NÍVEL A2/B1 - AULA 01

# GRAMMAR
SIMPLE PRESENT

The Simple Present in English is used to describe actions that are regular, habits,
general truths, or situations that are happening now and are continuous. It is formed
by using the base form of the verb, with an "s" added for third-person singular
subjects (he, she, it).

I play soccer on weekends.

She watches TV every night.
Birds fly in the sky.
He reads books.

There are some verbs that use ''IES''. Let's learn the rule

CONSOANTE + Y = IES I study at the same university where your cousin studies.
Study = He studies She tries to sing every night.
Copy = She copies The blue bird flies across the sky.
Try = It tries The baby cries when it's hungry.
Cry = He cries
Fly = She flies

And there are some verbs that use ''ES''. Let's learn the rule

Zuza, O Seu SHampoo CHeiroso da Xuxa EStragou

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SH, CH, Z, X, SS, O = ES

Wash ≈ The girl washes her toys

Watch ≈ My cousin watches the movie right now
Pass ≈ The bad student passes the exam
Go ≈ What goes around, comes around
Do ≈ My husband does the dishes
Teach ≈ A wise guy teaches his friends
Miss ≈ That old man misses his childhood
Kiss ≈ His dog kisses me
Fix ≈ My mother fixes my things
 #Questions
Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb in parentheses.
She always ________ (eat) breakfast at 7 a.m.
I ________ (watch) television every night.
Do you ________ (like) chocolate?
They ________ (live) in Paris.
My brother ________ (have) a blue car.
We ________ (go) to the cinema on Mondays.
How often do you ________ (visit) your grandparents?
She never ________ (drink) coffee in the evening.

Choose the correct sentence.

1. He go to the gym every day.

2. He goes to the gym every day.
3. She play the piano
4. He carries me home
5. I watches movies on weekends.
6. I watch movies on weekends.
7. They likes to travel.
8. They like to travel.

NEGATIVE SENTENCES
In English, "don't" and "doesn't" are used to make negative sentences in the simple present
tense. Here's a simple explanation of their usage:

To have To do To go To get

1st (+) I have I do I go I get

(sing.) ( - ) I DON'T have I DON'T do I DON'T go I DON'T get

(+) You have You do You go You get

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2nd
( - ) You DON'T have You DON'T do You DON'T go You DON'T get
(sing.)

[He-she-it] [He-she-it] [He-she-it] [He-she-it]

3rd (+) has does goes gets

(sing.) ( - ) DOESN'T have DOESN'T do DOESN'T go DOESN'T get

(+) We have We do We go We get

( - ) We DON'T have We DON'T do We DON'T go We DON'T get
(Plural)
(+) They have They do They go They get
( - ) They DON'T have They DON'T do They DON'T go They DON'T get
 INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES
In English, "do" and "does" are used as auxiliary verbs to form questions and negative
statements in the simple present tense. Here's a simple explanation of their usage:

To have To do To go To get

1st (+) I have I do I go I get

(sing.) ( ? ) DO I have? DO I do? DO I go? DO I get ?

(+) You have You do You go You get

2nd
( ? ) DO you have DO you do? DO you go? DO you get?
(sing.)

[He-she-it] [He-she-it] [He-she-it] [He-she-it]

3rd (+) has does goes gets

(sing.) DOES he go? DOES he get?
( ? ) DOES he have? DOES he do?

(+) We have We do We go We get

( ? ) DO we have? DO we do? DO we go? DO we get?

(+) They have They do They go They get

(Plural) ( ? ) DO they have? DO they go? DO they get?
DO they do?

I eat breakfast every morning.

I don't eat breakfast every morning.
Do I eat breakfast every morning?

She listens to music in the afternoon.

She doesn't listen to music in the afternoon.
Does she listen to music in the afternoon?
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We study Spanish at school.

We don't study Spanish at school.
Do we study Spanish at school?

They play football on weekends.

They don't play football on weekends.
Do they play football on weekends?

He watches TV in the evening.

He doesn't watch TV in the evening.
Does he watch TV in the evening?
 #Questions
Complete the sentences using "do," "does," "don't," or "doesn't."
1. ______ you want a cup of coffee?
2. I ______ like spicy food.
3. Sarah ______ play tennis on Sundays.
4. Why ______ they come to the party?
5. It ______ rain much in California during summer.
6. We ______ go to the beach when it's cold.
7. ______ Tom read books in his free time?
8. She ______ need any help with her homework.
9. _____ you usually eat breakfast?
10. He _____ understand the concept.
11. We _____ have time for a quick snack.
12. _____ she often travel for work?
13. They _____ like going to the movies.
14. I _____ know where my keys are.
15. Why _____ John wear that jacket every day?
16. Sarah and Mike _____ come to our house on weekends.

Fill in the blanks using the correct form of the verb in parentheses, along with "do," "does,"
"don't," or "doesn't."
1. I _____ (not/enjoy) skiing in winter.
2. _____ they (have) a new car?
3. She _____ (not/believe) in ghosts.
4. Why _____ you (like) chocolate?
5. He _____ (work) on Sundays.
6. We _____ (not/plan) to move out next month.
7. _____ Maria (play) the piano?
8. They _____ (not/want) any dessert tonight.

THE MOST COMMON VERBS

Help: Can you help me?
Be: I am tired. Find: Can you find my shoes?
Talk: They talk every day.
Have: They have a new dog. Tell: Tell me a story.
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Turn: Turn off the lights.

Do: We do our homework every evening. Ask: I asked him for directions.
Start: Start the car, please.
Say: He says hello to everyone. Work: She works at a bank.
Show: Show me the picture.
Get: I got a present for my birthday. Like: I like chocolate ice cream.
Hear: I can't hear you.
Make: She makes delicious pies. Call: He called me last night.
Play: Let's play a game.
Go: They went to the beach yesterday. Try: Try this new game!
Run: He runs every morning.
Know: I know the answer. Need: We need more milk.
Move: Move your chair closer.
Take: She took the last cookie. Feel: She feels happy today.
Live: They live in Spain.
See: Can you see the stars? Become: He became a doctor.
Believe: I believe in magic.
Come: They come here every summer. Leave: Don't leave your bag here.
Hold: Hold my hand.
Think: I think it's going to rain. Put: Put your shoes on.
Bring: Bring your own bottle.
Look: Look at the rainbow! Mean: What does this word mean?
Happen: What happened last night?
Want: He wants a new bicycle. Keep: Keep the door closed.
Write: She writes novels.
Give: She gave me a book. Let: Let me help you.
Provide: We provide free shipping.
Use: I use this pen for drawing. Begin: The show begins at 8 pm.
Seem: It seems to be raining.
NÍVEL A2/B1 - AULA 2
 # GRAMMAR
PRESENT CONTINUOUS

We use the present continuous when we want to talk about something that is
happening right now. We have to use TO BE VERB + Verb -ing

I work - I am working
You eat now - You are eating now
He goes there - He is going there

What do you do now? - What are you doing now?

