTH THE MONKEY'S RED
0.85-0.9% NaCl SOLUTION CELLS
ANTI-D TYPING SERA
MATERIALS & EQUIPMENTS 15% REMAINING INDIVIDUALS, RH NEGATIVE
SPECIMEN
WASHED RED CELL SUSPENSION
5ml TEST TUBES
UNDILUTED BLOOD
TEST TUBE RACK
CENTRIFUGE
FORCEPS 1941 — LEVINE & COLLEAGEUS, EYTHROBLASTOSIS
5 ml EDTA TUBE FETALIS (hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN),
VENI KIT PRINCIPLE results of Rh group incompatibility between mother &
MARKERS AN INDIVIDUAL'S RED CELL SUSPENDED IN THEIR child
PLASTIC DROPPER OWN SERUM IS MIXED WITH THE REAGENT.
NESCOFILMS/PARAFILMS AGGLUTINATION OF CELLS WITHIN 2 MINUTES
SEROLOGICAL PIPETTE (1,2,5 ml) REVEALS THE PRESENCE OF RHo (D) ANTIGEN
COMPOUND MICROSCOPE
GLASS SLIDES
RED TOP TUBES FALSE NEGATIVE REACTION
Rh View Box IMMUNOGLOBULIN-COATED CELLS
SALINE-SUSPENDED CELLS
FAILURE TO ADD REAGENT
2 METHODS FALSE POSITIVE REACTION VIGOROUS SUSPENSION
SLIDE & TUBE METHOD CELL SUSPENSION TOO HEAVY TOO SHORT CENTRIFUGATION TIME
COLD AGGLUTININS RPM TOO LOW
TEST INCUBATED TOO LONG WEAK D
INTERPRETATION ROULEAUX
PRESENCE OF AGG. — RH + FIBRIN INTERFERENCE
BACTERIAL CONTAMINATION WEAK D CAUSES
ABSENCE OF AGG. — RH - a. GENETIC WEAK D
CONTROL TUBE — ALWAYS (-) PROLONG CENTRIFUGE
RPM TOO HIGH b. C-TRANS
c. PARTIAL-D
 OBJECTIVE OF CROSSMATCH

SELECT DONOR UNITS THAT CAN PROVIDE MAXIMAL

MATERIALS & EQUIPEMENT BENEFITS TO THE PATIENT

SAME WITH RH TYPING

CROSSMATCH PROCEDURE IS ONLY A PART OF
+ WATER BATH, THERMOMETER
COMPATIBILITY TETSING

PRINCIPLE OF COMPATIBILITY COMPATIBILITY TESTING

TESTING • REVIEW OF THE PATIENT'S BLOOD BANK
PERFORMED TO PREVENT COMPATIBILITY/CROSSMATCH HISTORY & RECORDS
•ABO & RH GROUPING OF THE RECIPIENT &
TRANSFUSION OF INCOMPATIBLE
DONOR RED CELLS THAT MIGHT TEST DONOR
•ANTIBODY SCREENING OF THE RECIPIENT'S
RESULT IN IMMUNE-MEDIATED AND DONOR'S SERUM
HEMOLYTIC TRANSFUSION •CROSSMATCH (most important and most
REACTION frequently perfomed procedure in routine blood
bank)

