FRESHMAN ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY

2510CH1001 – ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES AND SUSTAINABILITY

QUESTION BANK FOR OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS

VT UG E R25

UNIT – I: INTRODUCTION TO ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES

1. The main scope of Environmental Studies is to study:

a) Human history
b) Relationship between humans and environment
c) Industrial growth only
d) Political systems
Answer: b
2. Which of the following is a renewable resource?
a) Coal
b) Petroleum
c) Solar energy
d) Natural gas
Answer: c
3. The major cause of deforestation is:
a) Urbanization
b) Reforestation
c) Soil conservation
d) Controlled grazing
Answer: a
4. Which is a problem associated with big dams?
a) Electricity generation
b) Flood control
c) Displacement of people
d) Irrigation facilities
Answer: c
5. Which of the following is a non-renewable energy source?
a) Wind energy
b) Solar energy
c) Coal
 d) Tidal energy
Answer: c
6. Waterlogging in agricultural fields leads to:
a) Increased fertility
b) Reduced crop yield
c) Better irrigation
d) Less soil erosion
Answer: b
7. The world food problem mainly arises due to:
a) Lack of technology
b) Unequal distribution of food
c) Abundance of food
d) Increase in crop diversity
Answer: b
8. Public awareness of environmental issues is necessary because:
a) People are naturally destructive
b) Government alone cannot protect environment
c) Nature is indestructible
d) Industry will stop polluting automatically
Answer: b
9. Overgrazing results in:
a) Soil erosion
b) Afforestation
c) Higher productivity
d) Water harvesting
Answer: a
10. The largest use of fresh water worldwide is for:
a) Industry
b) Irrigation
c) Domestic use
d) Hydropower
Answer: b

UNIT – II: ECOSYSTEMS AND BIODIVERSITY

1. The study of interaction between living organisms and environment is called:

a) Zoology
b) Ecology
c) Taxonomy
d) Geology
Answer: b
2. Flow of energy in an ecosystem is always:
a) Cyclic
b) One-way
c) Irregular
d) Random
Answer: b
3. Which pyramid is always upright?
a) Pyramid of numbers
2
 b) Pyramid of biomass
c) Pyramid of energy
d) Pyramid of population
Answer: c
4. Primary succession on rocks is called:
a) Hydrosere
b) Lithosere
c) Psammosere
d) Halosere
Answer: b
5. India is considered a mega-diversity nation because:
a) It has deserts only
b) It has many endangered species
c) It has high species diversity and varied ecosystems
d) It has high industrial growth
Answer: c
6. Which of the following is a biodiversity hotspot in India?
a) Western Ghats
b) Deccan Plateau
c) Thar Desert
d) Indo-Gangetic Plain
Answer: a
7. An organism found only in a particular region is called:
a) Endangered
b) Exotic
c) Endemic
d) Rare
Answer: c
8. The total value of biodiversity can be categorized as:
a) Only economic value
b) Only cultural value
c) Economic, ecological, and aesthetic value
d) No measurable value
Answer: c
9. Which of the following is an example of aquatic ecosystem?
a) Desert
b) Lake
c) Grassland
d) Forest
Answer: b
10. The major threat to biodiversity is:
a) Afforestation
b) Habitat destruction
c) Organic farming
d) Ecotourism
Answer: b

3
UNIT – III: ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION

1. The major pollutant causing acid rain is:

a) Carbon monoxide
b) Sulphur dioxide
c) Methane
d) Ozone
Answer: b
2. The Bhopal gas tragedy was due to leakage of:
a) Chlorine
b) Methyl isocyanate
c) Carbon monoxide
d) Ammonia
Answer: b
3. Eutrophication in water bodies is caused by:
a) Excess nutrients
b) Less oxygen
c) Lack of sunlight
d) Sediment deposition
Answer: a
4. The process of reducing, reusing, and recycling waste is known as:
a) 3A system
b) 3B system
c) 3R system
d) 4R system
Answer: c
5. Thermal pollution mainly affects:
a) Soil fertility
b) Air quality
c) Aquatic life
d) Forest ecosystem
Answer: c
6. The most dangerous effect of nuclear hazards is:
a) Radioactive pollution
b) Deforestation
c) Noise
d) Greenhouse effect
Answer: a
7. Which of the following is a biodegradable pollutant?
a) DDT
b) Plastic
c) Sewage
d) Mercury
Answer: c
8. Which disaster is caused by tectonic plate movements?
a) Cyclone
b) Flood
c) Earthquake

