Here, this place koko

There, that place near you soko

That place over there asoko
Where, what place doko
This way kochira
That way sochira
That way over there achira
Which way dochira
Classroom kyoushitsu
Dining hall, canteen shokudou
Office jimusho
Conference room kaigishitsu
Reception desk uketsuke
Lobby robi-
Room heya
Toilet, Restroom toire(otearai)
Staircase kaidan
Elevator erebe-ta-
Escalator esukare-ta-
Church kyoukai
Country okuni
Company kaisha
House, home uchi
Telephone, telephone call denwa
Shoes kutsu
Necktie nekutai
Wine wain
Tobacco, cigarette tabako
Counter (in a department store) uriba
Basement chika
What floor ~kai(~gai)
Italy Itaria
Switzerland Suisu
 1. KOKO, SOKO, ASOKO / KOCHIRA, SOCHIRA, ACHIRA
In this lesson, additional demonstrative words are introduced. These
are KOKO, SOKO, and ASOKO plus KOCHIRA, SOCHIRA, and
ACHIRA. Similar to Kore, Sore and Are, Koko, Soko and Asoko as well as
Kochira, and Achira are also demonstratives. But, unlike Kore, Sore and Are, Koko,
Soko and Asoko are used when referring to places while Kochira, Sochira and Achira
are used when referring to directions.

Example: Koko wa kyoushitsu desu. (This is the classroom.)

Kyoushitsu wa koko desu. (The classroom is this place.)
Erebe-ta wa sochira desu. (The elevator is that way.)
Koko, Soko and Asoko may also be used to tell where a person or an
object is.

Example: Tanaka san wa asoko desu. (Mr. Tanaka is over there.)

In the sentence pattern, “Subject wa N desu.”, the subject may

be a person or object while the N tells where the subject is.

Example: Tanaka san wa kyoushitsu desu, (Mr. Tanaka is in the

classroom.)
Denwa wa jimusho desu. (The telephone is in the office.)

2. The Interrogative Word “DARE”

 “DARE” is a Japanese word that translates in English to WHO,
thus, “DARE” is an interrogative word. When a question uses “DARE”, the basic
thing you do is to drop it and replace with your answer which, in this case, is a
person. “DARE” is followed by the particle “NO”, it becomes equivalent to WHOSE.

Example: Kore wa dare no hon desu ka. (Whose book is this?)

Kore wa Yamada san no hon desu. (This is Mr. Yamada’s book.)

Take note that in the above example, I replaced “DARE” with YAMADA
SAN.

3. The Interrogative Word “NAN”

In the previous module, you encountered the interrogative word “NAN”
(WHAT). In this lesson, we again use “NAN” in the question pattern, “Subject
wa nan no N desu ka.” Let me explain the parts of this question. In the
question pattern, “Subject wa nan no N desu ka.”:

 the subject may be KORE, SORE, or ARE

 N is an object
 “Nan no” is “WHAT KIND OF~” in English
To answer the question, drop NAN and replace it with your answer
which, in this case, is the KIND of N. For our example, please consider the picture :

Now, let’s ask the question, “KORE WA NAN NO HON DESU

KA.” This translates in English to, “WHAT KIND OF BOOK IS THIS?” Very
obvious, our answer in English would be,” THIS IS A JAPANESE/ JAPANESE
LANGUAGE BOOK. Let’s translate our answer to Nihongo: “KORE WA
NIHONGO NO HON DESU.”
4. The Interrogative Word “DOKO” and “DOCHIRA”
“DOKO” and “DOCHIRA” are both interrogative words. “DOKO”
means “where” while “DOCHIRA” means “which
direction”. However, “DOCHIRA” can also mean “where” thus, it is more polite
than “DOKO”.
To answer a question that uses “DOKO” or “DOCHIRA”, simply drop it
and replace with your answer which, in this case, can be the specific name of a place or
a demonstrative pronoun referring to a place or direction..

Example: Otearai wa doko desu ka. (Where is the restroom?)

Otearai wa asoko desu. (The restroom is over there.)

Erebe-ta- wa dochira desu ka. (Which way to the elevator?)

Erebe-ta- wa achira desu. (The elevator is that way over there.)

