‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام `‪ `what‬ﻛﻀﻤﯿﺮ وﺻﻞ ﺑﻤﻌﻨﻰ "ﻣﺎ" أو "اﻟﺸﻲء اﻟﺬي‬

‫`‪`what‬ﻛﻀﻤﯿﺮ وﺻﻞ ﻻ ﺗﺤﺘﺎج إﻟﻰ اﺳﻢ ﻗﺒﻠﮭﺎ‪ ،‬ﻷﻧﮭﺎ ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﺑﺪاﺧﻠﮭﺎ‪.‬‬

‫‪`what` = `the thing that`.‬‬

‫*اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻒ‪ *:‬ﻟﻮ ﺷﻔﺖ ﻓﺮاﻏﺎ ً ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ‪ ،‬وﻗﺒﻠﮫ ﻻ ﯾﻮﺟﺪ اﺳﻢ ﻣﺤﺪد( ﻣﺜﻞ `‪ `the man‬أو)`‪، `the book‬‬
‫واﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ھﻮ "اﻟﺸﻲء اﻟﺬي‪".‬‬

‫*اﻹﺟﺮاء‪ *:‬اﺧﺘﺎر‪**`what`**.‬‬

‫‪I couldn't believe _______ he told me. It was a complete shock.‬‬

‫‪(a) that‬‬

‫‪(b) which‬‬

‫‪(c) what‬‬

‫‪(d) who‬‬

‫*اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺔ ‪: **(c) what**.‬ﻷن اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ھﻮ "ﻟﻢ أﺻﺪق **اﻟﺸﻲء اﻟﺬي** أﺧﺒﺮﻧﻲ ﺑﮫ"‪ .‬ﻻ ﯾﻮﺟﺪ اﺳﻢ‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻔﺮاغ‪ ،‬و `‪`what‬ھﻨﺎ ﺗﻘﻮم ﺑﺪور اﻟﻤﻔﻌﻮل ﺑﮫ ﻟﻠﻔﻌﻞ `‪ `believe‬واﻟﻤﻔﻌﻮل ﺑﮫ ﻟﻠﻔﻌﻞ `‪ `told‬ﻓﻲ ﻧﻔﺲ‬
‫اﻟﻮﻗﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪You need to pay careful attention to _______ the teacher says.‬‬

‫‪(a) that‬‬

‫‪(b) which‬‬

‫‪(c) what‬‬

‫‪(d) whom‬‬

‫*اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺔ **‪: **(c) what‬ﻷن اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ھﻮ "اﻧﺘﺒﮫ ﺟﯿﺪا ً إﻟﻰ **ﻣﺎ** ﯾﻘﻮﻟﮫ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻢ‪".‬‬
 `Somebody`‫` و‬Everyone` ‫اﻟﺘﻮاﻓﻖ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻀﻤﺎﺋﺮ وﻛﻠﻤﺎت ﻣﺜﻞ‬

‫` ھﻲ **ﻣﻔﺮدة ﻣﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﯿﺔ‬Everyone`, `Everybody`, `Someone`, `No one` ‫*اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت ﻣﺜﻞ‬

( `s`).‫` ﻓﻌﻞ ﺑـ‬is`/`was`/`has`/‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ **ﺗﺄﺧﺬ‬

‫** وﻟﻜﻦ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻧﺸﯿﺮ إﻟﯿﮭﺎ ﺑﻀﻤﯿﺮ ﻣﻠﻜﯿﺔ أو ﺿﻤﯿﺮ ﻣﻔﻌﻮل ﻻﺣﻘﺎ ً ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬:‫*اﻟﺘﺮﯾﻜﺔ‬
.‫`( ﻟﺘﺠﻨﺐ اﻟﺘﻔﺮﻗﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﺬﻛﺮ واﻟﻤﺆﻧﺚ‬their`, `them`, `themselves`)** ‫**اﻟﻀﻤﯿﺮ ﺑﺼﯿﻐﺔ اﻟﺠﻤﻊ‬

Everyone in the class should bring _______ own dictionary to the exam.

(a) his

(b) her

(c) its

(d) their

If anybody calls, tell _______ I will be back in an hour.

(a) him

(b) her

(c) it

(d) them

(Adverb)**‫( ﺿﺪ اﻟﺤﺎل‬Adjective) ‫اﻟﺼﻔﺔ‬

‫` أو ﺗﺄﺗﻲ‬a man`, `the car`, `the story`) ‫** ﻟﻮ ﻛﻨﺖ ﺗﺮﯾﺪ أن **ﺗﺼﻒ اﺳﻤﺎ ً( **ﻣﺜﻞ‬:‫*اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻒ‬
`be (am/is/are...)`, `seem`, `look`, `feel`, `sound`, `taste`.‫ﺑﻌﺪ أﻓﻌﺎل ﻣﻌﯿﻨﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ‬

(Adjective)**.‫** اﺳﺘﺨﺪم **ﺻﻔﺔ‬:‫*اﻹﺟﺮاء‬

 After the long journey, the tourists felt very _______.

(a) tire

(b) tiring

(c) tired

(d) tiredly

‫ أو ﺗﺼﻒ ﺻﻔﺔ )ﻟﺘﻮﺿﺢ ﻣﺪى‬،(‫** ﻟﻮ ﻛﻨﺖ ﺗﺮﯾﺪ أن **ﺗﺼﻒ ﻓﻌﻼً** )ﺗﻮﺿﺢ ﻛﯿﻒ ﺗﻢ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬:‫*اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻒ‬
.‫ أو ﺗﺼﻒ ﺣﺎﻻً آﺧﺮ‬،(‫ﻗﻮﺗﮭﺎ‬

`-ly`.‫ وﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ ً ﻣﺎ ﯾﻨﺘﮭﻲ ﺑـ‬، (Adverb)**‫** اﺳﺘﺨﺪم **ﺣﺎل‬:‫*اﻹﺟﺮاء‬

The team played _______ and lost the match.

(a) bad

(b) badly

(c) worse

(d) a & b are correct.

(Special Cases)‫ﺣﺎﻻت ﺧﺎﺻﺔ وﻣﻮاﺿﻊ اﻣﺘﺤﺎن‬

`hard`, `fast`, `late`, `early`, `high`, `low`.‫** ﻟﻮ ﺷﻔﺖ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت‬:‫*اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻒ‬

`-ly`.‫** ﺗﺬﻛﺮ أﻧﮭﺎ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﻜﻮن **ﺻﻔﺔ وﺣﺎل ﺑﻨﻔﺲ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ** ﺑﺪون إﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬:‫*اﻹﺟﺮاء‬

`He is a _______ worker; he always works _______.`

(a) hard, hardly

(b) hardly, hard

(c) hard, hard

(d) hardly, hardly

 ‫*اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻒ‪ **:‬ﻟﻮ ﻛﺎن اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ھﻮ **"ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺎد" أو "ﻧﺎدراً" أو "ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺒﺎ ً ﻻ‪"**.‬‬

‫*اﻹﺟﺮاء‪ **:‬اﺧﺘﺎر **`‪ **`hardly‬أو `‪ `scarcely‬أو‪`rarely`.‬‬

‫‪He was so tired that he could _______ keep his eyes open.‬‬

‫‪(a) hard‬‬

‫‪(b) harder‬‬

‫‪(c) hardly‬‬

‫‪(d) latest‬‬

‫*اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻒ‪ **:‬ﻟﻮ ﻛﺎن اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ھﻮ **"ﻣﺆﺧﺮاً" أو "ﻓﻲ اﻵوﻧﺔ اﻷﺧﯿﺮة‪"**.‬‬

‫*اﻹﺟﺮاء‪ **:‬اﺧﺘﺎر‪**`lately`**.‬‬

‫`‪I haven't seen my cousin _______; I think he travelled.‬‬

‫‪(a) late‬‬

‫‪(b) later‬‬

‫‪(c) lately‬‬

‫‪(d) latest‬‬

‫اﻟﺼﻔﺎت اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺔ)‪(Compound Adjectives‬‬

‫ھﻲ ﺻﻔﺔ ﺗﺘﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ ﻛﻠﻤﺘﯿﻦ أو أﻛﺜﺮ‪ ،‬وﯾﻮﺿﻊ ﺑﯿﻨﮭﻤﺎ ﺷﺮطﺔ)`‪ ، (`hyphen -‬وﺗﺄﺗﻲ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻻﺳﻢ اﻟﺬي‬
‫ﺗﺼﻔﮫ‪.‬‬

‫*اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻒ‪ **:‬ﻟﻮ ﺷﻔﺖ ﺗﺮﻛﯿﺒﺔ ﻣﻦ **)ﻋﺪد ‪ +‬اﺳﻢ(** ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻛﺼﻔﺔ ﻻﺳﻢ آﺧﺮ‪.‬‬
 .ً ‫** ﯾﺠﺐ أن ﯾﻜﻮن اﻻﺳﻢ اﻟﺬي ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻌﺪد **ﻣﻔﺮدا ً داﺋﻤﺎً** وﻻ ﯾﺠﻤﻊ أﺑﺪا‬:‫*اﻹﺟﺮاء‬

.‫` اﺳﺘﺮاﺣﺔ ﻣﺪﺗﮭﺎ ﻋﺸﺮ دﻗﺎﺋﻖ‬a ten-minute break` ‫اﻟﺘﺮﻛﯿﺐ اﻟﺼﺤﯿﺢ‬

`a ten-minutes break`.‫اﻟﺘﺮﻛﯿﺐ اﻟﺨﻄﺄ‬

My uncle lives in a _______ building.

(a) ten-floors

(b) ten floor

(c) ten-floor

(d) tens-floor

I read a _______ report about the new project.

(a) twenty-pages

(b) twenty-page

(c) twenty page's

(d) twenties-page

**.‫ ﺗﺼﺮﯾﻒ ﺛﺎﻟﺚ‬+ ‫** ﻟﻮ ﺷﻔﺖ ﺻﻔﺔ ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺔ ﺗﺘﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ **ﺣﺎل‬:‫*اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻒ‬

`well-known`, `well-dressed`, `high-tech`).‫** اﺧﺘﺎر اﻟﺘﺮﻛﯿﺐ اﻟﺼﺤﯿﺢ ﻣﺜﻞ‬:‫*اﻹﺟﺮاء‬

`Naguib Mahfouz is a _______ writer all over the world.`

(a) known-well

(b) well-known

(c) good-known

(d) well-knowing
 `Since‫` و‬For` ‫ اﻟﻔﺮق ﺑﯿﻦ‬- ‫اﻟﺮواﺑﻂ اﻟﺰﻣﻨﯿﺔ‬

.‫ﺗُﺴﺘﺨﺪم ھﺎﺗﺎن اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺘﺎن ﻣﻊ اﻷزﻣﻨﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﻣﺔ )ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع اﻟﺘﺎم( ﻟﻺﺷﺎرة إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺪة‬

(a period of time).‫** ﻟﻮ ﺷﻔﺖ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ **ﻣﺪة زﻣﻨﯿﺔ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺑﺔ وﻣﺤﺪدة اﻟﻄﻮل‬:‫*اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻒ‬

: `three days`, `two weeks`, `ten years`, `a long time`, `ages`.‫أﻣﺜﻠﺔ‬

**`for`**.‫** اﺧﺘﺎر‬:‫*اﻹﺟﺮاء‬

My family has lived in this house _______ more than twenty years.

(a) since

(b) for

(c) ago

(d) from

(a specific point in time).‫** ﻟﻮ ﺷﻔﺖ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ **ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺑﺪاﯾﺔ زﻣﻨﯿﺔ ﻣﺤﺪدة‬:‫*اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻒ‬

‫أو ﺟﻤﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ زﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ‬, `last Monday`, `8 o'clock`, `my birthday`, 2010` :‫أﻣﺜﻠﺔ‬
.‫اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻂ‬

**`since`**.‫** اﺧﺘﺎر‬:‫*اﻹﺟﺮاء‬

I haven't met my old school friends _______ we graduated.

