Basic ISO Programming Exercise 3

Turning

This document is made available as a preliminary version (draft).

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Table of Contents

1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................... 3
2 Defining the contours ........................................................................................................................ 5
2.1 Linear interpolation............................................................................................................................ 5
2.2 Circular interpolation ......................................................................................................................... 6
3 Tool radius compensation ................................................................................................................. 8
3.1 Roughing cycles .............................................................................................................................. 11
3.2 Header information.......................................................................................................................... 12
4 Roughing cycle................................................................................................................................ 15
5 Set up stock dimensions and tools.................................................................................................. 28
5.1 Stock setup ..................................................................................................................................... 28
5.2 Tool setup ....................................................................................................................................... 30

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1 Introduction

See below a drawing of the Housing with a taper bore. We will work through the programming using ISO G
code to prepare a program to machine the outside profile, drill and bore the taper inside profile.

ISO G code is used by many CNC control manufactures and the main groups of G codes for move
commands, unit designation, orientation of axis, spindle speeds, rates of feed are generally the same. Some
other G codes may differ from one CNC control to another. The G codes and programming principles used
here will be generally in line with Fanuc, Siemens, Haas, Fagor and other CNC controls.

We are using this part as drawn above to create a CNC programming tutorial for turning and boring the part
only. The programming will be broken down into sections and then we will add the stock blank size and the
individual tools to achieve a graphic Backplot that will give a true indication of the operation on the machine.

CNC PROGRAMMING SECTIONS

1. Rough turn the outside profile

2. UDrill the bore
3. Rough bore the inside profile
4. Finish turn the outside profile
5. Finish bore the inside profile.

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We will consider programming the outside profile first. When programming the part, we will use the drawing
dimensions to describe the tool path. The program will be made up of line by line (block by block is the term
used) information that will comprise straight lines and arcs. The basic move commands that make up Group
1, ISO programming instructions are modal commands. This means that after a block with one of these
commands, following blocks with X, Y, coordinates positioning moves will be carried out in the same mode.
The commands are as follows:

1. G00 – Straight line moves at rapid speed (On some machines this move is made in a vector line and
on others a 45-degree move is followed by a single axis move to achieve the final programmed
position). This is a modal command.

2. G01 – Linear interpolation blocks will be carried out in linear vectored moves at the feed rate
programmed. This is a modal command.

3. G02 – Circular interpolation clockwise moves at the feed rate programmed. This is a modal
command.

4. G03 - Circular interpolation counterclockwise moves at the feed rate programmed. This is a modal
command.

See the diagram below that has the external and internal profile broken down to the points on the profile
where elements start and finish. The programming X and Z zero point is shown by the checkered circle in the
original drawing so the dimensions for the external and internal profile will be in the X+, Z- quadrant.

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2 Defining the contours

So let us begin entering points on this profile directly into the Editor.

2.1 Linear interpolation

The linear interpolation points are very easy to enter. If we have only one axis command X or Z on a line,
then a move in a straight line in that axis will take place. If we have and X and a Z on the same line with a G1
or G01 prefix, (G1 or G01 is the same command, the CNC will interpret either) then a linear interpolation will
take place with both axis moving in a direct accurate vector to finish together at the commanded positions at
a feed rate as designated in the block or in an earlier block as feed is also modal. Enter the first few lines of
linear moves, see below:

Select Editor and New to open

a new text edit page for Comments in brackets will
programming. Commence be ignored by the CNC
entering the points on the control. See the starting
profile using X, Y, Cartesian blocks with the linear
coordinates.

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2.2 Circular interpolation
After point 3 comes a circular interpolation move and more information is required for the CNC control to
carry out this move. We have already entered the start point 3 and we are going to point 4 in a clockwise
direction the block will start

G2 X75. Z-30.

The CNC control must have the arc centre fixed to be able to interpolate this move. The arc centre is fixed
generally by its coordinates from the start point. The arc centre coordinates have the designation I for X and
K for Z. So, from the start point the I and K are entered as incremental coordinates as below.

G2 X75. Z-30. I5. K0

Note that the I dimension is +5. and remember that arc centers are incremental from the start position and as
I = X arc centre then I = 5. (a positive sign is not needed) Note that K = 0. which is the position of the arc
centre on the Z axis from the start position of the move. The CNC Control now has all the information to make
this circular move.