4
 d) Tsunami only
Answer: c
9. Marine pollution is mainly due to:
a) Oil spills
b) Soil erosion
c) Noise
d) Mining
Answer: a
10. Solid waste management excludes:
a) Recycling
b) Composting
c) Dumping in open areas
d) Waste minimization
Answer: c

UNIT – IV: SOCIAL ISSUES AND THE ENVIRONMENT

1. The concept of sustainable development was popularized by:

a) Brundtland Report
b) Kyoto Protocol
c) Rio Summit
d) Montreal Protocol
Answer: a
2. Which Act deals with forest conservation in India?
a) Forest Conservation Act, 1980
b) Air Act, 1981
c) Water Act, 1974
d) Wildlife Act, 1972
Answer: a
3. National Environmental Policy was announced in:
a) 2002
b) 2004
c) 2006
d) 2010
Answer: c
4. Resettlement and rehabilitation mainly refers to:
a) Urban development
b) Displacement of people due to projects
c) Forest management
d) Energy conservation
Answer: b
5. Which is a renewable source of energy?
a) Coal
b) Petroleum
c) Wind
d) Natural gas
Answer: c
6. The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act was enacted in:
a) 1981
5
 b) 1986
c) 1991
d) 1996
Answer: a
7. Which of the following is a concern of urban areas?
a) Soil fertility
b) Energy shortage
c) Desertification
d) Afforestation
Answer: b
8. The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act was passed in:
a) 1970
b) 1974
c) 1980
d) 1985
Answer: b
9. Which summit first discussed “Agenda 21”?
a) Rio Earth Summit, 1992
b) Kyoto Summit, 1997
c) Johannesburg Summit, 2002
d) Montreal Protocol, 1987
Answer: a
10. Watershed management primarily deals with:
a) Forest development
b) River linking
c) Efficient use of water resources
d) Population control
Answer: c

UNIT – V: HUMAN POPULATION AND THE ENVIRONMENT

1. The present world population growth is best described as:

a) Linear
b) Exponential
c) Declining
d) Stable
Answer: b
2. Population explosion refers to:
a) Balanced growth
b) Decline in population
c) Sudden increase in population
d) Stable birth rate
Answer: c
3. Family welfare programme in India mainly focuses on:
a) Literacy
b) Population control
c) Industrial growth
d) Agricultural reforms
Answer: b
6
4. Which disease is a global pandemic declared in 2020?
a) HIV/AIDS
b) Ebola
c) COVID-19
d) SARS
Answer: c
5. Human rights include:
a) Right to vote only
b) Right to freedom and equality
c) Right to employment only
d) Right to property only
Answer: b
6. Which IT application helps in disease control?
a) GIS mapping of epidemics
b) Entertainment apps
c) Online shopping
d) Social networking only
Answer: a
7. Women and child welfare programmes focus on:
a) Nutrition and health
b) Only industrial jobs
c) Urban migration
d) Forest management
Answer: a
8. Which factor influences population variation among nations?
a) Climate only
b) Birth and death rates
c) Forest density
d) Industrialization alone
Answer: b
9. The rapid increase of aged population is called:
a) Demographic dividend
b) Population ageing
c) Population pyramid
d) Overpopulation
Answer: b
10. Value education mainly promotes:
a) Economic growth
b) Industrial development
c) Moral and ethical living
d) Political systems
Answer: c