(a) for

(b) since

(c) yet

(d) from
 ‫اﻟﺘﻔﺮﯾﻖ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻛﻞ ﺣﺎﻻت اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ)‪(Future Forms‬‬

‫اﻟﻤﺼﺪر ‪ `will +‬اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬

‫** *اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻒ**‪:‬‬

‫ﻗﺮار ﺳﺮﯾﻊ‪ **:‬ﯾﺘﻢ اﺗﺨﺎذه ﻟﺤﻈﺔ اﻟﻜﻼم)`‪. (`The phone is ringing. I'll get it.‬‬

‫ﺗﻮﻗﻊ ﺑﺪون دﻟﯿﻞ‪ :‬ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎً ﻣﻊ ﻛﻠﻤﺎت ﻣﺜﻞ)`‪`think`, `believe`, `expect`. (`I think it will rain.‬‬

‫وﻋﺪ أو ﺗﮭﺪﯾﺪ)`!‪(`I promise I will help you.` / `Stop, or I'll shoot‬‬

‫ﻋﺮض أو طﻠﺐ)`?‪(`I'll carry that for you.` / `Will you help me, please‬‬

‫ﺣﻘﯿﻘﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﯿﺔ‪) **:‬ﻋﻤﺮ‪ ،‬أﺣﺪاث ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ()`‪. (`He will be 18 next month.‬‬

‫*اﻹﺟﺮاء‪ **:‬اﺧﺘﺎر ‪ *`will +‬اﻟﻤﺼﺪر‪*.‬‬

‫`"‪"It's hot in here." - "You're right. I _______ the window.‬‬

‫‪(a) am going to open‬‬

‫‪(b) am opening‬‬

‫‪(c) will open‬‬

‫‪(d) open‬‬

‫اﻟﻤﺼﺪر ‪ `be going to +‬اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬

‫*اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻒ**‪:‬‬

‫* ﺧﻄﺔ أو ﻧﯿﺔ ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ‪ :‬ﻗﺮار ﺗﻢ اﻟﺘﻔﻜﯿﺮ ﻓﯿﮫ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻟﺤﻈﺔ اﻟﻜﻼم‪.‬‬

‫* ﺗﻮﻗﻊ ﻣﺒﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ دﻟﯿﻞ واﺿﺢ‪ :‬ﺷﻲء ﺗﺮاه أو ﺗﺴﻤﻌﮫ ﯾﺠﻌﻠﻚ ﺗﺘﻮﻗﻊ ﺣﺪوث ﺷﻲء ﻣﺎ‪.‬‬

‫*اﻹﺟﺮاء‪**:‬‬

‫`اﻟﻤﺼﺪر ‪ `am/is/are + going to +‬اﺧﺘﺎر‬

‫`‪`Look at those black clouds! It _______ heavily.‬‬

 (a) will rain

(b) is going to rain

(c) is raining

(d) rains

(`am/is/are + v-ing`)**‫**اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬

‫ وﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎً ﻣﻊ أﺷﺨﺎص‬،‫** ﻟﻮ اﻟﺴﯿﺎق ﻓﯿﮫ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﻲ ﻣﺤﺪد )ﺗﻢ ﺗﺤﺪﯾﺪ اﻟﻤﻮﻋﺪ واﻟﺰﻣﺎن‬:‫*اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻒ‬
.(‫آﺧﺮﯾﻦ‬

**`am/is/are + v-ing`**.‫** اﺧﺘﺎر‬:‫*اﻹﺟﺮاء‬

`I can't see you tonight because I _______ my cousins at the airport.`

(a) will meet

(b) am going to meet

(c) am meeting

(d) meet

(Comparison & Superlative)‫ﺻﯿﻎ اﻟﻤﻘﺎرﻧﺔ واﻟﺘﻔﻀﯿﻞ‬

(Equality)**‫**اﻟﺘﺴﺎوي‬

.‫** ﻟﻮ ﺑﺘﻘﺎرن ﺑﯿﻦ ﺷﯿﺌﯿﻦ وﺗﻘﻮل إﻧﮭﻤﺎ **ﻣﺘﺴﺎوﯾﺎن** ﻓﻲ ﺻﻔﺔ ﻣﻌﯿﻨﺔ‬:‫*اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻒ‬

**:‫*اﻹﺟﺮاء‬

‫` اﺳﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﺘﺮﻛﯿﺐ‬as + ‫ ﺻﻔﺔ‬+ as`

`Salma is _______ her sister Laila. They are both clever.`

(a) cleverer than

(b) the cleverest

(c) as clever as
 ‫‪(d) more clever‬‬

‫**اﻟﻤﻘﺎرﻧﺔ**)‪(Comparative‬‬

‫*اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻒ‪ **:‬ﻟﻮ ﺑﺘﻘﺎرن ﺑﯿﻦ اﺛﻨﯿﻦ ﻓﻘﻂ )ﺷﺨﺼﯿﻦ‪ ،‬ﺷﯿﺌﯿﻦ(‪.‬‬

‫*اﻹﺟﺮاء**‪:‬‬

‫* ﻟﻠﺼﻔﺎت اﻟﻘﺼﯿﺮة‪:‬‬

‫‪ + er + than‬ﺻﻔﺔ‬

‫* ﻟﻠﺼﻔﺎت اﻟﻄﻮﯾﻠﺔ‪:‬‬

‫‪ + than‬ﺻﻔﺔ طﻮﯾﻠﺔ ‪more +‬‬

‫`‪`A modern car is much _______ than a classic car.‬‬

‫‪(a) most comfortable‬‬

‫‪(b) as comfortable as‬‬

‫‪(c) comfortable‬‬

‫‪(d) more comfortable‬‬

‫**اﻟﺘﻔﻀﯿﻞ**)‪(Superlative‬‬

‫*اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻒ‪ **:‬ﻟﻮ ﺑﺘﻘﺎرن ﺑﯿﻦ واﺣﺪ وﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ )أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ اﺛﻨﯿﻦ(‪.‬‬

‫*اﻹﺟﺮاء**‪:‬‬

‫ﻟﻠﻘﺼﯿﺮة‪:‬‬

‫‪ + est‬ﺻﻔﺔ ‪the +‬‬

‫ﻟﻠﻄﻮﯾﻠﺔ‪:‬‬

‫ﺻﻔﺔ طﻮﯾﻠﺔ ‪the most +‬‬

`The Nile is _______ river in the world.`

(a) longer than

(b) as long as

(c) the longest

(d) more long

**‫ﺗﺮﯾﻜﺔ اﻻﻣﺘﺤﺎن‬:**

**`of the two`**.‫** ﻟﻮ ﺷﻔﺖ ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ اﺛﻨﯿﻦ وﻟﻜﻦ ﻣﻊ وﺟﻮد ﻋﺒﺎرة‬:‫*اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻒ‬

**:‫*اﻹﺟﺮاء‬

‫`( اﺳﺘﺨﺪم ﺻﯿﻐﺔ اﻟﻤﻘﺎرﻧﺔ‬-er` ‫` أو‬more`) ‫` وﻟﻜﻦ ﯾﺠﺐ أن ﺗﺴﺒﻘﮭﺎ‬the`

`Of the two brothers, Ahmed is _______.`

(a) taller

(b) the tallest

(c) the taller

(d) as tall as

.‫` ﻣﻊ ﺻﯿﻐﺔ اﻟﻤﻘﺎرﻧﺔ‬the` ‫` ﯾﺠﺒﺮﻧﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬of the two` ‫وﺟﻮد‬: (c) the taller. ‫اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺔ‬
 ‫اﻟﺪﻟﯿﻞ اﻟﺸﺎﻣﻞ ﻟﻠﺮواﺑﻂ اﻟﺰﻣﻨﯿﺔ واﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﯿﺔ**)‪(Connectors & Conjunctions‬‬

‫رواﺑﻂ اﻟﺘﺴﻠﺴﻞ اﻟﺰﻣﻨﻲ**)‪(Time Connectors‬‬

‫ﺗﻮﺿﺢ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ وﻗﻮع اﻷﺣﺪاث‪.‬‬

‫*اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻒ‪ **:‬ﻟﻮ ﻋﻨﺪك ﺣﺪﺛﯿﻦ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ‪ ،‬وﺗﺮﯾﺪ أن ﺗﻘﻮل إن اﻟﺤﺪث اﻷول ﺗﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﺤﺪث‬
‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪.‬‬

‫*اﻹﺟﺮاء‪ **:‬اﺳﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﺮواﺑﻂ‪`After`, `As soon as`, `When`.‬‬

‫اﻟﺘﺮﻛﯿﺐ‪:‬‬

‫اﻟﺮاﺑﻂ ‪ +‬اﻟﺤﺪث اﻷول) ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺗﺎم( ‪,‬اﻟﺤﺪث اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ )ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺑﺴﯿﻂ(‬

‫‪After she _______ her report, she submitted it to the manager.‬‬

‫‪(a) writes‬‬

‫‪(b) had written‬‬

‫‪(c) was writing‬‬

‫‪(d) has written‬‬

‫*اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻒ‪ **:‬ﻟﻮ ﻋﻨﺪك ﺣﺪﺛﯿﻦ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ‪ ،‬وﺗﺮﯾﺪ أن ﺗﻘﻮل إن اﻟﺤﺪث اﻷول ﻛﺎن ﻗﺪ ﺗﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺑﺤﻠﻮل‬
‫وﻗﺖ وﻗﻮع اﻟﺤﺪث اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪).‬ﻗﺒﻞ ﺣﺪوث اﻟﺤﺪث اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ(‬

‫*اﻹﺟﺮاء‪ **:‬اﺳﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﺮواﺑﻂ‪`Before`, `By the time`.‬‬

‫اﻟﺘﺮﻛﯿﺐ‬

‫اﻟﺮاﺑﻂ ‪ +‬اﻟﺤﺪث اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ )ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺑﺴﯿﻂ(‪ ,‬اﻟﺤﺪث اﻷول) ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺗﺎم(‬

‫`‪`By the time the firefighters arrived, the fire _______ the entire building.‬‬

‫‪(a) destroys‬‬

‫‪(b) was destroying‬‬

‫‪(c) had destroyed‬‬

 ‫‪(d) has destroyed‬‬

‫*اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻒ‪ **:‬ﻟﻮ ﻋﻨﺪك ﺣﺪث طﻮﯾﻞ ﻛﺎن ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮاً وﻗﻄﻌﮫ ﺣﺪث ﻗﺼﯿﺮ‪ ،‬أو ﺣﺪﺛﺎن ﻛﺎﻧﺎ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮﯾﻦ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻔﺲ‬
‫اﻟﻮﻗﺖ‪.‬‬

‫*اﻹﺟﺮاء‪ :‬اﺳﺘﺨﺪم `‪ `While‬أو‪`As`.‬‬

‫اﻟﺘﺮﻛﯿﺐ‬

‫‪+While‬ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‪ ,‬ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺑﺴﯿﻂ )أو ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ آﺧﺮ(‬

‫`‪`While I _______ my car, my children were playing in the garden.‬‬

‫‪(a) washed‬‬

‫‪(b) had washed‬‬

‫‪(c) was washing‬‬

‫‪(d) have washed‬‬

‫*اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻒ‪ **:‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﺮﺑﻂ ﺣﺪﺛﺎً ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ ﺑﻨﺘﯿﺠﺔ أو ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮة ﺣﺘﻰ اﻵن‪.‬‬

‫*اﻹﺟﺮاء‪ **:‬اﺳﺘﺨﺪم `‪ `since‬ﻛﺮاﺑﻂ‪.‬‬

‫اﻟﺘﺮﻛﯿﺐ‪:‬‬

‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺑﺴﯿﻂ ‪ + since +‬ﻣﻀﺎرع ﺗﺎم‬

‫`‪`He has worked as an engineer _______ he graduated from university.‬‬

‫‪(a) for‬‬

‫‪(b) since‬‬

‫‪(c) before‬‬

‫‪(d) while‬‬

‫رواﺑﻂ اﻟﻘﻠﺐ‪/‬اﻻﻧﻌﻜﺎس)‪(Inversion Connectors‬‬

 `Scarcely`.‫` أو‬Hardly` ‫` أو‬No sooner` ‫** ﻟﻮ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﺑﺪأت ﺑـ‬:‫*اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻒ‬

‫ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ(** ﺑﻌﺪھﺎ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة ﻓﻲ زﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﺘﺎم‬+ ‫** اﺳﺘﺨﺪم **ﺻﯿﻐﺔ اﻟﻘﻠﺐ )ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬:‫*اﻹﺟﺮاء‬
.‫ وﺗﺬﻛﺮ اﻟﺜﻨﺎﺋﯿﺎت اﻟﺼﺤﯿﺤﺔ‬، ‫ واﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻻﺧﺮى ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻂ اﻟﻌﺎدي‬p.p + ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬had

* `No sooner ... than`

* `Hardly / Scarcely /Barely ... when`

No sooner _______ home than he received an urgent phone call.