Where does she go now? - Where is she going now?
Whom do you talk to? - Whom are you talking to?

We don't work now - We aren't working today

They don't drink wine now - They aren't drinking wine now
He doesn't walk - He isn't walking

Negative sentences in Present Continuous: Interrogative sentences in Present Continuous

I am not watching TV right now. Am I speaking loudly?

She isn't reading a book. Is she coming to the party?
They aren't playing football. Are they swimming in the pool?
He isn't studying for the exam. Is he listening to music?
We aren't eating dinner. Are we meeting them later?

#Questions
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Complete the sentences using the present continuous

1. She ________ (wear) a blue dress today.

2. The kids ________ (play) in the garden.
3. We ________ (work) on a new project this week.
4. He ________ (listen) to the radio right now.
5. The dog ________ (bark) loudly.

1. I ________ (not/sleep) at the moment.

2. They ________ (not/attend) the party tonight.
3. She ________ (not/cook) dinner now.
4. We ________ (not/travel) to Paris this summer.
5. He ________ (not/read) the newspaper right now.
 # ATM
VOCABULARY
PLACES OF THE CITY

Cemetery Company Airport Square

Consulate Bookshop Police Pub/bar City hall

Bakery Hospital Movies Pharmacy Park

Every time when we use the verb GO + a place, we use the preposition TO THE + place
I go to the beach every year
My father goes to the bakery
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But, with few verbs we have to use only TO + the place. Those words are:

Church School Work Bed College Jail

She goes to church every Sunday

My friend goes to work by car
I need to go to bed right now
He doesn't go to jail
Do you go to college?
 #Questions
1. Have you ever had trouble finding an ATM in a foreign city? Where was it?
2. How do you feel when you visit a cemetery? Is it different in your culture than in
others?
3. Do you know anyone who owns a company? What do they do?
4. How often do you go to the airport? Is it usually for business or pleasure?
5. What's the most famous square in your hometown or country? Why is it famous?
6. Have you ever had to visit a consulate? Why?
7. Do you prefer a sweet or savory treat from a bakery? Any favorite item?
8. What was the last book you bought from a bookshop? Would you recommend it?
9. Have you ever visited a hospital in a foreign country? What was it like?
10. How do you feel about the police in your city? Do you feel safe?
11. What's the last movie you saw at the movies? Did you like it?
12. Do you enjoy going to a pub/bar? Do you have a favorite drink?
13. How often do you visit a pharmacy? Only when you're sick, or do you buy other
products there too?
14. Have you ever been to the city hall? What was the reason?
15. What activities do you enjoy doing in a park?
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NÍVEL A2/B1 - AULA 3
 # GRAMMAR
SIMPLE PAST

The simple past is really simple in English, we only need to add ED to the verb. Let's check
some examples.

work - talk - walk - watch -wash - look - kiss - open - close - fix

ED
Today - yesterday - tonight- last night - this week - this month - this year

1. I worked today in the morning

2. She watched TV with her family last night
3. The kid kissed the dog yesterday
4. My mother opened the window to sleep
5. They talked to me last week
6. My french friend closed the door when he entered home
7. You looked at me tonight. Why?
8. She walked to work
9. My mother fixed the broken car
10. My father washed the dishes

IRREGULAR VERBS
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There is no rule concerning the irregular verbs, so we need to learn them by heart

Take = took / See = saw / Buy = bought / Tell = told / Put = put / Read = read
Cut = cut / Hear = heard / Sleep = slept / Wake up = woke up / Speak =
spoke
Eat = ate / Drink = drank / Be = was - were / have = had
I took a walk in the park yesterday. We heard the thunder during the storm.

She saw a beautiful sunset last night. She slept for eight hours last night.

They bought a new car last week. I woke up early this morning.

He told me the truth about the situation.

She put the keys on the table.
I read a book before going to bed.
He cut the vegetables for dinner.
 INTERROGATIVE
To ask questions in the past tense, we use "DID". Note that the verb ALWAYS is
normal, as the DID already indicates that the sentence is in the past.

I visited my grandparents last weekend.

Did you visit your grandparents last weekend?

She studied for her exams all night.

Did she study for her exams all night?

They went to the beach yesterday.

Did they go to the beach yesterday?

He played soccer with his friends after school.

Did he play soccer with his friends after school?

We watched a movie together last night.

Did we watch a movie together last night?

NEGATIVE
To negate an action in the past, you just need to use "didn't". Remember that verbs
always stay in their infinitive form.

I ate breakfast this morning.

I didn't eat breakfast this morning.

She watched TV all night.

She didn't watch TV all night.

They went to the concert last weekend.

They didn't go to the concert last weekend.

He played basketball with his friends after work.

He didn't play basketball with his friends after work.
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We studied English for two hours yesterday.

We didn't study English for two hours yesterday.

What did you say?

What didn't you say?

You wanted to do what he does

You didn't want to do what he does

She had a red car

She didn't have a red car

She was my friend

She wasn't my friend*
 #Questions
1. What did you eat for breakfast yesterday?
2. Where did you go on your last vacation?
3. Did you enjoy the last movie you watched? Why or why not?
4. How was your weekend?
5. Did you ever have a pet when you were a child? What was its name?
6. What book did you read last month?
7. Who was your best friend in high school?
8. Did you play any sports or join any clubs when you were younger?
9. Where did you live before moving to your current city?
10. How was the weather in your city last weekend?
11. What was the most memorable concert or event you attended last year?
12. Did you use to have any hobbies or activities that you no longer do?
13. Did you visit any relatives or friends in the past month?
14. What did you want to be when you were a kid? Has it changed?
15. Did you try any new foods or dishes recently? What were they?
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NÍVEL A2/B1 - AULA 4
 # GRAMMAR
PAST CONTINUOUS

The Past Continuous tense is used to describe actions or situations that were ongoing or in
progress at a specific moment in the past. It is formed using was/were + verb-ing.

