TU
Code No: 246AD R17
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
B. Pharmacy III Year II Semester Examinations, November/December - 2020
H
BIOPHARMACEUTICS AND PHARMACOKINETICS
Time: 2 Hours Max. Marks: 75
U
Answer any five questions
All questions carry equal marks
---
SE
1. Elaborate the relation between drug protein binding and the following.
a) Blood flow b) physicochemical properties of drugs. [7+8]
D
2.a) Relate the protein binding with volume distribution (Vd).
b) Discuss the about passive transport of drugs through GIT. [7+8]
PA
3.a) Relate the Partition coefficient of drug with tissue permeability of drugs.
b) Discuss the effect of protein binding on renal elimination of drugs. [8+7]
4.a) Differentiate between absolute and relative bioavailability. How do you measure the
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bioavailability?
b) Explain how pH of urine effects the tubular reabsorption process in renal elimination.
[8+7]
R
5. What are pharmacokinetic models and explain the objective behind their development
and assumptions made during their development. [15]
S
6. How do you calculate Ka, KE from plasma and urinary excretion data explain one
method. [15]
O
7. What is the apparent volume of distribution, and why are there so many different
volumes of distribution? [15]
C
8. Discuss the various causes of non-linearity in ADME process with suitable examples.
TO
[15]
---ooOoo---
BE
R
Code No: 246AD R17
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
B. Pharmacy III Year II Semester Examinations, July - 2023
BIOPHARMACEUTICS AND PHARMACOKINETICS
Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks: 75
Note: i) Question paper consists of Part A, Part B.
ii) Part A is compulsory, which carries 25 marks. In Part A, answer all questions.
iii) In Part B, Answer any one question from each unit. Each question carries 10 marks
us
and may have a, b as sub questions.
PART – A
ed
(25 Marks)
1.a) Write about the influence of food on drug absorption. [2]
b) A drug is highly protein bound. Comment on this. [3]
pa
c) Define renal clearance. [2]
d) Write the principle of trapezoidal rule. [3]
e) Define ‘compartment’ and mention its specific advantages. [2]
f) Write about mean residence time. [3]
pe
g) Give two important assumptions of two compartment model. [2]
h) What are the drawbacks of method of residuals in two compartment model? [3]
i) Define non linear kinetics and give one example. [2]
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j) Why phase I reactions are called as functionalization reactions. [3]
PART – B
ul
(50 Marks)
2. Discuss how the absorption is influenced by the physico-chemical properties of drug
y/
citing suitable examples. [10]
OR
Au
3. Discuss the clinical significance of protein binding and write about different protein
binding sites. [10]
4. Enumerate the role of non renal routes of excretion citing suitable examples. [10]
g-
OR
5.a) Explain the in vitro and in vivo correlations methods.
b) Write about methods for enhancing the bioavailability. [5+5]
2 02
6. Mention the advantages of urinary excretion studies for pharmacokinetics calculations?
Explain excretion rate method. What are its limitations? [10]
OR
7. Explain the calculation of pharmacokinetic parameters using intravenous bolus
3
injection using one compartment model. [10]
8. Explain Loo-Riegelman method for calculation of absorption rate constant. [10]
OR
9. Explain one compartment open model with repetitive extravascular dosing. [10]
10. Explain double reciprocal plot for calculation of Km and Vmax. Mention its limitations?
[10]
OR
11. Explain the synthetic reactions of biotransformation citing suitable examples. [10]
---ooOoo---
us
ed
pa
pe
rJ
ul
y/
Au
g-
2 02
3
Code No: 246AD R17
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
B. Pharmacy III Year II Semester Examinations, July - 2023
BIOPHARMACEUTICS AND PHARMACOKINETICS
Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks: 75
Note: i) Question paper consists of Part A, Part B.
ii) Part A is compulsory, which carries 25 marks. In Part A, answer all questions.
iii) In Part B, Answer any one question from each unit. Each question carries 10 marks
us
and may have a, b as sub questions.
PART – A
ed
(25 Marks)
1.a) Write about the influence of food on drug absorption. [2]
b) A drug is highly protein bound. Comment on this. [3]
pa
c) Define renal clearance. [2]
d) Write the principle of trapezoidal rule. [3]
e) Define ‘compartment’ and mention its specific advantages. [2]
f) Write about mean residence time. [3]
pe
g) Give two important assumptions of two compartment model. [2]
h) What are the drawbacks of method of residuals in two compartment model? [3]
i) Define non linear kinetics and give one example. [2]
rJ
j) Why phase I reactions are called as functionalization reactions. [3]
PART – B
ul
(50 Marks)
2. Discuss how the absorption is influenced by the physico-chemical properties of drug
y/
citing suitable examples. [10]
OR
Au
3. Discuss the clinical significance of protein binding and write about different protein
binding sites. [10]
4. Enumerate the role of non renal routes of excretion citing suitable examples. [10]
g-
OR
5.a) Explain the in vitro and in vivo correlations methods.
b) Write about methods for enhancing the bioavailability. [5+5]
2 02
6. Mention the advantages of urinary excretion studies for pharmacokinetics calculations?
Explain excretion rate method. What are its limitations? [10]
OR
7. Explain the calculation of pharmacokinetic parameters using intravenous bolus
3
injection using one compartment model. [10]
8. Explain Loo-Riegelman method for calculation of absorption rate constant. [10]
OR
9. Explain one compartment open model with repetitive extravascular dosing. [10]
10. Explain double reciprocal plot for calculation of Km and Vmax. Mention its limitations?
[10]
OR
11. Explain the synthetic reactions of biotransformation citing suitable examples. [10]
---ooOoo---
us
ed
pa
pe
rJ
ul
y/
Au
g-
2 02
3
N
Code No: 246AD R17
TU
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
B. Pharmacy III Year II Semester Examinations, July -2021
BIOPHARMACEUTICS AND PHARMACOKINETICS
Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks: 75
H
Answer any five questions
All questions carry equal marks
---
U
1.a) Discuss the significance of protein binding in clinical outcome of drugs.