Note!! It is also possible to use radius designation instead of I & K but then the maximin arc is 180 degrees.
Although there are some CNC controls that prefer only I & K arc centre designations. Some CNC controls
permit the use of arc centre designation from the absolute zero position rather than incrementally from the
start point but here we will use I & K from start point as this method is generally acceptable and will
concentrate the student’s attention on the structure of the profile. When programming a specific CNC
machine, the CNC control programming manual may need to be referred to.

Carry on with the coordinate entry in the editor. After three more simple straight-line moves, we come to
another circular interpolation between point 7 & 8. It is a clockwise move again so a G2 move, and we will be
at the start position going to the end position at point 8.

G2 X124. Z-80.

From the part drawing and from the start position looking at the drawing above:

I = 2. (The arc centre is a + figure from the start point)

K = 0 (The arc center lays at 0 (zero) on the Z axis)

The completed block will read.

G2 X124. Z-80. I2. K0

Don’t forget that the move commands are modal. Therefore, we must go back to linear interpolation (G1) to
continue with the profile if the next block is a linear move. See below how your profile should look.

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 We set the tool 1 mm in front of
Z0 to have a clean path into the
profile, therefore the start
diameter is 55 mm not 57 mm

Check your profile blocks with

the drawing and the point-by-
point diagram.

We can now test the profile with Backplot and if it is correct then it will look like this

Further reminder - do not forget to change from circular to linear from element to element as the profile
changes.

All group 1, move commands are modal e.g., after a G2 block if you were to enter X Z coordinate the CNC
control will still try to move circular unless you place a G01 at the start of the block to define that this move is
now linear.

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3 Tool radius compensation

Now we have a profile that is working we should apply tool radius compensation to the profile but before
doing this let’s look at Radius compensation on CNC Lathes and why we need it. The diagrams below
illustrate the problem.

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Having established to need for radius compensation we will look at how to introduce it so the CNC control
can look ahead and correct the path to achieve an accurate profile.

There are G commands that will activate an offset path as follows:

G40 - Cancel Radius Offset Compensation

G41 - Activate a Radius Compensation to the left in the direction of travel.

G42 - Activate a Radius Compensation to the right in the direction of travel.

We now need to apply these G codes, but the CNC control needs more information about the size of offset
path. In the Tool Offset table, the insert radius is entered along with the Tool location code. See below

From the drawing we can see the direction of travel along the outside profile is toward the chuck so the path
will be compensated to the right in the direction of travel therefore we will edit G42, into the CNC program
profile at the correct block, and the tool insert radius is acting in location T3 see diagram above. Both insert
radius and T location code will be entered into the Tool offset table.

From the drawing we can see the direction of travel along the inside of the bore profile is toward the chuck so
the path will be compensated to the left in the direction of travel therefore we will edit G41, into the CNC
program profile at the correct block and the tool insert radius is acting in location T2 see diagram above. Both
insert radius and T location code will be entered into the Tool offset table.

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Continue

(EXTERNAL PROFILE)
See G42 inserted in the profile to
N1 G0 G42 X55. Z1. (POINT 1) activate Radius compensation.
G1 X65. Z-4. F.25(POINT 2)

Z-25. (POINT 3)

G2 X75. Z-30. I5. K0(POINT 4)

G1 X92.5 (POINT 5)

X120. Z-60. (POINT 6)

Z-78. (POINT 7)

G2 X124. Z-80. I2. K0 (POINT 8)

N2 G1 G40 X133. (POINT 9)

See G40 to cancel Radius
Compensation
At this stage we do not have an internal profile but use the same principles to activate radius compensation
on the bore profile.

Programming good practice is to layout a block in order. This will help you see the problems when snagging a
program for bugs. e.g.

N155 G01 X150. Y210.25 F200 M03 S1000

If you use block numbers put them first, G code command next, then X,Y,Z,
coordinates in order, Feed rate commands next then M,S,T commands.

It is possible to have all these commands in one block or as few as a single

command in a block and some machine tool builders permit more than one M
code in a block, some others do not.

We now have a working profile, and we can insert lines to create space above the profile as we will be using
this profile programming later.

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We will need to face the stock before we attempt to machine the profile to establish the front face at Z0. Any
excess material on the face could cause collision problems. This simple operation can be programmed
directly into the Editor, but most CNC controls have a facing cycle that can be set to take multiple facing cuts.