I work - I was working

You eat now - You were eating now
He goes there - He was going there

What do you do now? - What were you doing few minutes ago ?
Where does she go now? - Where was she going ?
Whom do you talk to? - Whom were you talking to?

We don't work now - We weren't working today

They don't drink wine now - They weren't drinking wine few minutes ago
He doesn't walk - He wasn't walking

Negative sentences in Past Continuous: Interrogative sentences in Past Continuous

I was not watching TV. was I speaking loudly?

She was't reading a book. was she coming to the party?
They weren't playing football. were they swimming in the pool?
He was't studying for the exam. was he listening to music?
We weren't eating dinner. were we meeting them later?

#Questions
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1. What were you doing at 7pm last night?

2. Describe a time when you were caught in the rain. What were you doing?
3. Tell me about a movie you were watching recently that got interrupted. Why
was it interrupted?
4. Think about your last birthday. What were you doing at this exact time on that
day?
5. Were your neighbors making noise last night? What do you think they were
doing?
6. Can you recall a time when your plans got changed while you were already on
the way? What were you planning and what happened?
7. Describe a memorable day from your childhood. What games were you playing
with your friends?
8. While you were growing up, were there any chores or tasks you hated doing?
Which ones?
NÍVEL A2/B1 - AULA 5
 # GRAMMAR
SIMPLE FUTURE

The Simple Future tense is used to talk about actions or events that will happen in
the future. We often use "will" or "going to" to form the Simple Future.

Will:

Structure: Subject + will + base form of verb

Example: "She will travel to France next year."

Going to:

Structure: Subject + am/is/are + going to + base form of verb

Example: "I am going to start a new job next week."
We use "will" when we decide to do something at the moment of speaking or to make
predictions. We use "going to" when we have already decided or planned to do
something.

Affirmative: Negative: Questions:

– I will travel; – You won't be my girlfriend; – Will you come?
– He will try; – You will not go; – Will she visit me?
– They will work. – We won't die. – Will it sleep?

A promise: A threat:
Attention I promise I won’t I‘ll tell your parents what
tell anyone you you did.
I will = I'll
You will = You'll broke the window.
A refusal:
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She will = She'll

An offer: No, I won’t cook your
We will = We'll
I‘ll take you to the dinner, you can cook it
They will = They'll
airport tomorrow. yourself.
 #Questions
Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb in the simple future.

1. I _______ (visit) my grandmother next weekend.

2. They _______ (not/play) soccer tomorrow because of the rain.
3. When _______ she _______ (return) from her trip?
4. The conference _______ (start) at 9 a.m. sharp.
5. We _______ (not/go) to the beach if it's cold.
6. Why _______ you _______ (buy) a new car?
7. The kids _______ (love) the presents you got them!

Fill in the blanks with either "will" or "going to".

1. I think it _______ (rain) tomorrow.

2. I _______ (visit) the doctor later because I've made an appointment.
3. She _______ (not/wear) that dress to the party.
4. They _______ (buy) a new house next year when they get their bonuses.
5. Why _______ you _______ (take) the train? Is your car broken?
6. I'm not sure yet, but I probably _______ (attend) the seminar.

Choose the correct form.

1. The sky is dark. It _______ (will rain/is going to rain).

2. She said she _______ (will come/is coming) later.
3. I _______ (will meet/am going to meet) my friends for dinner.
4. They don't think he _______ (will pass/is going to pass) the test.
5. I've decided I _______ (will stay/am going to stay) home tonight.

1. What are you going to do this weekend?

2. Do you think you will travel abroad next year?
3. What is something you've decided you're going to try in the future?
4. Which movie do you think will win the Best Picture at the Oscars next year?
5. Where are you going to spend your next vacation?
6. If you win the lottery, what will you do with the money?
7. Who will you meet after this class?
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8. Do you think people will still be using smartphones in 10 years, or is there going to
be something new?
9. What will the weather be like tomorrow? (You can ask this to practice both forms,
as both can be correct based on context!)
10. Are you going to make any changes to your lifestyle in the near future?
11. What do you think will be the most important job of the future?
12. Are there any books or series you are going to start reading/watching soon?
13. When do you think you will next see your relatives?
14. Do you think we will have flying cars in the future or is it just a fantasy?
15. What will you have for dinner tonight?
16. What are some goals you are going to set for yourself next month?
 # GRAMMAR
SIMPLE FUTURE CONTINUOUS

The Simple Future Continuous tense is used to express actions that will be happening
at a specific moment in the future. It is formed with will + be + present participle (base
verb + -ing). Use it when you want to emphasize the duration of an action that will be
in progress before and after a certain time in the future.

She will be studying at the library tomorrow evening.

They will be traveling to Europe next summer.
I will be working at the new office next week.

He will not (won't) be attending the meeting next Tuesday.

We won't be staying overnight at the hotel.
You won't be watching the movie with us tonight.

Will she be joining us for dinner?

Will they be playing in the match next Sunday?
Will we be meeting at the usual place?

#Questions
Complete the sentences using the Simple Future Continuous tense (affirmative).

1. Tomorrow at this time, I _______________ (travel) to London.

2. By next year, he _______________ (work) on his master's thesis.
3. At 5 pm, they _______________ (have) their weekly team meeting.
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Turn the following sentences into negative statements using the Simple Future
Continuous tense.

1. She will be staying at the hotel.

2. They will be flying to Paris.
3. I will be attending the conference.

Turn the following sentences into questions using the Simple Future Continuous tense.

