MID217

MCQ’s
1- Which of the following is not a characteristic or requirement for the research process?
- Critical
- Controlled
- Radical
- Empirical
2- Which in is not a type of research approach in the social sciences?
- Quarantine
- Quantitative
- Qualitative
- Mixed Methods
3- A qualitative approach
- Explores diversity
- Follows a rigid, structured and predetermined set of procedures
- Involves numerical data
- Is rooted in the philosophy of rationalism
4- Deductive Reasoning is applied in:
- Quantitative research
- Qualitative research
- Experimental research
- Applied research
5- The Most Disadvantage of the Experimental Design is:
- Can assess effectiveness of a treatment only in the controlled settings
- Can assess effectiveness of a treatment only in the Uncontrolled settings
- Provides stronger evidence for the disease factors
- Applicable for both animal studies and human subjects
6- To read the literature critically means:
- To suggest the previous research was always poorly conducted.
- Skimming through the material because most of it is just padding.
- Evaluating what you read in terms of your own research questions.
- Being negative about something before you read it
7- Used to give credit to a source of information within the text in your research paper is:
- References
- Citation
- Bibliography
- Literature Review
8- Which of the following is not part of the four Ps that revolve around research?
- Process
- Programme
- Phenomenon
- Problem ,
9- Research objectives
- Transform research questions into behavioural aims using action -orientated words such 'to find out',
'to determine' and 'to ascertain'
- Are considerations which have been discussed in different disciplines
- Are goals to set out how you present your results
- Will help you find out an interesting topic and one which may be of use to you in the future
10- outcome or change brought by the independent variable is
- Extraneous variable
- Intervening variable
- Independent variable
 - Dependent variable
11- In a study of the effects of vitamins on health, researchers could vary (manipulate) the amount an kind
of vitamins subjects received this variable is called:
- Attribute variables
- Active variables
- Extraneous variable
- Intervening variable
12- Which of the following is an example of a variable?
- Impact
- Yearly income in $
- Self-esteem
- Satisfaction
13- Suppose you want to study the relationship between smoking and cancer. You assume that smokin is a
cause of cancer. Studies have shown that there are many factors affecting this relationship, such as the
number of cigarettes or the amount of tobacco smoked every day; the duration of smoking; the age of
the smoker; dietary habits; and the amount of exercise undertaken by the individual. All of these factors
may affect the extent to which smoking might cause cancer. These variables may either increase or
decrease the magnitude of the relationship. Which statement is false?
- In the above example cancer is the independent variable.
- In the above example the extent of smoking is the independent variable.
- In the above example cancer is the dependent variable.
- In the above example all the variables that might affect the relationship between smoking and
cancer, either positively or negatively, are extraneous variables.
14- Based on the Research philosophy in the 'research onion' what are the main three research philosophy
- Induction, abduction, deduction.
- Positivism, pragmatism, interpretivism.
- Qualitative, quantitative, mixed methods.
- Positivism, paradigm, interpretivism.
15- The branch of Philosophy dealing with the nature of being.
- Axiology
- Ontology
- Epistemology
- Methodology

SAQ’s
A. From the following research scenario identify the suitable Research design:
1. Our objective is to assess the survival in HIV-infected individuals and the factors associated with
survival. We have clinical data from about 430 HIV-infected individuals in the center. The
follow-up period ranges from 3 months to 4 years, and we know that 33 individuals have died in
this group. We decide to perform the survy analysis in this group of individuals. We prepare a
clinical record form and abstract data from these clinical forms.
Which type of study they conduct? (1.5 Mark)
Quantitative analytical observational retrospective cohort study

2. Tobacco burdens in Saudi Arabia require continued efforts to quantify tobacco use and its
impacts. We examined the prevalence and sociodemographic and health-related correlates of
tobacco use in Saudi Arabia. They conduct a survey of 11,260 participants (selected through
multistage cluster random sampling; stratified by gender and age) in 2011 measured socio-
demographics, tobacco use history, comorbid health conditions, ^ and salivary cotinine. The
result show 40 % were females, and 60 % were below the age of 45 years.
Which type of study they conduct? (1.5 Mark)
Quantitative descriptive cross sectional study
 3. A group of 100 (X city) with lung cancer were identified based on a screening questionnaire at
local hospital. These patients were compared to another group that reported no lung cancer. Both
groups were questioned about smoking within the past 10 years. The prevalence of smoking was
25% among lung cancer patients and 5% among non-lung cancer patients.
Which type of study they conduct? (1.5 Mark)
Quantitative analytical observational retrospective case control

4. A group of 100 New Yorkers who smoke were identified based on a screening questionnaire at
local hospital. These patients were compared to another group that reported no smoking. Both
groups were received follow up surveys asking about development of lung cancer annually for
the next 3 years.
Which type of study they conduct? (1.5 Mark)
Quantitative analytical observational prospective cohort study

B. What are the common four problems in observational studies? (2 Mark)

- Information bias
- Selection bias
- Confounding
- Chance
C. List the main two Mixed methods strategy, and state the main differences between them? (2 Mark)