(a) he had reached

(b) he reached

(c) had he reached

(d) has he reached

`Hardly had she finished cooking _______ the guests arrived.`

(a) than

(b) then

(c) when

(d) that

(Correlative Conjunctions)**‫رواﺑﻂ اﻟﺘﻼزم واﻻﺧﺘﯿﺎر‬

".‫** ﻟﻮ ﺗﺮﯾﺪ اﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻓﻜﺮﺗﯿﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ أﻧﮭﻤﺎ ﺧﯿﺎران "إﻣﺎ ھﺬا أو ذاك‬:‫*اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻒ‬

.(‫`** اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﯾﺘﺒﻊ اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ )اﻷﻗﺮب‬Either ... or ...`**. ‫** اﺳﺘﺨﺪم‬:‫*اﻹﺟﺮاء‬

Either the students or the teacher _______ responsible for cleaning the lab.

(a) are
 ‫‪(b) is‬‬

‫‪(c) were‬‬

‫‪(d) have‬‬

‫*اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻒ‪ **:‬ﻟﻮ ﺗﺮﯾﺪ ﻧﻔﻲ ﻓﻜﺮﺗﯿﻦ ﻣﻌﺎً "ﻻ ھﺬا وﻻ ذاك‪".‬‬

‫*اﻹﺟﺮاء‪ **:‬اﺳﺘﺨﺪم ‪ **`Neither ... nor ...`**.‬اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﯾﺘﺒﻊ اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ )اﻷﻗﺮب(‪.‬‬

‫`‪`Neither my father nor my brothers _______ football.‬‬

‫‪(a) watching‬‬

‫‪(b) watch‬‬

‫‪(c) watches‬‬

‫‪(d) is watching‬‬

‫*اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻒ‪ **:‬ﻟﻮ ﺗﺮﯾﺪ اﻟﺠﻤﻊ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻓﻜﺮﺗﯿﻦ "ﻛﻼھﻤﺎ‪".‬‬

‫*اﻹﺟﺮاء‪ **:‬اﺳﺘﺨﺪم ‪ **`Both ... and ...`**.‬اﻟﻔﻌﻞ داﺋﻤﺎً ﺟﻤﻊ‪.‬‬

‫‪Both my parents _______ proud of my success.‬‬

‫‪(a) is‬‬

‫‪(b) was‬‬

‫‪(c) are‬‬

‫‪(d) has‬‬

‫رواﺑﻂ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﯿﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺠﻤﻞ**)‪(Logical Connectors‬‬

‫ھﺬه اﻟﺮواﺑﻂ ﺗﺄﺗﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺑﺪاﯾﺔ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ وﺗﺘﺒﻌﮭﺎ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﺔ‪(comma),‬‬

 **.‫ وﺗﺮﯾﺪ أن ﺗﺬﻛﺮ اﻟﺤﺪث اﻟﺬي وﻗﻊ **ﺑﻌﺪه‬،ً‫** ﻟﻮ ذﻛﺮت ﺣﺪﺛﺎ‬:‫*اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻒ‬

**:‫*اﻹﺟﺮاء‬

‫`** اﺳﺘﺨﺪم‬After that,`** (،‫=)ﺑﻌﺪ ذﻟﻚ‬before

`First, we visited the museum. _______, we had lunch at a famous restaurant.`

(a) Before that

(b) After that

(c) During

(d) While

first ..second ..third /then ‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ ھﺎﻣﺔ ﺟﺪا ﻋﻨﺪ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻛﻠﻤﺎت اﻟﺘﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﻟﺮواﯾﺔ اﻻﺣﺪاث ﻣﺜﻞ‬
‫ﻛﻞ اﻟﺠﻤﻞ ﺗﻮﺿﻊ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻂ‬/after that

**.‫ وﺗﺮﯾﺪ أن ﺗﺬﻛﺮ اﻟﺤﺪث اﻟﺬي وﻗﻊ **ﻗﺒﻠﮫ‬،ً‫** ﻟﻮ ذﻛﺮت ﺣﺪﺛﺎ‬:‫*اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻒ‬

**:‫*اﻹﺟﺮاء‬

‫`** اﺳﺘﺨﺪم‬Before that,`** (،‫=)ﻗﺒﻞ ذﻟﻚ‬after

`I moved to Cairo in 2022. _______, I had lived in Alexandria for five years.`

(a) Before that

(b) After that

(c) As soon as

(d) Until
 ‫ﻓﺨﺎخ اﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ**)‪(Grammar Traps‬‬

‫*اﻟﻔﺦ‪ **:‬وﺟﻮد ﻋﺒﺎرة `‪ `of the two‬ﻓﻲ ﺟﻤﻠﺔ ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ‪.‬‬

‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪**:‬اﺳﺘﺨﺪم ﺻﯿﻐﺔ اﻟﻤﻘﺎرﻧﺔ `‪ `-er‬أو `‪ `more‬وﻟﻜﻦ ﺿﻊ ﻗﺒﻠﮭﺎ`‪`the‬‬

‫ﻣﺜﺎل‬

‫‪Of the two plans, this one is the more practical.‬‬

‫*اﻟﻔﺦ‪ **:‬ﺑﻨﺎء اﻟﻔﻌﻞ `‪) `make‬ﺑﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﯾُﺠﺒﺮ( ﻟﻠﻤﺠﮭﻮل‪.‬‬

‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪**:‬‬

‫اﻟﻤﺼﺪر ‪ to +‬ﯾﺠﺐ أن ﯾﺘﺒﻌﮫ‬

‫‪The witness was made to repeat his testimony‬‬

‫*اﻟﻔﺦ‪ **:‬وﺟﻮد ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﺜﻞ `‪ `suggest‬أو `‪ `recommend‬ﻣﺘﺒﻮﻋﺎً ﺑـ `‪ `that‬وﻓﺎﻋﻞ‪.‬‬

‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪ **:‬اﺳﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺼﺪر )‪ (infinitive‬ﺑﺪون أي إﺿﺎﻓﺎت‪.‬‬

‫‪ `sees`).‬وﻟﯿﺲ( ‪She recommended that he see a specialist.‬‬

‫*اﻟﻔﺦ‪ **:‬ﺑﺪاﯾﺔ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﺑـ‪`Having`.‬‬

‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪ **:‬ﻟﻮ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻣﺒﻨﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻮم اﺳﺘﺨﺪم ‪Having + P.P‬‬

‫ﻟﻮ ﻣﺒﻨﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﮭﻮل‬

‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪم‪`Having been + P.P.`.‬‬

‫ﻣﺜﺎل )ﻣﻌﻠﻮم(`‪Having finished his work, he left.‬‬

 Having been awarded the prize, she felt very happy.`(‫ﻣﺜﺎل )ﻣﺠﮭﻮل‬

.‫` ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﯿﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺷﻲء ﻣﺴﺘﺤﯿﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﺎﺿﺮ‬I wish` ‫** اﻟﺘﻤﻨﻲ ﻣﻊ‬:‫*اﻟﻔﺦ‬

**:‫اﻟﺤﻞ‬

‫` اﺳﺘﺨﺪم‬were` ‫` ﺑﻤﺎ ﻓﯿﮭﺎ( ﻣﻊ ﻛﻞ اﻟﻀﻤﺎﺋﺮ‬I`, `He`, `She`).

I wish I were a bird so I could fly.

.‫` ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﻤﻞ اﻟﺸﺮطﯿﺔ‬Unless` ‫** اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬:‫*اﻟﻔﺦ‬

**:‫اﻟﺤﻞ‬

‫` ﺗﺬﻛﺮ داﺋﻤﺎً أن‬Unless` = `If ... not`. (‫إذا ﻟﻢ‬...).

`You won't succeed unless you work hard.` (= if you don't work hard).

`Let's`.‫( ﻣﻊ ﺟﻤﻠﺔ ﺗﺒﺪأ ﺑـ‬Question Tag) ‫** اﻟﺴﺆال اﻟﻤﺰﯾﻞ‬:‫*اﻟﻔﺦ‬

**:‫اﻟﺤﻞ‬

ً‫` اﻟﺴﺆال اﻟﻤﺰﯾﻞ داﺋﻤﺎ‬shall we?`.

Let's go to the cinema, shall we?

".‫** اﻟﺘﻌﺒﯿﺮ "ﯾﺘﻄﻠﻊ إﻟﻰ‬:‫*اﻟﻔﺦ‬

**:‫اﻟﺤﻞ‬

ing ‫` وﯾﺠﺐ أن ﯾﺘﺒﻌﮫ اﺳﻢ أو ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﻀﺎف ﻟﮫ‬look forward to` ‫ھﻮ‬

I'm looking forward to seeing you soon.

 `result from`.‫` و‬result in` ‫** اﻟﻔﺮق ﺑﯿﻦ‬:‫*اﻟﻔﺦ‬

.‫)ﯾﻨﺘﺞ ﻋﻦ( ﯾﺄﺗﻲ ﺑﻌﺪھﺎ اﻟﺴﺒﺐ‬. `result from` ‫)ﯾﺆدي إﻟﻰ( ﯾﺄﺗﻲ ﺑﻌﺪھﺎ اﻟﻨﺘﯿﺠﺔ‬:** `result in` ‫اﻟﺤﻞ‬

Careless driving often results in terrible accidents.

Accidents often result from careless driving.

`famous as`.‫` و‬famous for` ‫** اﻟﻔﺮق ﺑﯿﻦ‬:‫*اﻟﻔﺦ‬

‫)ﻣﺸﮭﻮر ﻛـ( ﯾﺄﺗﻲ ﺑﻌﺪھﺎ‬. `famous as` ‫)ﻣﺸﮭﻮر ﺑـ( ﯾﺄﺗﻲ ﺑﻌﺪھﺎ ﺳﺒﺐ اﻟﺸﮭﺮة‬:** `famous for` ‫اﻟﺤﻞ‬
.‫وظﯿﻔﺘﮫ أو ﻟﻘﺒﮫ‬

`Egypt is famous for its ancient monuments.`

`Ahmed Zewail was famous as a great scientist.`

.‫** اﻟﺘﻌﺒﯿﺮ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨﺪم ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻌﻞ ﺷﻲء ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ‬:‫*اﻟﻔﺦ‬

`regret + v-ing`.‫** اﺳﺘﺨﺪم‬:‫اﻟﺤﻞ‬

`He regrets wasting his time when he was young.`

`in time`.‫` و‬on time` ‫** اﻟﻔﺮق ﺑﯿﻦ‬:‫*اﻟﻔﺦ‬

‫ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻓﻮات اﻷوان‬/ ‫` ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬in time` ‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻮﻋﺪ اﻟﻤﺤﺪد ﺑﺎﻟﻀﺒﻂ‬: on time ‫اﻟﺤﻞ‬

The train left exactly on time at 8:00 AM.

The ambulance arrived in time to save the injured man.