COMPATIBILITY TESTING IS
WORKING REAGENT
PERFORMED TO DETERMINE IF A
0.85-0.9 NaCl Solution
TWO KINDS OF CROSSMATCH PARTICULAR UNIT OF BLOOD CAN
LISS/ 22% BSA
BE TRANSFUSED SAFELY TO A
DONOR'S 5% RED CELL
•MAJOR — MOST IMPORTANT, CERTAIN PATIENT
SUSPENSION
DISTILLED WATER PREVENT A TRANSFUSION REACTION BY
COOMB'S CHECK CELLS DETECTING ANTIBODIES IN THE
PATIENT'S SERUM WHICH WOULD
REDUCE THE SURVIVAL OF THE DONOR'S CROSSMATCH
RED CELLS; ENSURE MAXIMUM BENEFIT MAJOR CROSSMATCH PRINCIPLE
SPECIMEN TWO MAIN FUNCTIONS
TO PATIENTS DETECTION OF ANTIBODIES IN
RECEPIENT'S SERUM & 5% RED •FINAL CHECK OF ABO
INCLUDES MIXING OF DONOR'S RBC WITH PATIENT'S SERUM
CELL SUSPENSION COMPATIBILITY BETWEEN DONOR &
DONOR'S SERUM & 5% RED CELL PATIENT'S SERUM PATIENT
SUSPENSION •MAY DETECT PRESENCE OF AN
•MINOR — DETECTS ANTIBODIES IN THE ANTOBODY IN THE PATIENT'S SERUM
DONOR THAT MAY BE CAPABLE OF MINOR CROSSMATCH PRINCIPLE
AFFECTING THE RECIPIENT'S RED CELLS DETECTION OF ANTIBODIES IN
DONOR'S SERUM
INCLUDES MIXING DONOR'S PLASMA
WITH PATIENT'S RED CELLS

THREE TECHNIQUES
•IMMEDIATE SALINE SPIN (M, MA, N, NA) INTEPRETATION OF RESULTS
•THERMO INCUBATION PHASE (37 degress PRESENCE OF HEMOLYSIS/AGG.
celcius) INCOMPATIBLE
•AHG/COOMBS PHASE ABSENCE OF HEMOLYSIS/AGG.
COMPATIBLE
 2 KINDS HEMOLYTIC DISEASE OF THE
NEWBORN (HDN)
DIRECT ANTIGLOBULIN
TEST (DAT) AUTOIMMUNE HEMOLYTIC
ANEMIA
INDIRECT ANTIGLOBULIN
TEST (IAT)
MOST IMPORTANT & MOST WIDELY
USED SEROLOGICAL PROCEDURE IN
MODERN BLOOD BANKING

MOST ESSENTIAL PART OF ANY

AG REAGENT IS A
POOL OF SERUM ANTIGLOBULIN TEST/COOMBS TEST CROSSMATCH PROCEDURE

MADE FROM TWO

DIFERENT COLONIES
OF RABBIS
1908 — DISCOVERED BY
MORESCHI

USED FOR THE DETECTION & 1945 — REDISCOVERED &

IDENTIFICATION INTRODUCED INTO CLINICAL
INVOLVES RED CELLS DETECTS RED CELLS OF UNEXPECTED ANTIBODIES MEDICINE BY COOMBS,
COATED WITH SENSITIZED IgG MOURANT, RACE
INCOMPLETE ALLOANTIBODIES, IgG FOR DETECTING RED CELL ANTIGENS NOT
ANTIBODIES AUTOANTIBODIES, DEMONSTRATED BY OTHER TECHNIQUES
COMPLEMENT COMPONENTS
USUALLY IgG AND SPECIAL STUDIES SUCH AS ANTIGLOBULIN
AGGLUTINATED BY THE CONSUMPTION TEST, MIXED
ANTI-IgG in AGGLUTINATION REACTIONS & PLATELET
ANTIGLOBULIN SERUM ANTIBODY TESTS

REAGENTS
INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS 0.85-0.9 NaCl Solution
AHG
PRESENCE OF HEMOLYSIS/AGG. LISS/BSA
— POSITIVE DONOR'S 5% RED CELL SUSPENSION
ABSENCE OF HEMOLYSIS/AGG. DISTILLED WATER
— NEGATIVE NSS