1. He will be studying for his exams.

2. We will be watching the football game.
3. She will be shopping at the mall.
 1. What will you be doing at this time tomorrow?
2. At 10 am next Saturday, where will you be and what do you think you'll be doing?
3. When you turn 40 (or 50, or 60), what do you believe you will be working on?
4. If you call me at 9 pm tonight, what will I be doing?
5. In July, many people are on vacation. What will you be doing?
6. Think about your best friend. At 6 pm today, what will he/she be doing?
7. If it rains tomorrow, what will you be doing instead of your original plans?
8. Will you be attending any special events or gatherings next month? What
preparations will you be making for it?
9. When the next semester or school year starts, which subjects do you think you
will be studying?
10. At midnight on New Year's Eve, what do you typically find yourself doing?
11. If someone visits your city or country during the peak tourist season, what
activities will they likely be engaging in?
12. Think about the upcoming major sports event. Which team do you believe will be
leading halfway through it?
13. By the time you retire, what hobbies or activities do you hope you'll be pursuing?
14. If you decide to pursue further education or a new career path in five years, what
will you be learning or working on?
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NÍVEL A2/B1 - AULA 6
 # VIDEO

Moment 1: The teacher selects an advanced level video (interviews, news, etc.) and the
students must watch it directly, without pauses. The goal is to see how much the student can
understand from a video without interruptions to ask questions.

Moment 2: The student must report what he saw and understood from the video presented.

Moment 3: With the teacher, the student reviews the video and expresses his doubts
regarding vocabulary, grammar, etc.

Moment 4: Debate on the video viewed.

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 # EXPRESSIONS
WITH TIME

Against the clock - Contra o tempo.

We need to finish this project against the clock.
Around the clock - Dia e noite.
Nurses work around the clock to take care of the patients.
Behind the times - Ultrapassado.
This technology is behind the times.
Call it a day/night - Encerrar o dia.
After the long meeting, we decided to call it a day.
At the eleventh hour - No último minuto.
She finished her assignment at the eleventh hour.
In the nick of time - No último momento possível.
He caught the train in the nick of time.
Once in a blue moon - Raramente.
I see him once in a blue moon. (Eu o vejo raramente.)

#Questions
The teacher should ask students to create sentences using the expressions they learned.
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NÍVEL A2/B1 - AULA 7
 # GRAMMAR
MODAL VERBS

Modal verbs are a group of special verbs, with which we will not use the "to" between
verbs, the "s" in the third person, nor the "DO/DOES" to ask questions. Let's see the
examples

can could may might would

should must ought will shall

Afirmativa: I can speak Spanish fluently.

Negativa: She can't play the piano very well.
Interrogativa: Can you help me with this problem?

Afirmativa: He could run a marathon when he was younger.

Negativa: I couldn't find my keys this morning.
Interrogativa: Could you please pass me the salt?

Afirmativa: They may arrive early for the meeting.

Negativa: You may not park here without a permit.
Interrogativa: May I borrow your book for the weekend?

Afirmativa: She might come to the party if she finishes her work on time.
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Negativa: We might not be able to go to the beach because of the

weather.
Interrogativa: Might I ask you a personal question?
Afirmativa: We must finish this project by tomorrow.
Negativa: You mustn't smoke in this building.
Interrogativa: Must we attend this meeting?

Afirmativa: I shall meet you at the restaurant at 7 PM.

Negativa: They shall not pass this exam without studying.
Interrogativa: Shall we dance?

Afirmativa: You should eat more vegetables for a healthier diet.

Negativa: We should not forget to turn off the lights when we leave.
Interrogativa: Should I call you back later?
 #Questions
1. Choose the appropriate modal verb to complete each sentence:
2.
3. You ______ not enter this room without permission.
4. ______ you help me lift this box?
5. When I was younger, I ______ run five miles without getting tired.
6. It ______ rain tomorrow according to the weather forecast.
7. She's not sure, but she ______ come to the party tonight.
8. You ______ study hard if you want to pass the exam.
9. I ______ like to order a cup of coffee, please.
10. You _______ to visit the doctor if you're feeling unwell.
11. ______ I leave early today?
12. They _______ definitely be at the concert. They've already bought the tickets.
13. We ______ always rely on him; he's very dependable.
14. I _______ advise against eating that; it looks spoiled!
15. You _______ be kidding! That can't be true.
16. We ______ go to the beach this weekend if the weather is nice.
17. You _______ take your shoes off before entering the house.
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 # VOCABULARY
HOBBIES

Learning Reading Writing Shopping Traveling Swimmin

g

Dancing Go trekking Playing Binge watching Jogging Drawing

Playing +
Keyboard Guita Videogames Basketball Cards Soccer
r
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Movie genres: Music genres:

Action Western
Comedy Documentary • Pop music; • Indie music;
Romance Horror • Country music; • Techno music;
Adventure Animation • Rock music; • Hip hop & Rap music;
Musical Fantasy • Classic music; • Rhythm and blues;
Drama Sports • Brazilian music; • Lo fi music;
Sci-fi Thriller

What kind of music /movies do you like?

What is your favorite movie/song?
Do you know how to dance?
 When we add "ing" to some verbs, it sometimes turns the verb into a noun, reffering
to an activity, such as the examples bellow:

To swim (verb) > Swimming (noun) To teaching (verb) > Swimming (noun)
To read (verb) > Reading (noun) To learn (verb) > Learning (noun)
To write (verb) > Writing (noun) To smoke (verb) > Smoking (noun)
To jog (verb) > Jogging (noun) To hike (verb) > Hiking (noun)

#Questions
1. What's the last thing you remember learning that truly fascinated you?
2. Have you ever tried dancing to a type of music you usually don't listen to?
3. Do you play any musical instruments, like the keyboard or guitar?
4. Have you ever been trekking? If so, where?
5. How old were you when you first started playing a musical instrument?
6. What's your favorite videogame and why?
7. Do you enjoy binge-watching series? Which one did you watch last?
8. Are you a fan of basketball? Who's your favorite team or player?
9. How often do you go jogging and do you have any specific routes you like?
10. Do you have a favorite card game when playing cards?
11. Have you ever tried drawing something from your imagination?
12. Who's your favorite soccer player or team?
13. What's the last book you enjoyed reading?
14. Do you have a passion for writing? What do you usually write about?
15. What's the last thing you bought while shopping that made you really happy?
16. Where's the last place you went traveling to?
17. How do you feel about swimming in open waters, like the sea or a lake?
18. When playing a game or sport, are you highly competitive or just playing for fun?
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NÍVEL A2/B1 - AULA 8
 # GRAMMAR
PRESENT PERFECT

The Present Perfect is a verb tense in English that is used to express actions or
events that have occurred at an unspecified time in the past, as well as actions that
started in the past and continue up to the present moment. The Present Perfect is
formed using the auxiliary verb "have" or "has" combined with the past participle of
the main verb. Keep in mind that when using the Present Perfect, the specific time
of the action is not important. If you want to mention a specific time, use the Simple
Past tense instead.