.‫** اﺧﺘﯿﺎر ﻋﻼﻣﺔ اﻟﺘﺮﻗﯿﻢ ﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺟﻤﻠﺘﯿﻦ ﻛﺎﻣﻠﺘﯿﻦ وﻣﺘﺮاﺑﻄﺘﯿﻦ ﺑﻘﻮة ﺑﺪون أداة رﺑﻂ‬:‫*اﻟﻔﺦ‬

(Semicolon ;).‫** اﺳﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻔﺎﺻﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﻘﻮطﺔ‬:‫اﻟﺤﻞ‬

The first part of the exam was easy; the second part was extremely difficult.
 ‫ﺗﻮاﻓﻖ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ واﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ وﺗﺘﺎﺑﻊ اﻷزﻣﻨﺔ‬

‫ﻓﺦ ﺗﻮاﻓﻖ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ**)‪(Subject-Verb Agreement‬‬

‫اﻟﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﻻ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ اﻟﻮاﺿﺢ)`‪ ، (`He plays‬وﻟﻜﻦ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﯾﻜﻮن اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﺧﺎدﻋﺎً‪.‬‬

‫*اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻒ‪ **:‬ﻟﻮ ﺷﻔﺖ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‪ ،‬وﺑﻌﺪه ﻋﺒﺎرة طﻮﯾﻠﺔ ﺗﻔﺼﻠﮫ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ( ﺗﺒﺪأ ﺑـ ‪`with`, `along with`,‬‬
‫‪`as well as`, `in addition to`).‬‬

‫*اﻹﺟﺮاء‪** :‬ﺗﺠﺎھﻞ اﻟﻌﺒﺎرة اﻟﻄﻮﯾﻠﺔ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﺎً‪ .‬اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﯾﺠﺐ أن ﯾﺘﻮاﻓﻖ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ اﻷﺻﻠﻲ اﻷول‪.‬‬

‫`‪`The captain, as well as the players, _______ excited about winning the match.‬‬

‫‪(a) are‬‬

‫‪(b) were‬‬

‫‪(c) is‬‬

‫‪(d) have‬‬

‫اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ اﻷﺻﻠﻲ ھﻮ `‪) `The captain‬ﻣﻔﺮد(‪ ،‬واﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﯾﺠﺐ أن ﯾﻜﻮن ﻣﻔﺮداً‪ .‬ﻋﺒﺎرة ‪`as well as‬‬
‫`‪the players‬ﻻ ﺗﺆﺛﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ‪.‬‬

‫*اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻒ‪ **:‬ﻟﻮ ﺷﻔﺖ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ ﯾﺒﺪأ ﺑـ ‪`Each`, `Every`, `Everyone`, `Someone`, `No one`,‬‬
‫‪`One of the...`.‬‬

‫*اﻹﺟﺮاء‪ **:‬ھﺬه اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت داﺋﻤﺎً ﺗﺄﺧﺬ **ﻓﻌﻼً ﻣﻔﺮداً‪**.‬‬

‫`‪`Each of the winning students _______ given a medal.‬‬

‫‪(a) are‬‬

‫‪(b) were‬‬

‫‪(c) was‬‬

‫‪(d) have‬‬

‫اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ اﻟﺤﻘﯿﻘﻲ ھﻮ `‪) `Each‬ﻛﻞ واﺣﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺪة(‪ ،‬وھﻮ ﻣﻔﺮد‪.‬‬

 ‫*اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻒ‪ **:‬ﻟﻮ ﺷﻔﺖ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ ﻣﺮﻛﺐ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑـ `‪ `Either...or‬أو‪`Neither...nor`.‬‬

‫*اﻹﺟﺮاء‪ **:‬اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﯾﺠﺐ أن ﯾﺘﻮاﻓﻖ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ )اﻷﻗﺮب ﻟﻠﻔﻌﻞ(‪.‬‬

‫‪`Neither the manager nor the employees _______ satisfied with the new‬‬
‫`‪policy.‬‬

‫‪(a) is‬‬

‫‪(b) was‬‬

‫‪(c) has‬‬

‫‪(d) are‬‬

‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﯾﺘﺒﻊ اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ اﻷﻗﺮب وھﻮ `‪ `the employees‬ﺟﻤﻊ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺦ ﺗﺘﺎﺑﻊ وﺗﻮاﻓﻖ اﻷزﻣﻨﺔ**)‪(Sequence of Tenses‬‬

‫اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ھﻲ أن "اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ ﯾﺘﺒﻊ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ"‪ ،‬وﻟﻜﻦ ھﻨﺎك ﺣﺎﻻت ﺧﺎﺻﺔ وﻣﮭﻤﺔ ﺟﺪاً‪.‬‬

‫*اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻒ‪**:‬‬

‫ﻟﻮ ﺷﻔﺖ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﺑﺪأت ﺑﻔﻌﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ ﻣﺜﻞ‪`He said`, `She realized`, `I knew`.‬‬

‫*اﻹﺟﺮاء‪ **:‬ﯾﺠﺐ أن ﯾﻜﻮن اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﻟﮫ ﻓﻲ زﻣﻦ ﻣﺎﺿﻲ أﯾﻀﺎً‪.‬‬

‫`‪`He promised that he _______ me the next day.‬‬

‫‪(a) will visit‬‬

‫‪(b) visits‬‬

‫‪(c) would visit‬‬

‫‪(d) can visit‬‬

 ‫*اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻒ‪ **:‬ﻟﻮ ﺷﻔﺖ ﺗﻌﺒﯿﺮ `‪ `It's time‬أو `‪ `It's high time‬وﺑﻌﺪه **ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‪**.‬‬

‫*اﻹﺟﺮاء‪ **:‬اﺳﺘﺨﺪم ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ زﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻂ ‪ ،‬ﺣﺘﻰ ﻟﻮ ﻛﺎن اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﯾﺸﯿﺮ ﻟﻠﺤﺎﺿﺮ‪.‬‬

‫`‪`The children are still playing. It's high time they _______ to bed.‬‬

‫‪(a) go‬‬

‫‪(b) will go‬‬

‫‪(c) went‬‬

‫‪(d) have gone‬‬

‫ھﺬه ﺻﯿﻐﺔ ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﯿﺮ ﻋﻦ أن اﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻗﺪ ﺣﺎن ﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺷﻲء‪.‬‬

‫*اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻒ‪ **:‬ﻟﻮ ﺷﻔﺖ ﺗﻌﺒﯿﺮ `‪ `I'd rather‬وﺑﻌﺪه **ﻓﺎﻋﻞ آﺧﺮ‪**.‬‬

‫*اﻹﺟﺮاء‪ **:‬اﺳﺘﺨﺪم ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ اﻵﺧﺮ زﻣﻦ **اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻂ‪**.‬‬

‫`"‪`"Should I tell her the news?" - "No, I'd rather you _______ say anything.‬‬

‫‪(a) don't‬‬

‫‪(b) won't‬‬

‫‪(c) didn't‬‬

‫‪(d) haven't‬‬

‫*اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻒ‪ **:‬ﻟﻮ ﺷﻔﺖ ﺗﻌﺒﯿﺮ `‪ `I wish‬أو‪`If only`.‬‬

‫*اﻹﺟﺮاء**‪:‬‬

‫* ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﯿﺮ ﻋﻦ **أﻣﻨﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﺎﺿﺮ** ← اﺳﺘﺨﺪم **ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺑﺴﯿﻂ‪**.‬‬

‫* ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﯿﺮ ﻋﻦ **ﻧﺪم ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ** ← اﺳﺘﺨﺪم **ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺗﺎم‪**.‬‬

‫`‪`I didn't study for the test. I wish I _______ my time.‬‬

‫‪(a) didn't waste‬‬

 ‫‪(b) don't waste‬‬

‫‪(c) hadn't wasted‬‬

‫‪(d) wouldn't waste‬‬

‫ﺷﺮح اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑـ `‪ `but now‬ﺗﺮﯾﻜﺔ`‪`used to‬‬

‫ﻋﺒﺎرة *`‪) *`but now‬وﻟﻜﻦ اﻵن( ﺗُﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ واﺿﺤﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻋﺎدة أو ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ وﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﺎﺿﺮ‪.‬‬

‫*اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻒ‪ **:‬ﻟﻮ ﺷﻔﺖ ﺟﻤﻠﺔ ﻣﻘﺴﻮﻣﺔ ﻧﺼﻔﯿﻦ‪ ،‬واﻟﺠﺰء اﻷول ﯾﺼﻒ ﻋﺎدة أو ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ‪ ،‬واﻟﺠﺰء‬
‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﯾﺒﺪأ ﺑـ‪but now`.‬‬

‫*اﻹﺟﺮاء**‪:‬‬

‫‪ 1.‬اﻟﺠﺰء اﻷول )اﻟﺬي ﯾﺼﻒ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ( ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎً ﻣﺎ ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﺻﯿﻐﺔ‪ +`used to‬اﻟﻤﺼﺪر` )اﻋﺘﺎد أن(‪.‬‬

‫‪) 2.‬اﻟﺠﺰء اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ( اﻟﺬي ﯾﺒﺪأ ﺑـ `‪ `but now‬ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم زﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻂ ﻟﯿﻌﺒﺮ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻮﺿﻊ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﻲ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻛﺲ‪.‬‬

‫**‪:‬اﻟﺘﺮﯾﻜﺔ اﻷھﻢ ﻟﻼﻣﺘﺤﺎن**‬

‫*إذا ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺟﻤﻠﺔ `‪ `used to‬ﻣﺜﺒﺘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺠﻤﻠﺔ `‪ `but now‬ﺗﻜﻮن ﻣﻨﻔﯿﺔ ﺑـ `‪ `don't`/`doesn't‬أو‬
‫‪`am/is/are not.‬‬

‫*إذا ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺟﻤﻠﺔ `‪ `used to‬ﻣﻨﻔﯿﺔ)`‪ ، (`didn't use to‬ﻓﺠﻤﻠﺔ `‪ `but now‬ﺗﻜﻮن ﻣﺜﺒﺘﺔ‪.‬‬

‫`‪`He _______ smoke heavily, but now he is very health-conscious.‬‬

‫‪(a) is used to‬‬

‫‪(b) was used to‬‬

‫‪(c) used to‬‬

‫‪(d) uses to‬‬

 ‫‪My sister used to hate cooking, but now she _______.‬‬

‫‪(a) is‬‬

‫‪(b) isn't‬‬

‫‪(c) does‬‬

‫‪(d) doesn't‬‬

‫اﻟﺴﺒﺐ‪ **:‬اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ ﻣﺜﺒﺘﺔ ‪ (`used to hate`).‬ﻋﺒﺎرة `‪ `but now‬ﺗﻔﯿﺪ اﻟﺘﻨﺎﻗﺾ‪ ،‬إذن اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ اﻵن‬
‫ھﻮ "وﻟﻜﻨﮭﺎ اﻵن ﺗﺤﺐ اﻟﻄﺒﺦ ‪" (`but now she loves it`).‬ﻓﻲ اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺎت اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺼﺮة‪ ،‬ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻟﺰﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻂ‪ .‬ﺑﻤﺎ أن اﻟﻔﻌﻞ اﻷﺻﻠﻲ ھﻮ`‪ `hate‬ﻓﻌﻞ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ وﻟﯿﺲ ﻓﻌﻞ`‪، `be‬‬
‫ﻓﺈﻧﻨﺎ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم `‪ `do‬أو `‪ `does‬ﻟﻺﺷﺎرة إﻟﯿﮫ‪ .‬وﺑﻤﺎ أن اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ`‪ ، `she‬ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم‪`does`.‬‬

‫‪I used to be very shy, but now I _______.‬‬

‫‪(a) do‬‬

‫‪(b) don't‬‬

‫‪(c) am not‬‬

‫‪(d) am‬‬

‫اﻟﺴﺒﺐ‪ **:‬ھﻨﺎ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ اﻷﺻﻠﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﺰء اﻷول ھﻮ ‪ `be` (`used to **be** shy`).‬ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻧﻌﺒﺮ‬
‫ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻛﺲ‪ ،‬ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم أﯾﻀﺎً ‪ `verb to be`.‬ﺑﻤﺎ أن اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ ﻣﺜﺒﺘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻣﻨﻔﯿﺔ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻀﻤﯿﺮ `‪ `I‬ﯾﺄﺧﺬ`‪ ، `am‬واﻟﻨﻔﻲ ﯾﺼﺒﺢ‪`am not`.‬‬

‫ﺧﻼﺻﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷزﻣﻨﺔ )ﻣﻔﺎﺗﯿﺢ اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺔ(‬

‫اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻂ**)‪(Present Simple‬‬

‫*ﻟﻮ ﺷﻔﺖ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت دي‬

‫‪`always`, `usually`, `often`, `sometimes`, `every (day/week/...)`, `never`,‬‬

‫‪`rarely`, `seldom`, `on Fridays`, `generally`.‬‬
 .(‫ أﻓﻼم‬،‫ ﺣﺼﺺ‬،‫ ﺣﻘﯿﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻤﯿﺔ ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ أو ﺟﺪول زﻣﻨﻲ )ﻣﻮاﻋﯿﺪ ﻗﻄﺎرات‬:‫*أو ﻟﻮ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﺗﻌﺒﺮ ﻋﻦ‬

s/es/ies+‫ اﻟﻤﺼﺪر أو اﻟﻤﺼﺪر‬:‫*اﺧﺘﺎر اﻟﺰﻣﻦ ده‬

`The earth goes around the sun.`

(Present Continuous)**‫اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬

‫ﻟﻮ ﺷﻔﺖ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت دي‬

`now`, `at the moment`, `at present`, `Look!`, `Listen!`, `Be careful!`, `still`.

.‫ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﻲ ﺗﻢ اﻹﻋﺪاد ﻟﮫ‬:‫*أو ﻟﻮ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﺗﻌﺒﺮ ﻋﻦ‬

`am/is/are + v-ing .‫اﺧﺘﺎر اﻟﺰﻣﻦ ده‬

`Listen! Someone is crying.`

(Past Simple)**‫اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻂ‬

:‫ﻟﻮ ﺷﻔﺖ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت دي‬

`yesterday`, `last (week/month/year)`, `ago`, `in + (‫`)ﻋﺎم ﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬, `in the past`, `the
other day`, `once upon a time`.

