7E Lesson Plan in General Biology 2 (Grade 12)
Lesson: Photosynthesis (Light and Dark Reactions)
Lesson Teacher: Raymond F. Escuzar
Content Standard: Photosynthesis
Performance Standard: prepare simple fermentation setup using common fruits to
produce wine or vinegar via microorganisms
Learning Competency and Code:
1. Describe the major features and chemical events in photosynthesis.
(STEM_BIO11/12-IIa-j-2)
Quarter: 2 Week: 3 Day: 4
I. Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, the learners will be able to:
A. Differentiate between the light-dependent and light-independent reactions based on
their location, inputs, and outputs.
B. Value the interconnectedness of the two stages of photosynthesis.
C. Construct a simple diagram or model to illustrate the flow of energy and molecules
between the two reactions.
II. Content:
Subject Matter: General Biology 2
Strategies: Experiential Learning, Collaborative Learning, and Inquiry-Based Learning
Materials:
• TV
• IM’s for the topics
• chalk and eraser
Reference:
A. Department of Education (DepEd), Republic of the Philippines. (2016). K to 12
Senior High School STEM Strand Curriculum Guide (General Biology 1). Pasig City,
Philippines.
B. Bybee, R.W. (2014). The BSCS 5E Instructional Model: Creating Teachable
Moments. Arlington, VA: NSTA Press.
III. Learning Tasks:
Preliminaries Materials
Opening Prayer
Greetings Attendance Sheet
Attendance
ELICIT (Access prior knowledge) 5 Minutes Materials
Teacher's Activity: Review the overall concept of
photosynthesis. Ask students to answer the given questions
below through a game based activity.
Student's Activity: Students will answer the given questions
Flashed in the power point presentation.
The following questions are ask to the learners.
1. Which of the following is an input for the light-dependent
reactions?
A. CO2
B. H2O
C. O2
D. Glucose (C6H12O6)
2. Where do the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis
take place?
A. Thylakoid
B. Mitochondria
C. Cytoplasm
D. Stroma
3. The primary purpose of the light-dependent reactions is to
produce:
A. ATP and NADPH
B. Glucose and O2
C. CO2 and H2O
D. Starch and Cellulose
4. What is the key output of the light-independent reactions
(Calvin Cycle)?
A. O2
B. Water
C. Glucose
D. CO2
5. Why are the light-independent (dark reactions) called
'light-independent'?
A. They happen outside of the chloroplast.
B. They require a different kind of light than the light
reactions.
C. They can only occur in the dark.
D. They do not require light directly.
ENGAGE (Get the students’ minds focused on the topic)
5 Minutes
Activity: "Energy Chain"
PPT
Show to the students a picture of a woman preparing food for
her family.
Questions:
1. What can you see
from the picture?
2. If mother prepares
food for us, who
prepares food for the
plants?
Display a picture of a plant absorbing sunlight. Ask students,
Dreamstime.com | License details.Copyright: rifaldi Ifkaraffani
1. How does the energy from sunlight get turned into the food
(glucose) that the plant uses?"
Explain that this isn't a single step; it's a two-part process, like
a factory with two assembly lines. Introduce the two stages:
the light-dependent reactions and the light-independent
reactions (Calvin Cycle).
Student's Activity: Students will think and share their initial
ideas, getting them to wonder about the internal mechanisms
of photosynthesis.
EXPLORE (Provide students with a common experience)
15 Minutes
Activity: "The Chloroplast Factory" PPT/Illustration
Board/chalk and eraser
Show a diagram of a chloroplast with its key parts: the
thylakoids and the stroma.
Place the two large posters ("Light Reaction" and
"Dark Reaction") on opposite sides of the room,
representing the thylakoid and stroma.
Give each group a set of cutouts: a sun, water
molecules, carbon dioxide molecules, and empty
"energy carrier" cards labeled ADP, P, and NADP+.
Challenge them to think about where each cutout
would "go" in the factory to start the process.
