basics of different gates and functions
Here’s a summary of the basics of different logic gates and their functions:
1. AND Gate
Symbol: D-shaped with two or more inputs and one output.
Function: Output is ‘1’ only if all inputs are ‘1’.
Truth Table (2-input):
A B Y (A·B)
0 0 0
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 1
2. OR Gate
Symbol: Curved input lines converging to a pointed output.
Function: Output is ‘1’ if any input is ‘1’.
Truth Table (2-input):
A B Y (A+B)
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 1
3. NOT Gate (Inverter)
Symbol: Triangle with a circle at output.
Function: Output is the inversion of the input.
Truth Table:
A Y( )
0 1
1 0
4. NAND Gate
Symbol: AND gate with a bubble (inverter) on the output.
Function: Output is ‘0’ only when all inputs are ‘1’; otherwise ‘1’.
Truth Table (2-input):
A B Y=
0 0 1
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0
5. NOR Gate
Symbol: OR gate with a bubble on the output.
Function: Output is ‘1’ only when all inputs are ‘0’.
Truth Table (2-input):
A B Y=
0 0 1
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 0
6. XOR Gate (Exclusive OR)
Symbol: OR gate with an extra curved line at input.
Function: Output is ‘1’ when inputs are different.
Truth Table (2-input):
A B Y=
0 0 0
0 1 1
A B Y=
1 0 1
1 1 0
7. XNOR Gate (Exclusive NOR)
Symbol: XOR gate with a bubble on the output.
Function: Output is ‘1’ when inputs are same.
Truth Table (2-input):
A B Y=
0 0 1
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 1
Key Points:
Each gate manipulates binary signals according to its logical rule.
NAND and NOR are called universal gates—you can construct any logic circuit using only
one of these.
Gates form the building blocks for all digital circuits, from basic arithmetic to processors and
controllers. [1]
Let me know if you need symbolic diagrams or applications for each gate.
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1. lec17.pdf