I have recently started learning I have been studying English for three
Spanish. hours.
She has never tried skydiving. She has been working at that
They have visited the museum several company since 2015.
times. They have been playing soccer all
We have already watched that movie. afternoon.
You have successfully completed the I have been reading this book for two
project. weeks
He has studied English for five years. They have been traveling around
She has always wanted to go to Japan. Europe since last month, visiting
I have read this book twice. many cities.
They have been friends since childhood. She has been studying for her final
We have lived in this city for a decade. exams every day
We have been renovating our house
for the past three months, and it's
finally starting to look great.

#Questions
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Complete the sentences using the correct form (affirmative, interrogative, or

negative) of the Present Perfect tense.

1. She ___________ (see) that movie already.

2. ___________ (you/ever/travel) to Japan?
3. I ___________ (not/meet) his sister yet.
4. They ___________ (live) in Paris for three years before moving to London.
5. How many times ___________ (she/visit) the museum?
6. He ___________ (never/eat) sushi before last night.
7. ___________ (they/finish) their homework?
8. We ___________ (not/hear) from him since the last meeting.
9. ___________ (you/read) the book I lent you?
10. She ___________ (be) to the dentist's twice this year.
 PRESENT PERFECT X PAST PERFECT
The Present Perfect is used to express actions or events that have occurred at an
unspecified time in the past, as well as actions that started in the past and continue up to
the present moment.

It is formed using the auxiliary verb "have" or "has" combined with the past participle of the
main verb.

Obs: Keep in mind that when using the Present Perfect, the specific time of the action is not
important. If you want to mention a specific time, use the Simple Past tense.

I have recently started learning Spanish. I have been studying English for three hours.

She has never tried skydiving. She has been working at that company since
2015.
They have visited the museum several
times. They have been playing soccer all afternoon.

We have already watched that movie. I have been reading this book for two weeks

You have successfully completed the She has been studying for her final exams
project. every day

He has studied English for five years. We have been renovating our house for the
past three months, and it's finally starting to
She has always wanted to go to Japan. look great.

#Questions
1. I __________ (never / eat) sushi before.
2. She __________ (already / visit) New York twice.
3. They __________ (just / finish) their exams.
4. He __________ (not / see) that movie yet.
5. We __________ (live) in this city for three years
6. They __________ (never / travel) abroad before.
7. She __________ (already / start) her new job last week.
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8. He __________ (just / buy) a new car.

9. I __________ (not / read) that book yet.
10. We __________ (study) English for five years.

Have you ever traveled outside of your country?

How many times have you visited New York City?
Have you finished your homework yet?
Have you seen the latest episode of that TV show?
How long have you been studying English?
 The Past Perfect is a verb tense used to describe an action that was completed before
another action in the past. It is formed with the auxiliary verb "had" followed by the past
participle of the main verb.

I had finished my homework before my friends came over.

They had already left by the time we arrived at the party.
She had never traveled abroad before she went to Europe last summer.
The restaurant had closed by the time we got there.
He had studied Spanish for several years before he moved to Spain.
The movie had already started by the time we got to the theater.
She had seen that movie before, so she knew how it ended.
They had been married for ten years before they decided to have children.
I had never tried sushi before I went to Japan.
He had lost his passport, so he couldn't travel to Europe as planned.

#Questions
Complete the sentences with the correct form of the Past Perfect or Present Perfect tense.

1. I __________ (never/visit) that country before, so I was excited to go there.

2. By the time we arrived, they __________ (already/finish) the project.
3. She __________ (live) in Paris for three years.
4. They __________ (just/start) the movie when we got there.
5. We __________ (never/be) to that restaurant before.
6. She __________ (study) English for two years before she moved to the United States.
7. We __________ (not/see) each other for a long time before we ran into each other at the
supermarket.
8. The concert __________ (already/start) by the time we got to the venue.
9. He __________ (never/eat) sushi before he went to Japan.
10. They __________ (travel) to many countries around the world.

Complete the sentences using the Past Perfect form of the verbs in parentheses.
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Affirmative:
She ___ (finish) her assignment when her friends called her.
By the time he arrived, the party ___ (already/start).
They ___ (live) in London before they moved to New York.

Negative:
I ___ (never/be) to a concert until last night.
She was surprised by the test questions because she ___ (not/study).
Although he's traveled widely, he ___ (never/see) the Northern Lights.

Interrogative:
___ (you/visit) the museum before it closed?
___ (she/cook) dinner when you got home?
Where ___ (they/live) before moving to this neighborhood?
 #Practice
1. Have you ever visited a country outside of your own? If so, which one?
2. How long have you been studying English?
3. What books have you read recently?
4. Have you ever tried a sport or hobby that you initially thought you wouldn't like but ended
up enjoying?
5. Which movies have you watched more than once?
6. Had you ever traveled by plane before your first international trip?
7. Before you learned how to drive, had you ever imagined how it would feel?
8. Had you finished your homework by the time your favorite TV show started last night?

FREQUENCY ADVERBS
Adverbs of frequency in English are words that describe how often something
happens. They tell us how regular an action or event is. Some common examples are
"always," "usually," "often," "sometimes," "rarely," and "never."

How often do you go to the beach each year?

Always = sempre
I usually wake up at 6 o'clock every day.
Usually = normalmente
He hardly ever reads books.
Often = frequentemente
We never talked to her.
Sometimes = às vezes
I think it's good to visit your mother
Rarely = raramente
sometimes.
Hardly ever = quase nunca
I will always be yours!
Never = nunca

#Practice
1. Do you always eat breakfast before work?
2. What time do you usually wake up in the morning?
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3. How often do you go to the movies?

4. Do you sometimes feel tired after work?
NÍVEL A2/B1 - AULA 9
 # GRAMMAR

#Questions
PRESENT & PAST PERFECT II

If any of the questions below are not true, please pretend they are so we can answer
the questions.

