SEPTEMBER 13, 2025
Digital logic design
Journal-2
BS CS 2 A
Group Members Name:
1. Iqra Agha (01-134251-026)
2. Meerab Hanif (01-134251-041)
3. Shah Jalal (01-134251-081)
4. Neesa Sarvar (01-134251-110)
5. Tehreem Fatima (01-134251-091)
Contents
Objectives:.....................................................................................................................................................2
Task 1.............................................................................................................................................................3
Equipment:................................................................................................................................................3
Procedure:..................................................................................................................................................3
Observation Tables:.....................................................................................................................................3
1. NOT..................................................................................................................................................4
Figures........................................................................................................................................................4
2. AND..................................................................................................................................................4
Figures........................................................................................................................................................4
3. OR.....................................................................................................................................................6
Figures........................................................................................................................................................7
4. NAND...............................................................................................................................................8
Figures........................................................................................................................................................9
5. NOR................................................................................................................................................10
Figures......................................................................................................................................................11
6. XOR................................................................................................................................................12
Figures......................................................................................................................................................13
Results and Analysis:...............................................................................................................................14
Conclusion;..................................................................................................................................................15
Task-2...........................................................................................................................................................15
Truth Table...............................................................................................................................................15
Figures......................................................................................................................................................15
Introduction to Digital Circuits and Implementation
of Gates
Objectives:
To study and understand the working of basic digital logic gates (NOT, AND, OR, NAND, NOR,
XOR) using their ICs
To verify experimentally the truth tables of these logic gates by applying all possible input
combinations and observing the outputs.
To learn the correct method of wiring ICs on a breadboard
To observe the behavior of LEDs as indicators of logic “1” (ON) and logic “0” (OFF).
Task 1
1. Verify the truth tables of all the ICs specified and record the observations
in the table given below.
Equipment:
TTL IC-7408
TTL IC-7432
TTL IC-7404
TTL IC-7400
TTL IC-7402
TTL IC-7486
Procedure:
1 Collect the components necessary to accomplish this experiment.
2 Plug the IC chip into the breadboard.
3 Connect the supply voltage and ground lines to the chips. PIN7 = Ground and
4 PI N14 = +5V.
5 According to the pin diagram of each IC mentioned above, wire only one gate to
verify its truth table.
6 Connect the inputs of the gate to the input switches of the LED.
7 Connect the output of the gate to the output LEDs.
8 Once all connections have been done, turn on the power switch of the bread-
board
9 Operate the switches and fill in the truth table ( Write "1" if LED is ON and "0" if
LED is OFF Apply the various combination of inputs according to the truth table
and observe the condition of Output LEDs.
10 Repeat the above steps 1 to 5 for all the ICs.
Observation Tables:
Input variables: A and B Output variable: Y
LED ON: Logic 1 LED OFF: Logic 0
1. NOT
IC Used: ___ IC-7404 __
Input A Output Y
0 1
1 0
Figures
2. AND
IC Used: _____ SNx4HC08______________
Input A Input B Output C
0 0 0
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 1
Figures
For Input (A=0, B=0) LED is OFF
For Input (A=1, B=0) LED is OFF
For Input (A=0, B=1) LED is OFF
For Input (A=1, B=1) LED is ON
3. OR
IC Used: ____ IC-7432_______________
Input A Input B Output C
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 1
Figures
For Input (A=0, B=0) LED is OFF
For Input (A=1, B=0) LED is ON
For Input (A=0, B=1) LED is ON
For Input (A=1, B=1) LED is ON
4. NAND
IC Used: _______ IC-7400______________
Input A Input B Output C
0 0 1
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0
Figures
For Input (A=0, B=0) LED is ON
For Input (A=0, B=1) LED is ON
For Input (A=1, B=0) LED is ON
For Input (A=1, B=1) LED is OFF
5. NOR
IC Used: ____IC-7402 _________
Input A Input B Output C
0 0 1
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 0
Figures
For Input (A=0, B=0) LED is ON
For Input (A=0, B=1) LED is OFF
For Input (A=1, B=0) LED is OFF
For Input (A=1, B=1) LED is OFF
6. XOR
IC Used: ______ IC-7486______________
Input A Input B Output C
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0
Figures
For Input (A=0, B=0) LED is OFF
For Input (A=0, B=1) LED is ON
For Input (A=1, B=0) LED is ON
For Input (A=1, B=1) LED is OFF
Results and Analysis:
a. The measured output for each IC matched the expected truth table for the
corresponding logic:
7404 (NOT) inverted the input from 0 to 1 and 1 to 0 respectively.
7408 (AND) produced 1 only when both A and B were 1.
7432 (OR) produced 1 when either input was 1.
7400 (NAND) produced the complement of the AND outputs.
7402 (NOR) produced the complement of the OR outputs.
7486 (XOR) produced 1 only when inputs were different.
b. The LED states indicated each output. When the LED is ON it corresponds to logic
1 while when OFF it corresponds to logic 0. The LED state for each input matched
the truth tables.
Conclusion;
This experiment successfully verified the truth tables for each IC. The outputs obtained on the
breadboard successfully matched the truth tables. The activity also reinforced correct lab
practices such as supplying proper +5 V and ground to all ICs.
Task-2
11 Implement the following circuit on bread board. Construct the truth
table. Take image of your circuit and paste below.
Truth Table
A B C D E F
0 0 1 1 0 1
0 1 1 0 0 1
1 0 0 1 0 1
1 1 0 0 1 0
Figures
For Input (A=0, B=0) LED is ON
For Input (A=0, B=1) LED is ON
For Input (A=1, B=0) LED is ON
For Input (A=1, B=1) LED is OFF