SPECIMEN
RECIPIENT'S SERUM
5% RED CELL SUSPENSION
 TYPES OF RH TYPING REAGENTS
SALINE ANTI-D
HIGH PROTEIN ANTI-D
MODIFIED IgG
MORE COMPLEX THAN ABO MONOCLONAL ANTI-D
CONSISTS OF 6 RELATED RBC ANTIGENS — C, D, E, c, d, e
TUBE TECHNIQUE WITH SALINE ACTIVE ANTISERA
ISBT 004 1939 — RH/HR BLOOD GROUP SYSTEM
2nd MOST IMPORTANT BLOOD DISCOVERED BY LEVINE & STETSON
RHo (D) TYPING
GROUP IN TERMS OF TRANSFUSION
1940 — LANDSTEINER & WEINER INJECTED BLOOD
FROM MONKEY MACACUS RHESUS INTO RABBITS &
GUINEA PIGS
MOSTLY IgG
85% of INDIVIDUALS, RH POSITIVE — RESULTING
WORKING REAGENT ANTIBODY AGGLUTINATED BOTH THE MONKEY'S RED
0.85-0.9% NaCl SOLUTION CELLS
ANTI-D TYPING SERA
MATERIALS & EQUIPMENTS 15% REMAINING INDIVIDUALS, RH NEGATIVE
SPECIMEN
WASHED RED CELL SUSPENSION
5ml TEST TUBES
UNDILUTED BLOOD
TEST TUBE RACK
CENTRIFUGE
FORCEPS 1941 — LEVINE & COLLEAGEUS, EYTHROBLASTOSIS
5 ml EDTA TUBE FETALIS (hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN),
VENI KIT PRINCIPLE results of Rh group incompatibility between mother &
MARKERS AN INDIVIDUAL'S RED CELL SUSPENDED IN THEIR child
PLASTIC DROPPER OWN SERUM IS MIXED WITH THE REAGENT.
NESCOFILMS/PARAFILMS AGGLUTINATION OF CELLS WITHIN 2 MINUTES
SEROLOGICAL PIPETTE (1,2,5 ml) REVEALS THE PRESENCE OF RHo (D) ANTIGEN
COMPOUND MICROSCOPE
GLASS SLIDES
RED TOP TUBES FALSE NEGATIVE REACTION
Rh View Box IMMUNOGLOBULIN-COATED CELLS
SALINE-SUSPENDED CELLS
FAILURE TO ADD REAGENT
2 METHODS FALSE POSITIVE REACTION VIGOROUS SUSPENSION
SLIDE & TUBE METHOD CELL SUSPENSION TOO HEAVY TOO SHORT CENTRIFUGATION TIME
COLD AGGLUTININS RPM TOO LOW
TEST INCUBATED TOO LONG WEAK D
INTERPRETATION ROULEAUX
PRESENCE OF AGG. — RH + FIBRIN INTERFERENCE
BACTERIAL CONTAMINATION WEAK D CAUSES
ABSENCE OF AGG. — RH - a. GENETIC WEAK D
CONTROL TUBE — ALWAYS (-) PROLONG CENTRIFUGE
RPM TOO HIGH b. C-TRANS
c. PARTIAL-D
 OBJECTIVE OF CROSSMATCH
SELECT DONOR UNITS THAT CAN PROVIDE MAXIMAL
MATERIALS & EQUIPEMENT BENEFITS TO THE PATIENT
SAME WITH RH TYPING
CROSSMATCH PROCEDURE IS ONLY A PART OF
+ WATER BATH, THERMOMETER
COMPATIBILITY TETSING
PRINCIPLE OF COMPATIBILITY COMPATIBILITY TESTING
TESTING • REVIEW OF THE PATIENT'S BLOOD BANK
PERFORMED TO PREVENT COMPATIBILITY/CROSSMATCH HISTORY & RECORDS
•ABO & RH GROUPING OF THE RECIPIENT &
TRANSFUSION OF INCOMPATIBLE
DONOR RED CELLS THAT MIGHT TEST DONOR
•ANTIBODY SCREENING OF THE RECIPIENT'S
RESULT IN IMMUNE-MEDIATED AND DONOR'S SERUM
HEMOLYTIC TRANSFUSION •CROSSMATCH (most important and most
REACTION frequently perfomed procedure in routine blood