(v2).‫ اﻟﺘﺼﺮﯾﻒ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﻔﻌﻞ‬:‫اﺧﺘﺎر اﻟﺰﻣﻦ ده‬

`They built this bridge two years ago.`

(Past Continuous)**‫اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬

:** `while`, `as`, `just as`,‫ﻟﻮ ﺷﻔﺖ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت دي‬

`at 7 PM yesterday`, `all day yesterday`.‫أو ﺗﻌﺒﯿﺮ زﻣﻨﻲ ﻣﺜﻞ‬

`was/were + v-ing .‫اﺧﺘﺎر اﻟﺰﻣﻦ ده‬

`While he was driving, he saw an accident.`

(Present Perfect)**‫اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع اﻟﺘﺎم‬

 ‫ﻟﻮ ﺷﻔﺖ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت‬

: `just`, `already`, `yet`, `ever`, `never`, `since`, `for`, `so far`, `up till now`,
`recently`, `lately`.

**`have/has + P.P.`**.‫*اﺧﺘﺎر اﻟﺰﻣﻦ ده‬

She has already finished her tasks.

(Past Perfect)**‫اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﺘﺎم‬

‫ﻟﻮ ﺷﻔﺖ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت دي‬

`after`, `as soon as`, `when` (‫)ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﺪل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﺮﺗﯿﺐ‬, `before`, `by the time`, `no
sooner...than`, `hardly...when`.

.‫ وھﺬا اﻟﺰﻣﻦ ﯾﻌﺒﺮ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺤﺪث اﻷﻗﺪم‬،‫*أو ﻟﻮ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻓﯿﮭﺎ ﺣﺪﺛﺎن ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ‬

**`had + P.P.`**.‫*اﺧﺘﺎر اﻟﺰﻣﻦ ده‬

`After he had done his homework, he slept.`

`will` (Future Simple)**‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻂ ﺑـ‬

:‫ﻟﻮ ﺷﻔﺖ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت دي‬

** `tomorrow`, `next (...)`, `soon`, `in the future`.

**:‫أو ﻟﻮ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﺗﻌﺒﺮ ﻋﻦ‬

`think`, `expect`, `predict`.‫ أو ﺗﻨﺒﺆ ﺑﺪون دﻟﯿﻞ ﻣﻊ‬،‫ طﻠﺐ‬،‫ ﻋﺮض‬،‫ ﺗﮭﺪﯾﺪ‬،‫ وﻋﺪ‬،‫ﻗﺮار ﺳﺮﯾﻊ‬

will+ inf.‫اﺧﺘﺎر اﻟﺰﻣﻦ ده‬

`I think he will succeed in his new project.`

`going to`**‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﺑـ‬

:‫*ﻟﻮ ﺷﻔﺖ‬
 ‫دﻟﯿﻞ واﺿﺢ ﻋﻠﻰ وﺷﻚ اﻟﺤﺪوث ﻣﺜﻞ‬

‫`‪ `dark clouds‬أو ﺗﻌﺒﯿﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻧﯿﺔ أو ﺧﻄﺔ ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ‪(`I've decided`, `my intention is...`).‬‬

‫*اﺧﺘﺎر اﻟﺰﻣﻦ ده ‪am/is/are + going to +inf‬‬

‫`‪`Look at the sky! It is going to rain.‬‬

‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ**)‪(Future Continuous‬‬

‫ﻟﻮ ﺷﻔﺖ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت دي‬

‫‪)`.‬وﻗﺖ( ‪) and‬وﻗﺖ( ‪) tomorrow`, `this time next (week/...)`, `between‬وﻗﺖ( ‪`at‬‬

‫اﺧﺘﺎر اﻟﺰﻣﻦ ده‪`will + be + v-ing`.‬‬

‫`‪`This time next Friday, we will be relaxing on the beach.‬‬

‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ اﻟﺘﺎم**)‪(Future Perfect‬‬

‫ﻟﻮ ﺷﻔﺖ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت دي‬

‫‪)`, `by the time`, `in a year's time`.‬وﻗﺖ‪/‬ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﻲ( ‪`by +‬‬

‫*اﺧﺘﺎر اﻟﺰﻣﻦ ده‪**`will + have + P.P.`**.‬‬

‫`‪`By 2030, the government will have built the new capital.‬‬

‫**ﻧﺼﯿﺤﺔ أﺧﯿﺮة‪ **:‬ﺗﺬﻛﺮ داﺋﻤﺎً أن ﻓﮭﻢ ﺳﯿﺎق اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ھﻮ اﻷھﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﮭﺬه اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت ھﻲ ﻋﻼﻣﺎت ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪة ﻗﻮﯾﺔ‪،‬‬
‫وﻟﻜﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ اﻟﻌﺎم ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻠﺔ ھﻮ اﻟﺬي ﯾﺆﻛﺪ اﺧﺘﯿﺎرك‪.‬‬

‫اﻟﺘﻌﺒﯿﺮ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻐﺮض**)‪(Expressing Purpose‬‬

‫اﻟﺘﻌﺒﯿﺮ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻐﺮض ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻤﺼﺪر‬

‫*اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻒ‪ **:‬ﻟﻮ ﺗﺮﯾﺪ اﻟﺘﻌﺒﯿﺮ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻐﺮض أو اﻟﺴﺒﺐ )"ﻟﻜﻲ" ‪" /‬ﻣﻦ أﺟﻞ"(‪ ،‬واﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺘﯿﻦ ﻟﻨﻔﺲ‬
‫اﻟﺸﺨﺺ‪ ،‬واﻟﻔﺮاغ ﺟﺎء ﺑﻌﺪه **ﻣﺼﺪر اﻟﻔﻌﻞ‪(infinitive)**.‬‬

‫*اﻹﺟﺮاء‪ **:‬اﺳﺘﺨﺪم ‪ `to`, `in order to`,‬أو‪`so as to`.‬‬

‫ﻣﻠﺤﻮظﺔ‪ **:‬ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻨﻔﻲ )"ﻟﻜﻲ ﻻ"(‪ ،‬ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم `‪ `in order not to‬أو‪`so as not to`.‬‬

‫‪He is studying hard _______ get the highest marks.‬‬

‫‪(a) so that‬‬

‫‪(b) for‬‬

‫‪(c) in order that‬‬

‫‪(d) to‬‬

‫‪She walked quietly _______ wake the sleeping baby.‬‬

‫‪(a) so as to‬‬

‫‪(b) to not‬‬

‫‪(c) so as not to‬‬

‫‪(d) so that she can't‬‬

‫اﻟﺘﻌﺒﯿﺮ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻐﺮض ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺟﻤﻠﺔ ﻛﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬

‫*اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻒ‪ **:‬ﻟﻮ ﺗﺮﯾﺪ اﻟﺘﻌﺒﯿﺮ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻐﺮض‪ ،‬واﻟﻔﺮاغ ﺟﺎء ﺑﻌﺪه ﻓﺎﻋﻞ ﺟﺪﯾﺪ وﺟﻤﻠﺔ ﻛﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬

‫*اﻹﺟﺮاء‪ **:‬اﺳﺘﺨﺪم `‪ `so that‬أو‪`in order that`.‬‬

‫ﺗﺮﯾﻜﺔ ﺗﺘﺎﺑﻊ اﻷزﻣﻨﺔ‬

‫‪).‬ﻣﺼﺪر ‪ + `can/will/may` +‬ﻓﺎﻋﻞ( `‪) `... so that ...‬ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﻀﺎرع( *‬

‫‪).‬ﻣﺼﺪر ‪ + `could/would/might` +‬ﻓﺎﻋﻞ( `‪) `... so that ...‬ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﺎﺿﻲ( *‬

 He helps his father at the shop _______ he can learn the trade.

(a) to

(b) in order to

(c) so that

(d) for

The government built new hospitals _______ people could get better healthcare.

(a) so as to

(b) to

(c) for

(d) so that

‫` ﺛﻢ‬that` ‫` وﯾﺄﺗﻲ ﺑﻌﺪھﺎ‬suggest`, `recommend`, `insist`, `demand` ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم أﻓﻌﺎﻻً ﻣﺜﻞ‬
.‫ وﻛﻼھﻤﺎ ﺑﻨﻔﺲ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬،‫ ﯾﻮﺟﺪ ﺷﻜﻼن ﺻﺤﯿﺤﺎن ﺗﻤﺎﻣﺎً ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬،‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ ﺟﺪﯾﺪ‬

‫ اﻟﻤﺼﺪر ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة‬:‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ اﻷول‬

(Bare Infinitive) - (‫ ﺻﯿﻐﺔ اﻻﻓﺘﺮاض‬- Subjunctive)**

‫اﻟﺘﺮﻛﯿﺐ‬: `Subject + suggest that + new subject + **infinitive**`

`The doctor suggested that he rest for a week.`

‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬

`should` + ‫اﻟﻤﺼﺪر‬

‫اﻟﺘﺮﻛﯿﺐ‬: `Subject + suggest that + new subject + **should + infinitive**`

`The doctor suggested that he should rest for a week.`

‫ ﺑﻞ ﺳﺘﺠﺪ واﺣﺪاً ﻣﻨﮭﻤﺎ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻛﺈﺟﺎﺑﺔ‬،‫ ﻟﻦ ﯾﺄﺗﯿﺎ ﻣﻌﺎً ﻓﻲ اﻻﺧﺘﯿﺎرات‬،‫ ﻓﻲ اﻻﻣﺘﺤﺎن‬.ً‫اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺘﺎن ﺻﺤﯿﺤﺘﺎن ﺗﻤﺎﻣﺎ‬
.‫ﺻﺤﯿﺤﺔ‬

`My English teacher recommended that I _______ more classic novels.`

(a) reading

(b) read

(c) have read

(d) to read

`The manager insisted that all employees _______ the safety training course.`

(a) attending

(b) attends

(c) should attend

(d) to attend

‫( ﻣﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﻔﺎﺋﻘﯿﻦ‬Omitting the Relative Pronoun)‫ﺣﺬف ﺿﻤﯿﺮ اﻟﻮﺻﻞ‬

‫( ﻓﻘﻂ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﯾﻜﻮن ﻣﻔﻌﻮﻻً ﺑﮫ ﻓﻲ ﺟﻤﻠﺔ‬who, which, that) ‫ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ ﺣﺬف ﺿﻤﯿﺮ اﻟﻮﺻﻞ‬:‫اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة‬
.ً‫ وﻟﯿﺲ ﻓﺎﻋﻼ‬،‫اﻟﻮﺻﻞ‬

I, he, the team‫ ﻟﻮ ﺷﻔﺖ ﺿﻤﯿﺮ اﻟﻮﺻﻞ وﺑﻌﺪه ﻓﺎﻋﻞ اﺳﻢ أو ﺿﻤﯿﺮ ﻣﺜﻞ‬:(‫ )ﯾﻤﻜﻦ اﻟﺤﺬف‬1 ‫اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻒ‬

.(‫ اﻋﺮف أﻧﮫ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ ﺣﺬﻓﮫ )أو إﺑﻘﺎؤه‬:‫اﻹﺟﺮاء‬

The book which I am reading is interesting. = The book I am reading is

interesting.

The man _______ my father sold his car to is a wealthy businessman.

(a) whom (b) that (c) (no pronoun) (d) All are possible
 .‫ ﻟﻮ ﺷﻔﺖ ﺿﻤﯿﺮ اﻟﻮﺻﻞ وﺑﻌﺪه ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة‬:(‫ )ﯾُﻤﻨﻊ اﻟﺤﺬف‬2 ‫اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻒ‬

.‫ ﻷﻧﮫ ھﻮ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ ھﺬا اﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬،ً‫ ﻻ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ ﺣﺬﻓﮫ أﺑﺪا‬:‫اﻹﺟﺮاء‬

The girl who won the prize is my cousin. ‫ﻻ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻧﻘﻮل‬: The girl won the prize is
my cousin.

Which of the following sentences is grammatically INCORRECT?

(a) The dress which she bought was expensive.

(b) The dress she bought was expensive.

(c) The dress which was made in France was expensive.