1. Had you met your best friend before starting school?

2. Have you tried any new foods recently? What did you think?
3. Before the digital age, had you ever used a typewriter or sent a telegram?
4. Have you read any good books lately?
5. By the time you attended college, had you already traveled solo?
6. Have you watched any movies or series that you would recommend?
7. Had you ever tasted spicy food before you visited a specific country or restaurant?
8. Have you learned anything new or surprising this week?
9. Before this year, had you ever thought about the goals you've now set for yourself?
10. Have you taken up any new hobbies or activities?
11. What new skills have you acquired in the past year?
12. Have you ever lost something important and never found it?
13. Which foods have you tried and disliked?
14. How many times have you moved homes in your life?

Complete the sentences using the correct form of the verb in brackets in the
Present Perfect tense.

1. I _________ (never/see) the ocean before.

2. They __________ (just/arrive) at the party.
3. How long _________ (you/know) Jessica?
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4. I __________ (not/finish) my project yet.

5. She __________ (visit) several countries in Asia.

Complete the sentences using the correct form of the verb in brackets in the Past
Perfect tense.

1. After he _________ (finish) his meal, he went for a walk.

2. I wasn't hungry at the party because I _________ (already/eat).
3. They were disappointed when they arrived at the concert because it _________
(already/start).
4. By the time we got to the cinema, the film _________ (already/begin).
5. She didn't want to see the movie because she _________ (see) it before.
 # VOCABULARY
TRAVEL AND HOTEL

Airport Airplane Passport Boarding Baggage

Pass Claim

Restaurant Menu Hotel Currency Gate

Exchange

Taxi Train Subway/ Bus Car Rental

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Metro

Water Street Ticket Bathroom/ Cash

Restroom
 To miss the flight Peder o vôo
To drop off/check the luggage(baggage) Despachar a mala
The luggage goes missing/ Ter a mala extraviada
the luggage has gone missing
To claim (your) luggage Pegar a bagagem
To be scanned/ to be frisked Ser revistado
Answer the immigration at airport Responder às perguntas da imigração
To go through customs Ir à imigração
To hand over the passport Entregar o passaporte
To make a connection/ to stop over in … Fazer uma conexão
/Take another flight
Take off Decolar
To land Aterrizar
To fasten (your) seat belt Apertar os cintos
To lock the tray table Travar a mesa do avião
To lift the window shade Levantar a persiana

#Dialogue
Immigration Officer: Good morning, ma'am. What's the purpose of your visit to the United
States?

Woman: Good morning. I'm here for a vacation.

Immigration Officer: How long will you be staying in the United States?

Woman: I'll be staying for two weeks.

Immigration Officer: Where will you be staying during your visit?

Woman: I have a hotel reservation in Miami.

Immigration Officer: Have you been to the United States before?

Woman: Yes, I have been to New York City a few years ago.
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Immigration Officer: Do you have any relatives or friends in the United States?

Woman: No, I don't have any relatives or friends here.

Immigration Officer: Do you have any other reason for visiting the United States besides
vacation?

Woman: No, just vacation.

Immigration Officer: Do you have enough funds to cover your expenses during your stay?

Woman: Yes, I have enough money to cover my expenses.

Immigration Officer: Alright, ma'am, your visa and documents seem to be in order. Welcome
to the United States and have a pleasant stay.

Woman: Thank you very much.

 Hotel Hostel Single room Double room

Reception desk Reservation Private bathroom Shared bathroom

Breakfast included Swimming pool Gym Parking

Book reservar
Check in fazer o check-in
Check out fazer o check-out
Cancel cancelar
Confirm confirmar
Pay pagar
Upgrade fazer um upgrade
Downgrade fazer um downgrade
Request solicitar
Complain reclamar
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Clean limpar
Make the bed arrumar a cama
Refill reabastecer
Call ligar (para a recepção)
Request room service solicitar serviço de quarto
Request a wake-up call solicitar uma chamada de despertar
Arrange transportation organizar transporte
Reserve a table reservar uma mesa
Use the facilities utilizar as instalações
Pack fazer as malas
Unpack desfazer as malas.
 Dialogue

Receptionist: Good afternoon, welcome to the Grand Hotel. How may I assist you?

The Woman: Hi, we're interested in booking a room for a couple of nights.

The Man: Yeah, we're looking for a hotel that's centrally located and has good
amenities.

Receptionist: Great, we have a few rooms available. Would you prefer a single or
double room?

The Woman: Double, please.

The Man: Hold on a second, what kind of amenities do you have?

Receptionist: We have a fitness center, a swimming pool, a spa, and a restaurant on

the premises.

The Man: Hmm, I don't know. Do you have any rooms with a better view?

Receptionist: Yes, we have rooms with a view of the city or the ocean. Which one
would you prefer?

The Man: The ocean view sounds good, but I'm not sure about the price.

The Woman: Don't worry about the price, we can afford it.

Receptionist: Excellent, I can offer you our deluxe ocean view room with a king-sized
bed for $300 a night. Would you like me to make the reservation?

The Man: Actually, I think we'll look around a bit more before making a decision.
Thank you anyway.

The Woman: Are you sure? I think this hotel looks great.

Receptionist: If you change your mind, please don't hesitate to come back. Have a
nice day.
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NÍVEL A2/B1 - AULA 10
 # GRAMMAR
COMPARATIVE & SUPERLATIVE

In English, we have to pay attention to the number of syllables in adjectives. When

the adjective is short, we CANNOT use MORE or MOST

[Link] = it is has 3 syllables (long adjective)

Brazil is more beautiful than Argentina
Smart = it is has 1 syllable (short adjective)
She is more smart than her sister
We can't use MORE because ''smart'' is a short adjective
She is smarter than her sister

When the adjective is long we can use MORE, but when it's short we have to add ''ER''
at the end.

Smart Smarter He isn't smarter than you!

Big Bigger Brazil is much bigger than Japan
Small Smaller The mouse is smaller than the cats
Rich Richer Why is the USA richer than South Africa?
Easy Easier Is Greek easier than Japanese?
Tall Taller Are you taller than your brother?
Expensive This car is more expensive than yours!
Difficult Japanese is more difficult than English
Beautiful Today is more beautiful than yesterday

Identify the short adjectives and form a sentence with all the adjectives that are
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here
Expensive - Cool - Hungry - Difficult - Hard - Funny - Interesting - Sad - Happy
Strong - Weak - Fast - Great - Amazing - Nice - Jealous - Brave - Simple - Lazy
 the superlative serves to say that something is the number 1, it is a reference. We
always use THE MOST with long adjectives and add -EST with short adjectives.