Student's Activity: Students will work in groups,
physically placing the starting materials in the correct
"factory" locations (e.g., placing the sun and water
near the "Light Reaction" poster). This active learning
helps them visualize the process.
EXPLAIN (Teach the concept. Should include interaction
between teacher and students). 3 Minutes
Student's Activity: Formalize the concepts based on the PPT
students' exploration. Students will discuss the following
information on light dependent and Independent reactions.
Light-Dependent Reactions: Explain that this stage
occurs in the thylakoids. Use the placed cutouts to
illustrate the process: Sunlight and water are used to
produce ATP and NADPH (the "energy carriers"). A
key byproduct, oxygen, is also released. Update the
posters with the correct inputs and outputs.
Light-Independent Reactions (Calvin Cycle):
Explain that this stage happens in the stroma. The
ATP and NADPH from the first stage are used to
convert carbon dioxide into glucose. Show how the
"used" energy carriers (ADP and NADP+) are
recycled back to the thylakoids.
Write a simple summary on the board:
Light Reaction:
o Input: Sunlight, H2O
o Output: ATP, NADPH, O2
Dark Reaction:
o Input: CO2, ATP, NADPH
o Output: Glucose (C6H12O6)
ELABORATE (Students apply the information learned from
the previous activities. The teacher will give inputs to deepen
the understanding of the students).2 minutes
Teacher's Activity: Ask a thought-provoking question: PPT
1. "Why do we call the second stage 'light-independent'
and not 'dark'? Can the dark reaction happen at night?"
(This encourages higher-order thinking about the
dependency of the two stages, emphasizing that the
second reaction relies on the products of the first, not
on the absence of light itself.)
Student's Activity: Students will discuss the dependency of
the reactions, understanding that the light-independent
reactions stop when the stored energy from the light reactions
(ATP and NADPH) runs out.
EVALUATE (How will you know the students have learned
the concept?) 5 minutes
1. Which of the following is an input for the light-dependent PPT
reactions?
A. CO2
B. H2O
C. O2
D. Glucose (C6H12O6)
2. Where do the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis
take place?
A. Thylakoid
B. Mitochondria
C. Cytoplasm
D. Stroma
3. The primary purpose of the light-dependent reactions is to
produce:
A. ATP and NADPH
B. Glucose and O2
C. CO2 and H2O
D. Starch and Cellulose
4. What is the key output of the light-independent reactions
(Calvin Cycle)?
A. O2
B. Water
C. Glucose
D. CO2
5. Why are the light-independent (dark reactions) called
'light-independent'?
A. They happen outside of the chloroplast.
B. They require a different kind of light than the light
reactions.
C. They can only occur in the dark.
D. They do not require light directly.
EXTEND (Deepen conceptual understanding through use in
new context). 3 minutes
The learners must scan the QR code given below to access the Smart phones
extended learning material of the lesson.
Below is the content of the QR code given above.
NOTE: For learners with disabilities/ giftedness and talents a different activity
sheets/worksheets will be given to them. also intended for learners with geographic isolation/
chronic illness; urban disasters, child abuse and child labor.
Scan the QR code to access the activity. Scan the QR code to access the video lesson.
IV. Reflection:
A. No. of learners who achieve 75%: __________.
B. Which of my teaching strategies worked well? Why did this work?
Teaching strategy that works well are as follows: Gamification, Inquiry based
learning, Group Collaboration and the technology integration.
C. What difficulties did I encounter which my principal or supervisor help me solve?
The lesson plan was well crafted, planed and timed good for 45 minutes and it went
well.
D. What innovation or localized materials did I use/discover which I wish to share
with another teacher?
The innovation that I discover that I wish to share with my co teacher might be the use
of QR code because it is timely where learners have just to use their smart phones to
scan the QR code to directly download the learning material of the lesson.
Prepared by:
RAYMOND F. ESCUZAR
SHS Teacher