bank)
COMPATIBILITY TESTING IS
WORKING REAGENT
PERFORMED TO DETERMINE IF A
0.85-0.9 NaCl Solution
TWO KINDS OF CROSSMATCH PARTICULAR UNIT OF BLOOD CAN
LISS/ 22% BSA
BE TRANSFUSED SAFELY TO A
DONOR'S 5% RED CELL
•MAJOR — MOST IMPORTANT, CERTAIN PATIENT
SUSPENSION
DISTILLED WATER PREVENT A TRANSFUSION REACTION BY
COOMB'S CHECK CELLS DETECTING ANTIBODIES IN THE
PATIENT'S SERUM WHICH WOULD
REDUCE THE SURVIVAL OF THE DONOR'S CROSSMATCH
RED CELLS; ENSURE MAXIMUM BENEFIT MAJOR CROSSMATCH PRINCIPLE
SPECIMEN TWO MAIN FUNCTIONS
TO PATIENTS DETECTION OF ANTIBODIES IN
RECEPIENT'S SERUM & 5% RED •FINAL CHECK OF ABO
INCLUDES MIXING OF DONOR'S RBC WITH PATIENT'S SERUM
CELL SUSPENSION COMPATIBILITY BETWEEN DONOR &
DONOR'S SERUM & 5% RED CELL PATIENT'S SERUM PATIENT
SUSPENSION •MAY DETECT PRESENCE OF AN
•MINOR — DETECTS ANTIBODIES IN THE ANTOBODY IN THE PATIENT'S SERUM
DONOR THAT MAY BE CAPABLE OF MINOR CROSSMATCH PRINCIPLE
AFFECTING THE RECIPIENT'S RED CELLS DETECTION OF ANTIBODIES IN
DONOR'S SERUM
INCLUDES MIXING DONOR'S PLASMA
WITH PATIENT'S RED CELLS
THREE TECHNIQUES
•IMMEDIATE SALINE SPIN (M, MA, N, NA) INTEPRETATION OF RESULTS
•THERMO INCUBATION PHASE (37 degress PRESENCE OF HEMOLYSIS/AGG.
celcius) INCOMPATIBLE
•AHG/COOMBS PHASE ABSENCE OF HEMOLYSIS/AGG.
COMPATIBLE
 2 KINDS HEMOLYTIC DISEASE OF THE
NEWBORN (HDN)
DIRECT ANTIGLOBULIN
TEST (DAT) AUTOIMMUNE HEMOLYTIC
ANEMIA
INDIRECT ANTIGLOBULIN
TEST (IAT)
MOST IMPORTANT & MOST WIDELY
USED SEROLOGICAL PROCEDURE IN
MODERN BLOOD BANKING
MOST ESSENTIAL PART OF ANY
AG REAGENT IS A
POOL OF SERUM ANTIGLOBULIN TEST/COOMBS TEST CROSSMATCH PROCEDURE
MADE FROM TWO
DIFERENT COLONIES
OF RABBIS
1908 — DISCOVERED BY
MORESCHI
USED FOR THE DETECTION & 1945 — REDISCOVERED &
IDENTIFICATION INTRODUCED INTO CLINICAL
INVOLVES RED CELLS DETECTS RED CELLS OF UNEXPECTED ANTIBODIES MEDICINE BY COOMBS,
COATED WITH SENSITIZED IgG MOURANT, RACE
INCOMPLETE ALLOANTIBODIES, IgG FOR DETECTING RED CELL ANTIGENS NOT
ANTIBODIES AUTOANTIBODIES, DEMONSTRATED BY OTHER TECHNIQUES
COMPLEMENT COMPONENTS
USUALLY IgG AND SPECIAL STUDIES SUCH AS ANTIGLOBULIN
AGGLUTINATED BY THE CONSUMPTION TEST, MIXED
ANTI-IgG in AGGLUTINATION REACTIONS & PLATELET
ANTIGLOBULIN SERUM ANTIBODY TESTS
REAGENTS
INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS 0.85-0.9 NaCl Solution
AHG
PRESENCE OF HEMOLYSIS/AGG. LISS/BSA
— POSITIVE DONOR'S 5% RED CELL SUSPENSION
ABSENCE OF HEMOLYSIS/AGG. DISTILLED WATER
— NEGATIVE NSS
SPECIMEN
RECIPIENT'S SERUM
5% RED CELL SUSPENSION