[Link] = it is has 3 syllables (long adjective)

Switzerland is the most expensive country in Europe
Big = it is has 1 syllable (short adjective)
Russia is the most big country

We can't use MOST because ''BIG'' is a short adjective

Russia is the biggest country

Smart Smartest She is the smartest student in school

Big Biggest Brazil is the biggest country in South America
Small Smallest What is the smallest city in the world?
Easy Easiest What is the easiest language?
Rich Richest Who is the richest man on Earth?
Beautiful Where is the most beautiful beach?
Expansive What is the most expensive city in Brazil?
Interesting This is the most interesting subject!

ATTENTION!
we have some exceptions that must be learned

Comparative Superlative

Good Better Best When was the best day of your life?
Bad Worse Worst Today is the worst day ever!
Far Further Furthest What's the fu rthest city you've been to?
Little Less Least What is the least rich country?
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Much (many) More Most Together is better!

 #Questions
Fill in the blanks with the correct comparative form of the adjectives in brackets.

1. My car is __________ (fast) than yours.

2. This book is __________ (interesting) than the other one.
3. New York is __________ (big) than Boston.
4. She is __________ (old) than her brother.
5. The chocolate cake is __________ (delicious) than the vanilla one.
6. This is the __________ (good) ice cream I've ever tasted!
7. Michael is the __________ (rich) person in our neighborhood.
8. That was the __________ (bad) movie I've ever seen.
9. Everest is the __________ (high) mountain in the world.
10. She's the __________ (friendly) person in our class.

ADJECTIVES RELATATED TO BODY

Tall - Short - Slim - Chubby - Fat - Muscular - Skinny - Curly (hair) - Straight (hair)
Wavy (hair) - Bald -Hairy - Fair (skin) - Dark (skin) - Tanned - Pale - Wrinkled
Smooth (skin) - Freckled - Bearded - Clean-shaven - Blue-eyed - Brown-eyed -
Green-eyed - Hook-nosed - Flat-nosed - Full-lipped - Thin-lipped - Long-legged -
Short-legged - Broad-shouldered - Slender - Stocky - Tattooed - Pierced - Scarred
Bespectacled (wearing glasses) - Brunette (dark-haired) - Blonde - Redheaded
Graying - White-haired - Bushy-browed - Long-fingered - Short-fingered
Big-footed - Small-footed - Bow-legged - Knock-kneed

#Questions
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1. Are you tall or short?

2. Do you have curly, straight, or wavy hair?
3. Is your skin fair, dark, tanned, or pale?
4. Would you describe yourself as slim, chubby, fat, muscular, or skinny?
5. Do you have smooth skin, freckled skin, or is it wrinkled?
6. Are you bald, hairy, or clean-shaven?
7. Do you have blue, brown, or green eyes?
8. Would you say your nose is hook-nosed or flat-nosed?
9. Are your lips full-lipped or thin-lipped?
10. Do you have long legs or short legs?
11. Are your shoulders broad or more slender?
NÍVEL A2/B1 - AULA 11
 # GRAMMAR
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

The Present Perfect Continuous tense is used to indicate an action that began in
the past and has continued up to the present moment, with the emphasis on the
duration or ongoing nature of the [Link]'s formed using the verb "to have" (in the
present perfect: "has" or "have"), followed by "been" and the present participle of
the main verb (i.e., verb+ing).

Positive: Subject + has/have + been + verb+ing

Negative: Subject + has/have + not + been + verb+ing
Question: Has/Have + subject + been + verb+ing...?

Actions started in the past and continuing in the present:

She has been reading for two hours.

They have been playing soccer since morning.

To focus on the duration:

I have been working here for five years.

They have been living in this house for a decade.

To explain reasons for current situations or states:

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She's tired because she has been jogging.

The grass is wet because it has been raining.

I've worked here for five years. (Emphasis on the fact)

I've been working here for five years. (Emphasis on the ongoing action and its duration)
 #Questions
1. How long have you been studying English?
2. What have you been reading lately?
3. Where have you been traveling in the past year?
4. How long have you been living in your current city?
5. What show have you been binge-watching recently?
6. Which sport or physical activity have you been practicing consistently?
7. How long have you been working at your current job?
8. Have you been feeling okay these days? You look a bit tired.
9. What kind of music have you been listening to lately?
10. Have your kids been behaving well in school?
11. How long have you been using that app on your phone?
12. Have you been eating healthy recently?
13. How often have you been exercising each week?
14. What have you been doing to relax and de-stress?
15. How long have you been thinking about making that big change in your life?
16. Have you been meeting new people in your community?
17. What new skills have you been learning?
18. How long have you been saving up for that big purchase?
19. Have you been attending any interesting workshops or seminars recently?
20. How long have you been planning your next vacation?

Complete the sentences using the correct verb tense (Simple Past, Present Perfect,
Simple Present, or Present Perfect Continuous) of the verb in parentheses.

1. Every morning, I ________ (go) for a run in the park.

2. Last night, they ________ (watch) a movie.
3. She ________ (live) in Paris for two years when she was a child.
4. I ________ (read) three books this month.
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5. How long you ________ (wait) for the bus?

6. John ________ (be) my friend since high school.
7. It ________ (rain) when I left my house this morning.
8. We ________ (eat) at that new Italian restaurant last weekend.
9. He always ________ (drink) coffee in the morning.
10. Lately, they ________ (work) on a new project at the office.
 # EXPRESSIONS
WITH COLORS

“To tell a white lie” - Usada quando alguém conta uma mentira pequena e
inofensiva, geralmente para evitar magoar os sentimentos de alguém.
"She told a white lie to avoid hurting his feelings."
“Black and blue” - Usada para descrever alguém que está cheio de hematomas.
"After the fight, he was black and blue."
“Black sheep of the family” - Usada para se referir a um membro da família que é
considerado estranho ou embaraçoso em comparação com o resto da família.
"He's always been the black sheep of the family."
“Feel blue” - Usada quando alguém se sente triste ou deprimido.
"I've been feeling blue lately."
“Out of the blue” - Usada quando algo acontece inesperadamente.
"She called me out of the blue after not speaking for years."
“Catch someone red-handed” - Usada quando alguém é pego fazendo algo errado.
"The thief was caught red-handed stealing the jewels."