(d) The dress was made in France was expensive.

was made.‫( اﻟﺬي ﯾﻌﻤﻞ ﻛﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻟﻠﻔﻌﻞ‬which) ‫ﻷﻧﮫ ﺗﻢ ﺣﺬف ﺿﻤﯿﺮ اﻟﻮﺻﻞ‬

.‫ ﻟﻮ ﺿﻤﯿﺮ اﻟﻮﺻﻞ ﺟﺎء ﺑﻌﺪ ﺣﺮف ﺟﺮ‬:(‫ )ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‬3 ‫اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻒ‬

.ً‫ أﺑﺪا‬that ‫ﻟﻐﯿﺮ اﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ وﻻ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬which ‫ ﻟﻠﻌﺎﻗﻞ و‬whom ‫ وﯾﺠﺐ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬،‫ ﻻ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ ﺣﺬﻓﮫ‬:‫اﻹﺟﺮاء‬

The chair on _______ I am sitting is not comfortable.

(a) that (b) which (c) it (d) (no pronoun)

.‫ ﻟﻐﯿﺮ اﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ‬which ‫ وﯾﺠﺐ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬،‫ أو ﺣﺬف اﻟﻀﻤﯿﺮ‬that ‫ ﻻ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬، on‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺣﺮف اﻟﺠﺮ‬

(Reported Speech)‫اﻟﻜﻼم اﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮ وﻏﯿﺮ اﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮ‬

(Statement)‫اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﺨﺒﺮﯾﺔ‬1.

،‫ ارﺟﻊ ﺑﺎﻟﺰﻣﻦ ﺧﻄﻮة ﻟﻠﻮراء‬،(‫)وﯾﻤﻜﻦ ﺣﺬﻓﮭﺎ‬that ‫ ارﺑﻂ ﺑـ‬، (say to ← tell)‫ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻓﻌﻞ اﻟﻘﻮل‬:‫اﻹﺟﺮاء‬
.‫وﻏﯿﺮ اﻟﻀﻤﺎﺋﺮ وظﺮوف اﻟﺰﻣﺎن واﻟﻤﻜﺎن‬

She said, "I am visiting my aunt now." She said that she _______ her aunt
_______.

(a) is visiting, now (b) was visiting, now (c) was visiting, then (d) is visiting,
then
 (Question)‫اﻟﺴﺆال‬2.

" (Yes/No Question):‫أ( ﺳﺆال "ﻧﻌﻢ أو ﻻ‬

‫ ﺣﻮل اﻟﺴﺆال إﻟﻰ ﺟﻤﻠﺔ ﺧﺒﺮﯾﺔ )ﻓﺎﻋﻞ ﺛﻢ‬، whether‫ أو‬if ‫ ارﺑﻂ ﺑـ‬، asked‫ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻓﻌﻞ اﻟﻘﻮل إﻟﻰ‬:‫اﻹﺟﺮاء‬
.‫ ارﺟﻊ ﺑﺎﻟﺰﻣﻦ ﺧﻄﻮة ﻟﻠﻮراء‬،(‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬

He asked me, "Do you speak French?" He asked me _______ I _______

French.

(a) if do I speak (b) whether I speak (c) do I speak (d) if I spoke

(Wh- Question):‫ب( ﺳﺆال ﺑﻜﻠﻤﺔ اﺳﺘﻔﮭﺎم‬

(what, where, when...).‫ وﻟﻜﻦ ﻧﺮﺑﻂ ﺑﻨﻔﺲ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ اﻻﺳﺘﻔﮭﺎم‬،‫ﻻ‬/‫ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺧﻄﻮات ﺳﺆال ﻧﻌﻢ‬:‫اﻹﺟﺮاء‬

The teacher asked the student, "Why were you absent yesterday?" The teacher
asked the student why he _______ absent _______.

(a) was, yesterday (b) had been, yesterday (c) had been, the day before (d) was,
the day before

(Command & Request)‫اﻷﻣﺮ واﻟﻄﻠﺐ‬3.

(told, ordered, advised, warned, asked).‫ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻓﻌﻞ اﻟﻘﻮل إﻟﻰ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬:‫اﻹﺟﺮاء‬

.‫ اﻟﻤﺼﺪر‬to + ‫ ارﺑﻂ ﺑـ‬:‫ﻟﻸﻣﺮ اﻟﻤﺜﺒﺖ‬

.‫ اﻟﻤﺼﺪر‬not to + ‫ ارﺑﻂ ﺑـ‬:(‫ﻟﻠﻨﮭﻲ )اﻷﻣﺮ اﻟﻤﻨﻔﻲ‬

(‫)ﻻ ﯾﻮﺟﺪ أي ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﻓﻲ زﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬

The doctor said to the patient, "Take this medicine twice a day." The doctor
advised the patient _______ that medicine twice a day.

(a) taking (b) that he take (c) to take (d) not to take

My mother said to me, "Don't touch the hot oven." My mother warned me
_______ the hot oven.

(a) to not touch (b) that I not touch (c) not to touch (d) to touch
 ‫)‪(The Ultimate Guide to Passive Voice Traps‬‬

‫اﻟﻔﺦ اﻷول )اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ(‪ :‬ﻣﺘﻰ ﺗﺨﺘﺎر ﺻﯿﻐﺔ اﻟﻤﺠﮭﻮل أﺻﻼً؟‬

‫اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻒ‪ :‬ﻟﻮ ﻗﺮأت ﺟﻤﻠﺔ ووﺟﺪت أن اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ )أول ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ( ھﻮ ﻣﻦ ﯾﻘﻊ ﻋﻠﯿﮫ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ وﻟﯿﺲ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﯾﻘﻮم ﺑﮫ‪.‬‬

‫اﻹﺟﺮاء‪ :‬ﯾﺠﺐ أن ﺗﺨﺘﺎر ﺻﯿﻐﺔ اﻟﻤﺠﮭﻮل ﻓﻮراً )‪ (Verb to be + P.P.‬ﻓﻲ اﻟﺰﻣﻦ اﻟﺼﺤﯿﺢ‪.‬‬

‫‪A lot of new houses _______ in our city every year.‬‬

‫‪(a) build (b) are building (c) are built (d) have built‬‬

‫اﻟﻔﺦ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﮭﻮل ﻣﻊ اﻷﻓﻌﺎل اﻟﻨﺎﻗﺼﺔ)‪(Modals‬‬

‫اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻒ‪ :‬ﻟﻮ ﺷﻔﺖ ﻓﻌﻼً ﻧﺎﻗﺼﺎً )‪ (must, should, can, will, may, have to...‬وﺑﻌﺪه ﻓﺮاغ‪.‬‬

‫اﻹﺟﺮاء‪ :‬ﺻﯿﻐﺔ اﻟﻤﺠﮭﻮل ھﻲ‪Modal + be + P.P..‬‬

‫‪This problem is very serious. A solution _______ found immediately.‬‬

‫‪(a) must find (b) must be found (c) can find (d) should find‬‬

‫اﻟﻔﺦ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ )اﻷھﻢ(‪ :‬اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﮭﻮل ﻣﻊ أﻓﻌﺎل اﻟﻘﻮل واﻹدراك)‪(Reporting Verbs‬‬

‫ھﺬا ﯾﺄﺗﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺷﻜﻠﯿﻦ ﻓﻲ اﻻﻣﺘﺤﺎن‪:‬‬

‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ اﻷول‪ :‬ﺟﻤﻠﺔ ﺗﺒﺪأ ﺑـ‪It‬‬

‫اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻒ‪ :‬ﻟﻮ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﺑﺪأت ﺑـ ‪ It‬وﺑﻌﺪھﺎ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﻦ أﻓﻌﺎل اﻟﻘﻮل أو اﻹدراك ‪(say, know, believe,‬‬
‫‪think...).‬‬

‫‪ :‬اﺳﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﺘﺮﻛﯿﺐ‬

‫‪.‬ﺟﻤﻠﺔ ﻛﺎﻣﻠﺔ ‪It + is/was + P.P. + that +‬‬

‫‪_______ that regular exercise is good for your health.‬‬

‫‪(a) It knows (b) It is knowing (c) It is known (d) It has known‬‬

‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬ﺟﻤﻠﺔ ﺗﺒﺪأ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬

 ‫اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻒ‪ :‬ﻟﻮ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﺑﺪأت ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ اﻟﺬي ﻧﺘﺤﺪث ﻋﻨﮫ‪.‬‬

‫اﻹﺟﺮاء‪ :‬اﺳﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﺘﺮﻛﯿﺐ‪:‬‬

‫‪.‬اﻟﻤﺼﺪر )إذا ﻛﺎن اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع( ‪Subject + is/are said/known... + to +‬‬

‫‪).‬إذا ﻛﺎن اﻟﻔﻌﻞ اﻷﺻﻠﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ( ‪Subject + is/are said/known... + to have + P.P.‬‬

‫‪The new company _______ to be very successful.‬‬

‫‪(a) says‬‬

‫‪(b) said‬‬

‫‪(c) is said‬‬

‫‪(d) has said‬‬

‫‪The thief is thought _______ the money last night.‬‬

‫‪(a) to steal‬‬

‫‪(b) to be stealing‬‬

‫‪(c) to have stolen‬‬

‫‪(d) stealing‬‬

‫اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺔ ‪: (c) to have stolen.‬ﻷن ﻓﻌﻞ اﻟﺴﺮﻗﺔ )‪ (last night‬ﺣﺪث ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﯿﻨﻤﺎ ﻓﻌﻞ اﻻﻋﺘﻘﺎد‬
‫)‪(is thought‬ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع‪ .‬ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﺻﯿﻐﺔ ‪ to have + P.P.‬ﻟﻺﺷﺎرة إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ‪.‬‬

‫اﻟﻔﺦ اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ‪ :‬اﻟﻤﺠﮭﻮل ﺑﻌﺪ اﻷﻓﻌﺎل اﻟﺘﻲ ﯾﺘﺒﻌﮭﺎ ‪ Gerund‬أو‪Infinitive‬‬

‫اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻒ‪ :‬ﻟﻮ ﺷﻔﺖ ﻓﻌﻼً ﻣﺜﻞ ‪ like, hate, enjoy, avoid‬وﺑﻌﺪه ﻓﺮاغ‪ ،‬واﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﻣﺒﻨﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﮭﻮل‪.‬‬

‫اﻹﺟﺮاء‪ :‬اﺳﺘﺨﺪم ﺻﯿﻐﺔ‪being + P.P..‬‬

 ‫‪Most people don't like _______ what to do.‬‬

‫‪(a) telling (b) to be told (c) being told (d) to tell‬‬

‫اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺔ ‪: (c) being told.‬ﻷن اﻟﻨﺎس ﻻ ﺗﺤﺐ أن "ﯾُﻘﺎل ﻟﮭﺎ" ﻣﺎذا ﺗﻔﻌﻞ‪ .‬ﺑﻌﺪ ‪ like‬ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم‪، Gerund‬‬
‫وﺻﯿﻐﺔ اﻟﻤﺠﮭﻮل ﻣﻨﮫ ھﻲ‪being + P.P..‬‬

‫اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻒ‪ :‬ﻟﻮ ﺷﻔﺖ ﻓﻌﻼً ﻣﺜﻞ ‪ want, need, decide, hope‬وﺑﻌﺪه ﻓﺮاغ‪ ،‬واﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﻣﺒﻨﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﮭﻮل‪.‬‬

‫اﻹﺟﺮاء‪ :‬اﺳﺘﺨﺪم ﺻﯿﻐﺔ‪to be + P.P..‬‬

‫‪The employee of the month wants _______ by the manager.‬‬

‫‪(a) to praise (b) praising (c) being praised (d) to be praised‬‬

‫اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺔ ‪: (d) to be praised.‬ﻷن اﻟﻤﻮظﻒ ﯾﺮﯾﺪ أن "ﯾُﻤﺪَح" ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺪﯾﺮ‪ .‬ﺑﻌﺪ ‪ want‬ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬

‫‪ ،Infinitive‬وﺻﯿﻐﺔ اﻟﻤﺠﮭﻮل ﻣﻨﮫ ھﻲ‪to be + P.P..‬‬

‫ﺑﺪاﺋﻞ ‪ If‬اﻟﻤﺘﻘﺪﻣﺔ )ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﯿﺮ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺸﺮط(‬

‫اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻒ‪ :‬ﻟﻮ ﺗﺮﯾﺪ اﻟﺘﻌﺒﯿﺮ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺸﺮط ﺑﻤﻌﻨﻰ "ﺑﺸﺮط أن‪".‬‬

‫اﻹﺟﺮاء‪ :‬ﯾﻤﻜﻨﻚ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ‪ Provided that, Providing that, As long as.‬ھﺬه اﻟﺮواﺑﻂ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﺎً‬
‫ﻣﺜﻞ ‪ If‬ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ واﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪You can borrow my book _______ you promise to return it soon.‬‬

‫‪(a) Unless (b) As long as (c) Without (d) In case of‬‬

‫اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺔ واﻟﺸﺮح ‪: (b) As long as.‬ﻣﻌﻨﺎھﺎ "ﯾﻤﻜﻨﻚ اﺳﺘﻌﺎرة ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﺸﺮط أن ﺗﻌﺪ ﺑﺈﻋﺎدﺗﮫ ﻗﺮﯾﺒﺎً‪".‬‬

‫اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻒ‪ :‬ﻟﻮ ﺗﺮﯾﺪ اﻟﺘﻌﺒﯿﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻮﻗﻒ ﺗﺨﯿﻠﻲ أو اﻓﺘﺮاﺿﻲ‪.‬‬

‫اﻹﺟﺮاء‪ :‬ﯾﻤﻜﻨﻚ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام )‪ Supposing (that‬أو ‪ Imagine (that).‬ھﺬه اﻟﺮواﺑﻂ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﺎً ﻣﺜﻞ ‪If‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ واﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‪.‬‬
 _______ you had a time machine, which era would you visit?

