Class 10 Science Notes (Key Chapters)
1. Chemical Reactions and Equations
• Definition and types of chemical reactions
• Balancing chemical equations
• Examples: Combination, decomposition, displacement, and redox reactions
• Importance of conservation of mass
2. Acids, Bases, and Salts
• Properties of acids and bases
• pH scale and indicators
• Common acids and bases in everyday life
• Neutralization reaction and uses of salts
3. Metals and Non-metals
• Physical and chemical properties
• Reactivity series of metals
• Corrosion and its prevention
• Extraction of metals from ores
4. Carbon and Its Compounds
• Introduction to organic compounds
• Hydrocarbons: Saturated and unsaturated
• Functional groups, homologous series
• Uses of hydrocarbons and polymers
5. Life Processes
• Nutrition: Photosynthesis, digestion in humans
• Respiration: Aerobic and anaerobic
• Transportation in animals and plants
• Excretion mechanisms
6. Electricity
• Ohm’s law and resistance
• Series and parallel circuits
• Heating effects of current
• Electric power and energy calculations
7. Magnetic Effects of Electric Current
• Magnetic field and field lines
• Electromagnets and their applications
• Fleming’s left-hand and right-hand rules
8. Light - Reflection and Refraction
• Laws of reflection and images formed by plane mirrors
• Refraction and lenses
• Applications: Human eye, astronomical telescopes