#Questions
The teacher should ask students to create sentences using the expressions they learned.
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NÍVEL A2/B1 - AULA 12
 # GRAMMAR
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS II

#Questions
1. What have you been studying recently?
2. I've been trying to eat healthier. Can you suggest any good recipes?
3. I haven't been watching TV lately. Have I missed any good shows?
4. They haven't been practicing the piano as much. Why do you think that is?
5. We haven't been meeting as often as before. Should we plan something soon?
6. What have they been doing to prepare for the exam?
7. Where have you been traveling this year?
8. Why have you been looking so tired these days?

Complete the sentences using the correct verb tense (Simple Past, Present Perfect,
Simple Present, or Present Perfect Continuous) of the verb in parentheses.

1. Every morning, I ________ (go) for a run in the park.

2. Last night, they ________ (watch) a movie.
3. She ________ (live) in Paris for two years when she was a child.
4. I ________ (read) three books this month.
5. How long you ________ (wait) for the bus?
6. John ________ (be) my friend since high school.
7. It ________ (rain) when I left my house this morning.
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8. We ________ (eat) at that new Italian restaurant last weekend.

9. He always ________ (drink) coffee in the morning.
10. Lately, they ________ (work) on a new project at the office.
 #Let's read
A Japanese girl named Yumi has been living in Tokyo for most of her life. She has
been attending a local school, where she has been studying hard every day.
Recently, she has been learning English, and she's been finding it quite interesting.
Every morning, Yumi has been waking up early to practice calligraphy, a skill she has
been improving for several years. She has also been helping her family with
household chores, such as cooking and cleaning.

In the afternoons, Yumi has been going to her Kendo practice, a traditional
Japanese martial art that she has been passionate about. She's been practicing
Kendo for several years and has been getting better at it with each session. After
her practice, Yumi has been spending time with her friends, exploring different parts
of the city, and trying out new food. They have been enjoying discovering new cafes
and shops together.

In the evenings, Yumi has been doing her homework and preparing for the next day.
She has also been reading a lot of books, as she has been interested in Japanese
literature. Before going to bed, she has been writing in her journal, a habit she has
been keeping for a long time to reflect on her day."
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NÍVEL A2/B1 - AULA 13
 # READING

Moment 1: The teacher selects an advanced level text and the students have 1 to 3 minutes
to read the text. The objective is to carry out a quick reading, to see how much information
the student was able to understand in a short time.

Moment 2: The student must report what he has read and understood from the text
presented.

Moment 3: With the teacher, the student rereads the text and expresses doubts regarding
vocabulary, grammar, etc.

Moment 4: Debate on the text read.

A Japanese girl named Yumi lives in a small town near Kyoto. Before she started her
current school year, she had already learned quite a bit about traditional Japanese
arts. She had studied calligraphy and tea ceremony from her grandmother, who had
been an expert in these fields.

In recent months, Yumi has perfected her skills in calligraphy. She has written many
beautiful pieces that her family has proudly displayed in their home. Yumi has also
developed a strong interest in Japanese history, especially after her teacher had
explained the significance of Kyoto's historical sites. This new interest has led her to
read several books on the subject, and she has gained a deep understanding of her
cultural heritage.
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Yumi's routine has been quite busy lately. She has joined a local Kendo club, where
she has been learning the art of Japanese swordsmanship. She has made significant
progress and has already participated in a few local competitions. Her dedication
has not only improved her skills but also built her confidence.

In addition to her extracurricular activities, Yumi has been excelling in her studies.
She has been particularly good at mathematics, a subject she had struggled with in
the past. Her recent test scores have shown remarkable improvement, and she has
been receiving praises from her teachers and classmates.

Overall, Yumi's daily life is a blend of traditional Japanese culture and modern
education, shaped by her past experiences and current endeavors."
 # VIDEO

Moment 1: The teacher selects an advanced level video (interviews, news, etc.) and the
students must watch it directly, without pauses. The goal is to see how much the student can
understand from a video without interruptions to ask questions.

Moment 2: The student must report what he saw and understood from the video presented.

Moment 3: With the teacher, the student reviews the video and expresses his doubts
regarding vocabulary, grammar, etc.

Moment 4: Debate on the video viewed.

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NÍVEL A2/B1 - AULA 14
 # GRAMMAR

#Questions
PAST PERFECT II

1. Tell me about something you had done before you turned 18.
2. Describe a book you had read that left a strong impression on you.
3. Share an experience where you had traveled somewhere and it changed your
perspective on life
4. Was there ever a language you hadn't learned but wished you had?
5. Talk about a movie everyone had seen, but you hadn't watched it until recently.
6. Mention a skill or hobby you hadn't picked up during school days that you regret
not learning.
7. Had you ever visited Europe before your 25th birthday?
8. Had she already started her new job when you last spoke to her?
9. By the time you graduated high school, had you already decided on your career
path?
10. Before moving to this city, had you ever lived on your own?
11. Had they ever been to an amusement park before that family trip last summer?

Complete the sentences using the Past Perfect form of the verbs in parentheses.

Affirmative:
1. She ___ (finish) her assignment when her friends called her.
2. By the time he arrived, the party ___ (already/start).
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3. They ___ (live) in London before they moved to New York.

Negative:
1. I ___ (never/be) to a concert until last night.
2. She was surprised by the test questions because she ___ (not/study).
3. Although he's traveled widely, he ___ (never/see) the Northern Lights.

Interrogative:
1. ___ (you/visit) the museum before it closed?
2. ___ (she/cook) dinner when you got home?
3. Where ___ (they/live) before moving to this neighborhood?
 # VIDEO

Moment 1: The teacher selects an advanced level video (interviews, news, etc.) and the
students must watch it directly, without pauses. The goal is to see how much the student can
understand from a video without interruptions to ask questions.

Moment 2: The student must report what he saw and understood from the video presented.

Moment 3: With the teacher, the student reviews the video and expresses his doubts
regarding vocabulary, grammar, etc.

Moment 4: Debate on the video viewed.

Direitos reservados - Do Zero à Proficiência