(a) Unless (b) Provided that (c) Supposing (d) As long as

، (would you visit)‫ﻷن اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﺗﻌﺒﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻮﻗﻒ ﺗﺨﯿﻠﻲ‬: (c) Supposing. ‫اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺔ واﻟﺸﺮح‬
.‫ﺗُﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﮭﺬا اﻟﻐﺮض‬Supposing ‫و‬

‫ﻣﺘﻨﻮع‬

He said, "My brother is travelling to Aswan next week."

He said that his brother _______ to Aswan _______.

(a) is travelling, next week

(b) was travelling, next week

(c) was travelling, the following week

(d) is travelling, the following week

She said, "I have already finished my assignment."

She said that she _______ her assignment.

(a) has already finished

(b) already finishes

(c) had already finished

(d) already finished

My friend asked, "Can you help me with this exercise?"

My friend asked if I _______ him with that exercise.

(a) can help

(b) could help

(c) can I help

(d) could I help

The policeman asked the driver, "Where did you park your car?"

The policeman asked the driver where he _______ his car.

(a) parked

(b) did he park

(c) had parked

(d) has parked

My father said to me, "Don't waste your money on silly things."

My father advised me _______ my money on silly things.

(a) to not waste

(b) don't waste

(c) not to waste

(d) that I don't waste

She said to her friend, "Can you please lend me your book?"

She asked her friend _______ her book.

(a) if she could lend

(b) could she lend

(c) to lend

(d) that she lend

 ."‫ إﻻ أﻧﮭﺎ ﺗﻌﺒﺮ ﻋﻦ "طﻠﺐ‬،‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ أن اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮة ﻓﻲ ﺻﯿﻐﺔ ﺳﺆال‬: (c). ‫اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺔ واﻟﺸﺮح‬
asked someone to do something.‫ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﺻﯿﻐﺔ اﻟﻄﻠﺐ وھﻲ‬،‫ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﺤﻮﯾﻠﮭﺎ‬،‫ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬

Having _______ carefully, the report was ready to be submitted.

(a) revised

(b) revising

(c) been revised

(d) been revising

been + P.P..‫ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬،‫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﮭﻮل‬Having ‫ ﺑﻌﺪ‬.(‫اﻟﺘﻘﺮﯾﺮ ﻟﻢ ﯾﺮاﺟﻊ ﻧﻔﺴﮫ )ﻣﺒﻨﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﮭﻮل‬

It's high time you _______ your responsibilities more seriously.

(a) take

(b) will take

(c) took

(d) have taken

.‫ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻂ‬،‫ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬+ It's high time ‫ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺘﻌﺒﯿﺮ‬

Only after she _______ the truth did she understand the situation.

(a) knew

(b) knows

(c) has known

(d) had known

‫ إذن اﻟﺤﺪث اﻟﺬي ﻗﺒﻠﮭﺎ )ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺘﮭﺎ ﻟﻠﺤﻘﯿﻘﺔ( ﯾﺠﺐ‬،‫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻂ‬did she understand ‫ﺻﯿﻐﺔ اﻟﻘﻠﺐ‬
.‫أن ﯾﻜﻮن ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﺘﺎم‬
He was made _______ for hours before he could see the director.

(a) wait

(b) waiting

(c) to wait

(d) waits

.‫ اﻟﻤﺼﺪر‬to + ‫( ﯾﺘﺒﻌﮫ‬was made) ‫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﮭﻮل‬make ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬

I wish I _______ a doctor; I could have helped the injured man.

(a) am

(b) were

(c) had been

(d) have been

.I wish ‫( ﯾﺘﻄﻠﺐ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﺘﺎم ﺑﻌﺪ‬could have helped) ‫اﻟﻨﺪم ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻲء ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ‬

The man to _______ I spoke was the manager of the company.

(a) who

(b) whom

(c) which

(d) that

‫ ﻟﻺﺷﺎرة ﻟﻠﻌﺎﻗﻞ اﻟﻤﻔﻌﻮل ﺑﮫ‬whom ‫ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬، (to)‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺣﺮف اﻟﺠﺮ‬

I don't know _______ he wants from me.

(a) which
(b) that

(c) what

(d) who

.‫ وھﻲ ﻻ ﺗﺤﺘﺎج ﻻﺳﻢ ﻗﺒﻠﮭﺎ‬،"‫ ھﻨﺎ ﺑﻤﻌﻨﻰ "اﻟﺸﻲء اﻟﺬي‬what

My father got the electrician _______ the broken lamp.

(a) fix

(b) fixed

(c) fixing

(d) to fix

.get + person + to + infinitive ‫ ھﻲ‬get ‫ﻗﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺴﺒﺒﯿﺔ ﻣﻊ‬

He didn't use to exercise, but now he _______.

(a) is

(b) isn't

(c) does

(d) doesn't

.‫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﺰء اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﻟﻺﺷﺎرة إﻟﯿﮫ‬does ‫ ﻟﺬا ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬،(‫ )ﻓﻌﻞ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ‬exercise ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ اﻷﺻﻠﻲ ھﻮ‬

While _______, the thief was caught by the police.

(a) escaping

(b) he was escaping

(c) having escaped

(d) he escaped
he (the thief) ‫ ھﻨﺎ اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ اﻷول‬.ً‫ إﻻ إذا ﻛﺎن ﻓﺎﻋﻞ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺘﯿﻦ واﺣﺪا‬While ‫ﻻ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ ﺣﺬف اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﺑﻌﺪ‬
‫ ﯾﻌﻨﻲ أن‬...While escaping, the thief was caught ‫ وﻟﻜﻦ اﻟﺘﺮﻛﯿﺐ‬،the thief ‫واﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬
[ً‫ ]ھﺬا ﻓﺦ دﻗﯿﻖ ﺟﺪا‬.‫اﻟﺴﺎرق ھﻮ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﺾ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺴﮫ! ﻟﺬا ﯾﺠﺐ ذﻛﺮ اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬

By this time tomorrow, the results _______.

(a) will announce

(b) will be announcing

(c) will have been announced

(d) will have announced

(‫ واﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﻟﻦ ﺗﻌﻠﻦ ﻋﻦ ﻧﻔﺴﮭﺎ )ﻣﺒﻨﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﮭﻮل‬،(‫ﺑﺤﻠﻮل وﻗﺖ ﻣﻌﯿﻦ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ )ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﺗﺎم‬

I haven't decided yet, but I _______ travel to Luxor next month.

(a) must (b) might (c) can't (d) will

.‫ﻟﻼﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﯿﺔ‬might ‫ ﻟﺬا ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬،‫ﺗﺪل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺪم اﻟﺘﺄﻛﺪ‬I haven't decided yet

This is the first time I _______ such a delicious meal.

(a) eat

(b) ate

(c) have ever eaten

(d) had eaten

.‫ ﯾﺘﺒﻌﮫ ﻣﻀﺎرع ﺗﺎم‬It's the first time... ‫اﻟﺘﻌﺒﯿﺮ‬

It _______ that the ancient Egyptians were brilliant astronomers.

(a) believes

(b) is believing

(c) is believed

(d) has believed

 It is believed that....‫ ﺻﯿﻐﺔ‬،‫ﻓﺦ اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﮭﻮل ﻣﻊ أﻓﻌﺎل اﻹدراك‬

The police wanted to know where _______.

(a) did the thief hide

(b) the thief did hide

(c) the thief had hidden

(d) had the thief hidden

‫ وﻧﺮﺟﻊ ﺑﺎﻟﺰﻣﻦ ﺧﻄﻮة ﻟﻠﻮراء‬،(‫ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﺨﺒﺮﯾﺔ )ﻓﺎﻋﻞ ﺛﻢ ﻓﻌﻞ‬،‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﺴﺆال ﻏﯿﺮ اﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮ‬
.(‫)ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺑﺴﯿﻂ ← ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺗﺎم‬

Each member of the team _______ ready to do their best.

(a) are

(b) were

(c) is

(d) have

.ً‫داﺋﻤﺎً ﻣﻔﺮد وﺗﺄﺧﺬ ﻓﻌﻼً ﻣﻔﺮدا‬: Each

It's difficult to _______ with the loss of a loved one.

(a) get on

(b) cope with

(c) do with

(d) put up

.‫ ﯾﻌﻨﻲ "ﯾﺘﺄﻗﻠﻢ ﻣﻊ" أو "ﯾﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ" ﻣﻮﻗﻒ ﺻﻌﺐ‬Cope with

Hurry up! We have very _______ time before the show starts.
(a) a little

(b) little

(c) a few

(d) few

‫ ﻟﺘﻌﻨﻲ "وﻗﺖ ﻗﻠﯿﻞ وﻏﯿﺮ ﻛﺎف‬little ‫ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬،(‫ )ﻻ ﯾﻌﺪ‬time ‫ ﻣﻊ‬.("!‫اﻟﺴﯿﺎق ﺳﻠﺒﻲ )"اﺳﺮع‬

_______, the firefighters arrived just in time.

(a) Unfortunately

(b) Sadly

(c) Fortunately

(d) Unusually

‫ ﻟﺤﺴﻦ اﻟﺤﻆ‬Fortunately (‫ ﻟﺬا ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬،‫وﺻﻮﻟﮭﻢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺐ ھﻮ ﺷﻲء إﯾﺠﺎﺑﻲ‬

Don't believe everything you read in a _______ newspaper.

(a) broadsheet

(b) tabloid

(c) journal

(d) publication

.‫ھﻲ اﻟﺼﺤﯿﻔﺔ اﻟﺸﻌﺒﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻗﺪ ﺗﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ أﺧﺒﺎر ﻏﯿﺮ دﻗﯿﻘﺔ‬: Tabloid

Which transition word shows contrast?

(a) Therefore
(b) In addition

(c) For example

(d) However

The first sentence of a body paragraph is called the _______.

(a) hook

(b) thesis statement

(c) topic sentence

(d) concluding sentence

It was a _______.

(a) three-hour journey

(b) three-hours journey

(c) three hour's journey

(d) three hours' journey

He succeeded _______ passing his final exams.

(a) on

(b) at

(c) with

(d) in

‫ﻟﻮ ﺷﻔﺖ اﻟﺘﻌﺒﯿﺮ‬

A number of... (‫ﻋﺪد ﻣﻦ‬...)

 (are, were, have).ً‫ اﻋﺘﺒﺮه ﺟﻤﻌﺎً واﺳﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻌﻼً ﺟﻤﻌﺎ‬:‫اﻹﺟﺮاء‬

A number of students _______ absent today due to the bad weather.

(a) are (b) is (c) was (d) has

‫ﻟﻮ ﺷﻔﺖ اﻟﺘﻌﺒﯿﺮ‬

.‫ ﻋﺪد اﻟـ‬The number of..

(is, was, has).ً‫ اﻋﺘﺒﺮه ﻣﻔﺮداً واﺳﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻌﻼً ﻣﻔﺮدا‬:‫اﻹﺟﺮاء‬

The number of students in our school _______ increased this year.

(a) are (b) have (c) has (d) were

.‫ وھﻲ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﻣﻔﺮدة‬،‫ )اﻟﻌﺪد( ﻧﻔﺴﮭﺎ‬The number ‫ﻷن اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ھﻨﺎ ھﻮ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ‬: (c) has.