“DOKO” or “DOCHIRA is also used to ask the name of a country,

company, school or any place or organization a person belongs
to. “NAN” (what) cannot be used.

Example: Anata no gakkou wa doko desu ka. (What is the name of your
school?)
Watashi no gakkou wa Batangasu Daigaku desu. (My school is University of
Batangas.)

Okuni wa dochira desu ka. (What country are you from?)

Okuni wa Firipin desu. (My country is Philippines.)

“Subject wa doko no N desu ka.” is our last pattern for this lesson.
Notice that the question uses DOKO (where) but is followed by the particle NO plus
an N. The N is an object or a product.

Thus, in the question pattern,“Subject wa doko no N desu ka.”, we

would like to find out WHERE the N (object/product) is manufactured or made. And to
answer the question, just drop the DOKO and replace it with the name of the place
(country, most of the time) where the N (object/product) is made. Aside from the
name of the place, the name of the company (manufacturer) and even brand name may
be used to answer the question.
 For our example, consider this picture:
To ask where the bag is made in Nihongo, we say (write),
“Kore wa doko no kaban desu ka.”
And to answer, we simply drop the DOKO and replace it with the place
(company/brand). Let's assume our answer is "The bag is made in America". In
Nihongo, that would be “Kore wa AMERIKA no kaban desu.”
 For the numbers one hundred (100) up to nine hundred ninety-nine (999), add
~ HYAKU after saying in Japanese the number that occupies the hundred place.
~HYAKU is a suffix equivalent to HUNDRED
Example: 200 ( 2 + hundred) NIHYAKU
202 (2 + hundred + 2) NIHYAKU NI
222 (2 + hundred + 22) NIHYAKU NIJUUNI

However, the technique previously explained does not apply to all. There are
certain exceptions to which no explanation was given. You just need to memorize what
these exceptions are. Take note, exceptions are to be observed both in the written and
in the spoken Japanese.

100 HYAKU
300 SANBYAKU (pronounced SAMBYAKU)
600 ROPPYAKU
800 HAPPYAKU

For the next set of numbers, one thousand (1,000) up to nine thousand
nine hundred ninety-nine (9,999), add ~ SEN after saying in Japanese the number
that occupies the one thousand places. ~SEN is a suffix equivalent to THOUSAND

Example: 2,000 (2 + thousand) NISEN

2,200 (2 + thousand + 2 + hundred) NISEN NIHYAKU
2,222 (2 + thousand + 2 + hundred + 22) NISEN NIHYAKU
NIJUUNI

Just like in the hundred place, there are also exceptions for the second set.
Again, you need to memorize what these exceptions are.
1, 000 sen
3, 000 sanzen
8,000 hassen

Third set are the numbers ten thousand (10,000) up to ninety-nine thousand
nine hundred ninety-nine (99,999). To say these numbers in Nihongo, add
~MAN after saying in Japanese the number that occupies the ten thousand place.
~MAN is a suffix that refers to the ten thousand place. NO EXCEPTIONS for this set.

Rei : 20, 000 NIMAN

22,222 NIMAN NISEN NIHYAKU NIJUUNI
 Finally, what about the numbers one hundred thousand (100,000) up to
nine hundred ninety-nine thousand nine hundred ninety-nine (999,999) ? To say
these in
Nihongo, add ~MAN after saying in Japanese the TWO-DIGIT number occupying
the Hundred thousand and ten thousand places. Thus, 200, 000 is actually 20 + MAN

200,000 NIJUUMAN

Now that you know how to say numbers higher than 99, let us then
construct sentences that ask for and tell prices. These are your patterns :

To ask for the price, “Subject wa ikura desu ka.”

Just like “DOKO”, “DARE”, and “NAN”, “IKURA” is also an interrogative

word. In English, “IKURA” is HOW MUCH.

To answer the question, simply drop “IKURA” and replace it with

the PRICE of the subject. To tell the price, again, just say (write) in Japanese the
number that tells the
price and add the currency (EN for Japanese currency, DORU for dollars,
and PESO for pesos.

Example : Enpitsu wa ikura desu ka. (How much is the pencil?)

Enpitsu wa gojuu en desu. (The pencil is 50 yen.)