This G99 code is for Feed in mm/rev. The Backplot graphics

uses this code to control the speed of the graphics.

(With Fanuc G Code, A or Haas, G99 = Feed in mm/rev)

(With Fanuc G Code, B or C, G95 = Feed in mm/rev)

See simple programming of a roughing and

finishing facing cut.

Note that the tool is programmed to an X

position below the centre to ensure that the
insert radius does not leave a small point at
the central position.

See Backplot of
facing cuts

There are some differences with ISO G code as this system has evolved for the early days of NC. It is
important to know on a specific CNC machine what G code system is in operation and there may be some
slight edits to make if you wish to run a CNC program on more than one machine. All CNC machines will
have a programming manual and you may need to refer to it. We will use here Fanuc code A which will also
be generally acceptable on Haas CNC machine. The Cimco Editor can be set Fanuc code A, B, C, so that
Backplot knows how to interpret the G code. At the end of this tutorial, you will find a chart showing the
difference between A, B, C.

3.1 Roughing cycles

It is not generally possible to machine a profile with one cut and several cuts is usually required to rough out
the bar stock to the finished profile. Most CNC controls have cycles that will carry out the operation using the
cut depth that has been set in the cycle and the finish profile program to generate the final shape. See
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diagram below. In Fanuc CNC controls the Cycle for this type of operation is G71 for removal of material by
traversing in the Z axis with incremental cuts in the X axis and is supported in the NC-Assistant macro in the
Cimco Editor and Backplot, see below.

Bur before we can program the cycle, we need to look at other instructions the CNC control will need to carry
out this operation.

Nearly all CNC programs are made up of several operations using a variety of tools to complete the
machining work to the drawing of the part. Each tool should be treated as an individual program and will
comprise a header, the machining details, and a trailer. The header will contain the information to introduce
the tool, to activate the spindle and the coolant, activate the tool offset and move the tool into position for
machining. The machining details will be made up of the coordinate moves or canned cycles set at the
correct feed rate to remove the material. The trailer will move the tool to a safe position and de-activate the
spindle and coolant etc.

3.2 Header information

Now, we must introduce a tool and enter blocks that will put the tool in the spindle and position the tool to
commence the machining operation. Every time we start with a new tool, we need to create the header
blocks prior to the machining blocks. It is possible to create a header macro for a specific machine and we
will cover that in a later tutorial but here we have developed a general header macro using Fanuc G code A
for a general CNC Lathe. See explanations below:
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 Header, see explanations
below

Facing operation
previously programmed.

% ;Program Start

O0620 (TURN & BORE TAPER HOUSING) ;Program number & Description comment

G00 G18 G21 G99 G40 ;Set up safe default G codes

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 G00 Move at rapid

G18 Main interpolation axes X, Z.

G21 Metric coordinates

G99 Feed in mm/rev

G40 Cancel tool radius compensation

G50 S2000 ;Set max spindle speed in CSS (Constant Surface Speed)

G28 U0 W0 ; Move to machine home for safety

G54 ;Activate the main Work Offset to establish Z0

G97 S300 M03 ;Start the spindle forward at fixed 300 rpm

(FACE & TURN CNMG) ;Tool description comment

T0101 ;Tool Call T01 will index the turret, 01 will activate the offset

G0 X137. Z3. ; Move to the start position at rapid

G96 S160 ; Engage CSS at 160 meters/min

To insert a Header, see below:

Set the cursor in the correct position.

From the NC-Assistant menu select

General Programming

Click Program Start

``

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 4 Roughing cycle

Now we have a profile. A header and facing blocks and we can proceed to include the roughing cycle. You
will notice that we left 0.75 mm on the X diameter and 0.15 on the Z face so a finishing operation.

G71 Entry window

Select the General Programming

Menu and find the G71 Stock
removal, click to open the window

Set the cursor in the

correct position

Asterisk * Indicates optional

entry, quite a few of the
G71 comes in two forms,
entries have already been
we have used the 2-line
established in the Header.
form.
See the entries to suit our
part.

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See the insertion from completing the window entries:
G71 Cycle format.

M30 is the ISO code for end of

programs, reset and rewind to the start

See the profile is set outside the main

program and will be called into use from
the cycle by the start and finish block
numbers

If we now add the block to return the tool to the home position (G28 U0 W0) and add program end M30! Then
test with Backplot!