Half of, A third of, 20% of).‫ ﻟﻮ ﺷﻔﺖ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ ﻛﺴﺮ أو ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﻣﺌﻮﯾﺔ( ﻣﺜﻞ‬:‫اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻒ‬

.‫ ﻓﺎﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺟﻤﻊ‬،‫ ﻟﻮ اﻻﺳﻢ ﺟﻤﻊ‬.‫ ﻓﺎﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻣﻔﺮد‬،‫ ﻟﻮ اﻻﺳﻢ ﻻ ﯾﻌﺪ‬of. ‫ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﯾﺘﺒﻊ اﻻﺳﻢ اﻟﺬي ﯾﺄﺗﻲ ﺑﻌﺪ‬:‫اﻹﺟﺮاء‬

Half of the information in this report _______ inaccurate.

(a) are (b) were (c) have (d) is

.ً‫ ﻓﺎﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﯾﻜﻮن ﻣﻔﺮدا‬،‫ اﺳﻢ ﻻ ﯾﻌﺪ‬information ‫ﻷن‬: (d) is.

Half of the students _______ ready for the exam.

(a) are (b) is (c) was (d) has

 .ً‫ ﻓﺎﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﯾﻜﻮن ﺟﻤﻌﺎ‬،‫ اﺳﻢ ﺟﻤﻊ‬students ‫ﻷن‬: (a) are.

.‫ ﻟﻮ ﺗﺮﯾﺪ أن ﺗﻘﻮل "وأﻧﺎ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ" أو "وھﻮ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ" ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﯿﺮ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﻮاﻓﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻤﻠﺔ ﻣﺜﺒﺘﺔ‬:‫اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻒ‬

‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﺘﺮﻛﯿﺐ‬

So + ‫ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬+ ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬

She is a clever student, and _______ is her brother.

(a) so (b) neither (c) too (d) either

so + is + her brother.‫اﻟﺘﺮﻛﯿﺐ ھﻮ‬: (a) so.

.‫ ﻟﻮ ﺗﺮﯾﺪ أن ﺗﻘﻮل "وأﻧﺎ أﯾﻀﺎً ﻻ" أو "وھﻮ أﯾﻀﺎً ﻻ" ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﯿﺮ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﻮاﻓﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻤﻠﺔ ﻣﻨﻔﯿﺔ‬:‫اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻒ‬

‫ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬+ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬neither / nor

My father doesn't like watching TV, and _______ does my mother.

(a) so (b) either (c) neither (d) too

.‫ ﻟﻠﻤﻮاﻓﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻨﻔﻲ‬neither ‫ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬، (doesn't like)‫ﻷن اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ ﻣﻨﻔﯿﺔ‬: (c) neither.

Happen‫اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬

Occur, Take place‫ﻣﺮادﻓﺎﺗﮭﺎ‬

Storms don't _______ frequently in this area. In this sentence, the missing word
can be replaced by "happen".

(a) occur (b) affect (c) result (d) cause

‫ﯾﺪﻋﻲ‬: Claim

‫ﻣﺮادﻓﺎﺗﮭﺎ‬: Allege, Assert

 It was _______ that the company had been avoiding taxes. The word "claimed"
can be used here.

(a) proved (b) denied (c) alleged (d) confirmed

Overcome (‫)ﯾﺘﻐﻠﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ‬:

‫ﻣﺮادﻓﺎﺗﮭﺎ‬: get over, surmount.

: challenges, obstacles, difficulties, fear.‫ﺗﺄﺗﻲ ﻣﻊ‬

With determination, she managed to _______ all the obstacles in her path.

(a) create (b) overcome (c) surrender to (d) increase

Determination (‫)اﻟﻌﺰﯾﻤﺔ واﻹﺻﺮار‬

‫ﻣﺮادﻓﺎﺗﮭﺎ‬: persistence, resolve.

‫ﺗﺄﺗﻲ ﻣﻊ‬: hard work, achieving goals.

Achieving great things requires not only talent but also immense _______.

(a) hesitation (b) determination (c) frustration (d) doubt

Resilience (‫ اﻟﻘﺪرة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻌﺎﻓﻲ‬/ ‫)اﻟﻤﺮوﻧﺔ‬:

‫ اﻟﻘﺪرة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻨﮭﻮض ﻣﺠﺪداً ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺼﻌﻮﺑﺎت‬:‫ﻣﻌﻨﺎھﺎ‬.

Despite facing many setbacks, his _______ allowed him to succeed in the end.

(a) weakness (b) resilience (c) anxiety (d) bias

Conscientious (‫)ﻣﺠﺘﮭﺪ وذو ﺿﻤﯿﺮ‬

‫ﻣﺮادﻓﺎﺗﮭﺎ‬: diligent, hard-working, careful.

‫ﻣﻀﺎداﺗﮭﺎ‬: careless, lazy.

He is a _______ worker who always pays attention to every detail.

(a) lazy (b) conscientious (c) casual (d) impatient

 Bias (‫ )اﻻﻧﺤﯿﺎز‬/ Prejudice (‫)اﻟﺘﺤﺎﻣﻞ‬

A good journalist should be objective and avoid any personal _______ in their
reports.

(a) accuracy (b) bias (c) fact (d) fairness

Mislead (‫)ﯾﻀﻠﻞ‬:

‫ﻣﺮادﻓﺎﺗﮭﺎ‬: deceive.

The advertisement was designed to _______ customers into thinking the product
was better than it was.

(a) inform (b) guide (c) mislead (d) persuade

Claim (‫ )ﯾﺪّﻋﻲ‬/ Allege (‫)ﯾﺰﻋﻢ‬:

.‫ ﯾﻘﻮل ﺷﯿﺌﺎً ﻛﺤﻘﯿﻘﺔ دون وﺟﻮد دﻟﯿﻞ ﻗﺎطﻊ‬:‫ﻣﻌﻨﺎھﺎ‬

The company _______ that its new product could cure all diseases, but there was
no scientific proof.

(a) proved (b) denied (c) claimed (d) confirmed

Inaccurate (‫)ﻏﯿﺮ دﻗﯿﻖ‬:

‫ﻣﻀﺎداﺗﮭﺎ‬: accurate, correct, factual.

The newspaper had to apologize for publishing _______ information.

(a) reliable (b) inaccurate (c) verified (d) factual

With bated breath (‫)ﺑﺄﻧﻔﺎس ﻣﺤﺒﻮﺳﺔ‬:

.‫ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺮﻗﺐ اﻟﺸﺪﯾﺪ واﻟﻘﻠﻖ أو اﻹﺛﺎرة‬:‫ﻣﻌﻨﺎھﺎ‬

‫‪The crowd watched _______ as the player was about to take the final penalty kick.‬‬
‫‪(a) calmly (b) with bated breath (c) carelessly (d) indifferently‬‬

‫ﻟﻔﺮق ﺑﯿﻦ ‪ Diary‬و‪Dairy‬‬

‫اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻒ‪ :‬ﻟﻮ اﻟﺴﯿﺎق ﯾﺘﺤﺪث ﻋﻦ "ﻣﻔﻜﺮة أو ﯾﻮﻣﯿﺎت" ﯾﺴﺠﻞ ﻓﯿﮭﺎ ﺷﺨﺺ أﺣﺪاﺛﮫ اﻟﯿﻮﻣﯿﺔ‪.‬‬

‫اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﮭﺪﻓﺔ‪Diary‬‬

‫‪She recorded all her daily activities and feelings in her _______.‬‬

‫‪(a) attitude (b) biography (c) dairy (d) diary‬‬

‫ھﺬا ﻓﺦ إﻣﻼﺋﻲ ﺷﮭﯿﺮ ‪. Diary‬ﺗﻌﻨﻲ ﻣﻔﻜﺮة‪ ،‬ﺑﯿﻨﻤﺎ ‪ Dairy‬ﺗﻌﻨﻲ ﻣﻨﺘﺠﺎت اﻷﻟﺒﺎن‪.‬‬

‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺐ‪die out‬‬

‫اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻒ‪ :‬ﻟﻮ اﻟﺴﯿﺎق ﯾﺘﺤﺪث ﻋﻦ "اﻧﻘﺮاض" أو اﺧﺘﻔﺎء ﺷﻲء ﺗﺪرﯾﺠﯿﺎً ﺣﺘﻰ ﯾﺰول ﺗﻤﺎﻣﺎً )ﻣﺜﻞ ﻋﺎدات ﻗﺪﯾﻤﺔ أو‬
‫أﻧﻮاع ﺣﯿﻮاﻧﺎت(‪.‬‬

‫اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﮭﺪﻓﺔ‪die out‬‬

‫‪Some of our old customs have started to _______ as nobody practises them now.‬‬
‫‪(a) die from (b) die of (c) die out (d) die away‬‬

‫اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺔ‪ .(c) die out :‬وھﻮ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﺮﻛﺐ )‪ (phrasal verb‬ﯾﻌﻨﻲ "ﯾﻨﻘﺮض" أو "ﯾﺨﺘﻔﻲ ﺗﺪرﯾﺠﯿﺎً"‪.‬‬

‫اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻒ‪ :‬ﻟﻮ اﻟﺴﺆال طﻠﺐ ﻣﻨﻚ اﺧﺘﯿﺎر اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﺒﺮ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨﺪم ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻲء ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ‪.‬‬

‫اﻹﺟﺮاء‪ :‬اﺑﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ أﺣﺪ ھﺬه اﻟﺘﺮاﻛﯿﺐ‪:‬‬

‫‪...).‬ﻛﺎن ﯾﺠﺐ أن أﻓﻌﻞ( ‪I should have + P.P.‬‬

‫‪...).‬ﻟﻢ ﯾﻜﻦ ﯾﺠﺐ أن أﻓﻌﻞ( ‪I shouldn't have + P.P.‬‬

‫‪...).‬أﻧﺎ ﻧﺎدم ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻌﻞ( )‪I regret + (v-ing‬‬

‫‪...).‬ﯾﺎ ﻟﯿﺘﻨﻲ ﻛﻨﺖ ﻗﺪ ﻓﻌﻠﺖ( ‪If only / I wish + Past Perfect‬‬

Which of the following sentences expresses regret?

(a) I think I will travel tomorrow.

(b) You must study for the exam.

(c) I should have listened to my father's advice.

(d) He might come to the party.

(Certainty & Possibility)‫ﻛﯿﻔﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﻌﺒﯿﺮ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺘﺄﻛﯿﺪ واﻻﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ‬2.

.‫ ﻟﻮ اﻟﺴﺆال طﻠﺐ ﻣﻨﻚ ﺗﺤﺪﯾﺪ درﺟﺔ اﻟﺘﺄﻛﺪ ﻓﻲ ﺟﻤﻠﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ‬:‫اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻒ‬

:‫اﻹﺟﺮاء‬

‫ ﯾﺴﺘﺤﯿﻞ‬can't have + P.P. (‫ )ﻻﺑﺪ أﻧﮫ ﻓﻌﻞ( أو‬must have + P.P. ‫( اﺑﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ‬Certainty): ‫ﺗﺄﻛﯿﺪ ﻗﻮي‬
).‫أﻧﮫ ﻓﻌﻞ‬

‫ رﺑﻤﺎ ﯾﻜﻮن‬could have + P.P. (‫ أو‬might have + P.P. ‫( اﺑﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ‬Possibility): ‫اﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﯿﺔ ﺿﻌﯿﻔﺔ‬
).‫ﻗﺪ ﻓﻌﻞ‬

The sentence "The streets are wet; it must have rained last night" expresses
_______.

(a) possibility

(b) regret

(c) advice

(d) certainty

(Suggestion)‫ﻛﯿﻔﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﻌﺒﯿﺮ ﻋﻦ اﻻﻗﺘﺮاح‬3.

 .ً‫ ﻟﻮ اﻟﺴﺆال طﻠﺐ ﻣﻨﻚ اﺧﺘﯿﺎر اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻘﺪم اﻗﺘﺮاﺣﺎ‬:‫اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻒ‬

:‫ اﺑﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ أﺣﺪ ھﺬه اﻟﺘﺮاﻛﯿﺐ‬:‫اﻹﺟﺮاء‬

Let's + ‫اﻟﻤﺼﺪر‬

How about + (v-ing)?

What about + (v-ing)?

Why don't we + ‫?اﻟﻤﺼﺪر‬

You could + (‫اﻟﻤﺼﺪر )ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم أﯾﻀﺎً ﻟﻼﻗﺘﺮاح‬.

Your friend is bored. Which sentence can you use to make a suggestion?

(a) You must finish your homework.

(b) Why don't we go to the cinema?

(c) I wish we had gone to the cinema.

(d) You will go to the cinema.