SE
b) Analyze the mechanism of absorption of hydrophilic drugs through GIT. [7+8]
2. Plot a plasma concentration time profile after oral administration and identify Cmax,
tmax, therapeutic window, duration of action and onset of action in the plot and define.
D
[15]
3. Explain the mechanism of renal drug elimination in detail. [15]
PA
4. Discuss about:
a) in-vitro drug dissolution models b) in-vitro, in-vivo correlations. [8+7]
PE
5. Discuss the advantages and limitations of:
a) compartment models b) Physiologic models. [8+7]
6. What is steady –state concentration? Derive the equation for intravenous Bolus
R
injection. Write all equations related to IV Bolus. [15]
Justify the necessary of loading dose when placing a patient on a multiple –dose-
S
7.
Regimen? What are the determining factors for it? [15]
JU
8. Explain time dependent non-linearity in pharmacokinetics with suitable examples. [15]
---ooOoo---
LY
20
21
Code No: 246AD R17
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
B. Pharmacy III Year II Semester Examinations, February/March - 2022
BIOPHARMACEUTICS AND PHARMACOKINETICS
Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks: 75
Answer any five questions
U
All questions carry equal marks
---
se
1.a) Explain any four mechanisms of drug absorption.
b) Explain the dosage form factors affecting absorption. [8+7]
d
2.a) Explain any four physiological barriers to drug distribution.
b) Explain the patient related factors affecting protein binding of drugs. [8+7]
pa
3.a) Explain any two phase-II reactions of drug metabolism.
b) Explain the principal processes in kidney to determine the excretion of drug. [8+7]
pe
4.a) Define absolute and relative bio-availability.
b) Explain the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics for assessment of bioavailability.
[5+10]
rs
5. Give an account indicating the applications and limitations of physiologic
pharmacokinetic models. [15]
M
6.a) Explain the pharmacodynamics parameters in the plasma drug concentration time profile.
b) Explain Open one compartment model with IV bolus administration.
ar
c) Illustrate a flip-flop of absorption rate constant. [4+8+3]
ch
7. Explain the pharmacokinetic aspects pertaining to:
a) Multiple dose injections
b) Multiple dosages oral administration [7+8]
22
8.a) Explain detail the cause of non-linearity in pharmacokinetics
b) Describe the Michaelis-Menten equation and explain its three different forms based on
the rate of process. [8+7]
---ooOoo---
Code No: 246AD R17
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
B. Pharmacy III Year II Semester Examinations, February - 2023
BIOPHARMACEUTICS AND PHARMACOKINETICS
JN
Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks: 75
Note: i) Question paper consists of Part A, Part B.
ii) Part A is compulsory, which carries 25 marks. In Part A, Answer all questions.
TU
iii) In Part B, Answer any one question from each unit. Each question carries 10 marks
and may have a, b as sub questions.
PART – A
H
(25 Marks)
1.a) List out the different Mechanisms of drug absorption through GIT. [2]
b) Explain the factors affecting the protein drug binding. [3]
U
c) Write the objective of Bioavailability studies. [2]
d) Write about Absolute Bioavailability. [3]
se
e) What is MRT and define it. [2]
f) Write about Biological half-life and its significance. [3]
g) What are the factors that determine the number of compartments for a given drug? [2]
d
h) Write equation and write importance of Vd. [3]
i) Define non-linear kinetics. [2]
j) Quote simple tests by which non-linear kinetics can be detected in a rate process. [3]
pa
PART – B
(50 Marks)
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2. Explain pH partition theory along with its limitations. [10]
OR
3.a) Explain the role of Blood Brain Barrier in drug distribution to the brain.
rs
b) Explain about plasma protein binding and its effect on drug distribution. [5+5]
4. Write about Phase-I Metabolic reaction with examples. [10]
20
OR
5. Write about Level-I and Level-II Invitro- In vivo correlations. [10]
6. Explain the Methods used to calculate various Pharmacokinetic parameters from the
23
Urinary Data when the drug follows one compartment kinetics. [10]
OR
7.a) Write about physiological Model.
b) Write the Advantages of Compartment models. [5+5]
8. Explain the phenomenon of drug accumulation during multiple doses. [10]
OR
9. Give the equation for calculating plasma concentration, CSS and Cavg following repeated
oral dose administration. [10]
10. How do you estimate the values of Km and Vmax in patients? [10]
OR
11. Explain the reasons why we are getting Non-linearity in ADME of the drugs in the
body with examples. [10]
JN
---ooOoo---
TU
H
U
se
d
pa
pe
rs
20
23
Code No: 246AD R17
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
B. Pharmacy III Year II Semester Examinations, August/September -2021
JN
BIOPHARMACEUTICS AND PHARMACOKINETICS
Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks: 75
Answer any five questions
TU
All questions carry equal marks
---
1. Explain the physico-chemical factors influencing drug absorption through gastro
intestinal tract. [15]
H
2. Explain in brief the mechanisms of drug absorption with examples. [15]
U
3. Discuss about renal excretion of drugs and write the factors affecting renal excretion of
drugs. [15]
se
4. Enumerate the non renal routes of excretion of drugs. [15]
d
5. Explain one compartment open model-intravenous injection with derivation. [15]
6. Write a note on pharmacokinetic models. [15]
pa
7. Explain multiple-dosage regimens in relation to repititive intravenous injections one
compartment open model. [15]
pe
8. Elaborate michaelis-menton methods of estimation of pharmacokinetic parameters. [15]
rs
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ct
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1