MID219
MCQ’s
1- Epistemology viewpoint pragmatism as?
- Quarantine
- Quantitative
- Qualitative
- Mixed Methods
2- A qualitative approach
- Few cases
- Follows a rigid, structured and predetermined set of procedures
- Involves numerical data
- Is rooted in the philosophy of rationalism
3- To read the literature critically means:
- To suggest the previous research was always poorly conducted.
- Skimming through the material because most of it is just padding.
- Evaluating what you read in terms of your own research questions.
- Being negative about something before you read it
4- Author quoted another research paper is define
- References
- Citation
- Bibliography
- Literature Review
5- Which of the following is not part of the four Ps that revolve around research?
- Process
- Programme
- Phenomenon
- Problem ,
6- Research objectives
 - Transform research questions into behavioural aims using action -orientated words such 'to find out',
'to determine' and 'to ascertain'
- Are considerations which have been discussed in different disciplines
- Are goals to set out how you present your results
- Will help you find out an interesting topic and one which may be of use to you in the future
7- outcome or change brought by the independent variable is
- Extraneous variable
- Intervening variable
- Independent variable
- Dependent variable
8- Which of the following is an example of a variable?
- Impact
- Yearly income in $
- Self-esteem
- Satisfaction
9- Based on the Research philosophy in the 'research onion' what are the main three research philosophy
- Induction, abduction, deduction.
- Positivism, pragmatism, interpretivism.
- Qualitative, quantitative, mixed methods.
- Positivism, paradigm, interpretivism.
10- The branch of Philosophy dealing with the nature and scope of knowledge
- Axiology
- Ontology
- Epistemology
- Methodology
11- What is Separate qualitative from quantitative?
- Philosophy
- Formulating a research problem
- Writing a research objectives
- Writing a research proposal
12- Differences between concepts and variables in
- Measurability
13- ………is what you want to find out about during your research
- Research question
14- Researcher wants to identify the effect of smoking quite session on smokers, what is the dependent
variable?
- Quite smoking number
15- You want to study relationship between Physical Activity and Health. Age is variable effect physical
activity and health, what type of variable is Age?

SAQ’s
A- From the following research scenario identify the suitable Research design:
1- Tobacco burdens in Saudi Arabia require continued efforts to quantify tobacco use and its impacts.
We examined the prevalence and sociodemographic and health-related correlates of tobacco use in
Saudi Arabia. They conduct a survey of 11,260 participants (selected through multistage cluster
random sampling; stratified by gender and age) in 2011 measured socio-demographics, tobacco use
history, comorbid health conditions, ^ and salivary cotinine. The result show 40 % were females, and
60 % were below the age of 45 years.
Study design? (1 Mark)
Quantitative descriptive cross sectional study
 2- A group of 100 New Yorkers who smoke were identified based on a screening questionnaire at local
hospital. These patients were compared to another group that reported no smoking. Both groups
were received follow up surveys asking about development of lung cancer annually for the next 3
years.
Study design? (1 Mark)
Quantitative analytical observational prospective cohort study
Exposure (0.5) Outcome (0.5)

B- What are the common four problems in observational studies? (1 Mark)

- Information bias
- Selection bias
- Confounding
- Chance

C- Differentiate between qualitative and quantitative in the next table? (2 Marks)

Qualitative Quantitative
Paradigm Interpretivism Positivism
Type of data collected Words, images, or objects. Numbers and statistics.
Group Smaller & not randomly selected. Larger & randomly selected.
Scientific Method Exploratory or bottom–up: the Confirmatory or top-down: the
researcher generates a new researcher tests the hypothesis and
hypothesis and theory from the theory with the data.
data collected.

FINAL219
MCQ’s (18 Marks)
1- Used to give credit to a source of information within the text in your research paper is:
- References
- Citation
- Bibliography
- Literature Review
2- What is committee of ethical?
- A group of experience people for proposal and ethical issues
3- QUAL+QUAN what does it consider?
- Conducted equally and concurrently
4- ………..is a list of each item/person in the study population
- Sample frame
5- Number of patients need in your study to answers research question
- Sample size
6- Which of the following is example of ordinal?
- Income: low/medium/high/high
7- Best to measure effective of a intervention
- Randomized control trials
8- “To compare between two things” is consider
- Objective
9- Hawthorn effect is
- An individuals to alter his behavior in response to be aware of being observed.
10- Become a challenge
- Research problem
 11- Data are used in new study but it was conducted by another researcher in different research problem
- Secondary data
12- Survey most generates
- Primary data
13- Data are repeatedly and accurately define
- Reliability
14- Study of group’s observable patterns of behavior, customs, and ways of life.
- Ethnography
15- A researcher secretly interred a group and observe
- A convert participant observation
16- What is the most accurate
- A large sample using simple random sampling
17- How to conduct a casual relationship between child infection and rash
- Survey
- Experimental
- Observation
18- What is cross-sectional

SAQ’s (12 Marks)

1- What are the types of the interview? (1 mark)
Case Type
A large sample of participants asked a predetermined questions Structured interview
A small sample of participants asked to gather about their opinion
Unstructured interview (focus group)
and experience

2- What are the methods of data collection? (2 marks)

Case Method
Distribute fold Questionnaire
Experience in Second World War Oral history interview
Using a wheelchair to notice how people communicate with wheelchairs
Observation participant
people
Notice how physician communicate with the patients, so asked the
Observation non-participant
physician to be in the same room to observe
 3- What are the six sampling techniques? (4 marks)
Case Sampling techniques

4- Case study about whether frequency and pattern pf accidents and emergency use associated with
diabetes patients (2 marks)
Eposure Outcome

Study design:
Use primary data, secondary data or both? Secondary

5- Case about tuberculosis and relay in seeking healthcare (2 marks)

Eposure Outcome

Study design:
Use primary data, secondary data or both? Both

6- Case about antenatal care and obese pregnant (1 mark)

Study design Phenomenology
Type of researchers used Qualitative research