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 So, we now need the next operation to UDrill a hole through the Stock blank. We need a new operation and
will use the Tool Change macro in the General Programming. This will terminate to the first operation and
create a header for the next operation.

Tool Change Window

From General Programming

menu in NC-Assistant select
Tool Change

Complete the entries click OK and the result is shown

here.

The last two blocks have been added to program the

UDrill to penetrate the Stock and to return to the start.

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The next section of programming is to rough out the bore profiles and this is achieved using the same cycle
but first we need an internal profile. See the diagram below ad the internal points 1 to 4

We need to start clear

of Z0 in fresh air at
say Z1. So that we
create a clean entry to
the profile

We need a Point 5 to
end the profile at X29.

You may want to develop the profile on a separate text page in the editor and test with Backplot then cut and
paste back to your main program page. The main program should be saved at this point or even earlier. See
profile and Backplot test below for the internal profile of the taper bore.

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 Notice we have added block numbers
N3 and N4 at the start and finish of the
profile to use in the G71 cycle.

We can make a small adjustment to the profile to leave the grinding allowance on the taper section of the
profile. The corrected lengths should leave a sufficient on the taper section.

(INTERNAL PROFILE)

N3 G0 G41 X45. Z1. ; we have added the G41 to activate radius compensation

G1 X39.8 Z-1.5 F.2 ; reduced the finish start diameter by 40-0.2 mm = 39.8

X32. Z-58.2 ;reduced the Z end point by 60-1.8 = 58.2

Z-122.

N4 G40 X29 ; we have added G40 to deactivate radius compensation.

The internal profile has been set out from largest diameter to smallest, so it is the opposite to the external
profile.

The G71 Cycle needs further information to work on an internal profile see the chart below showing the
designation that will control the cycle in this respect.

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 For roughing a
Bore U-

You will notice that the top left diagram shows that U and W are positive for the direction of the profile we
programmed and that is the designation we used for roughing the outside profile.

Now we are going to rough the internal profile which is shown bottom left diagram and the U value should be
negative (U-xx)

We can now program roughing of the internal profile with G71 Cycle as we know that for it to work, we need
to have a negative U value. But first a tool change, see below:

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Complete the Tool
Change entries in the
window and click OK

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Add the G71 Roughing Cycle

Select G71 from the

General Machining group.
Complete the details as
shown here and click OK
to enter

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See Backplot results

Taper bore roughing

We can now add the finishing cut for the external profile. Use Tool Change macro see below

Complete entries

See the roughing and finishing cuts

Position cursor here.

Click Tool Change

to open the window
Position the tool in the
correct X position to
comply with the profile in
this case X130.
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Inserted text after clicking OK now to add the finishing cycle

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Open the Finishing macro window see below

Complete by adding the

profile block numbers,
click OK

Select G70 macro to open

window

Position cursor here

See the resulting Backplot below

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 See internal section using a
finishing boring bar. Note the
start position is X30.

End of program and reset.

See profile descriptions are
outside the main program.

Repeat the process for the finishing cut to the internal profile

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 The resulting tool path Backplot shows
the finishing cuts that have just been
programmed.

So far, we have been using the tool path Backplot to test out program. We can now add the details of Stock
and Tools to achieve a 3D solid Backplot to give a true representation of the material being removed as it will
happen on the CNC machine.

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5 Set up stock dimensions and tools

To enable the Backplot to show the cutter path accurately and how the material removal will look on the CNC
machine, we need to set up the stock material size and the tools. Then Backplot shows the metal removal to
our program commands.

5.1 Stock setup

From the macro group

selection click on Stock
Material

Continued below

See Here above the Menu of NC-Assistant Groups.

General Programming - for all the regular basic programming features.

Stock Material – to establish the stock size of the part being machined

Basic Turning Tools- for the list of tools to be defined in your program.

System A, B, C, - for a comprehensive list the G and M codes used in

Fanuc and Haas CNC controls.

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Position the cursor here

Click the Cylindrical Stock

to open the window

Complete the
entries and click
OK

Resulting entry

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5.2 Tool setup
To enable the Backplotting of our program we must select the correct tool as we would on the CNC machine.
There is a simple tool list setup in NC-Assistant.

Set cursor here

Select Basic Turning Tools from

macro group list

Tool number 1 is to turn and face the bar and an 80 degree rhomboid shaped insert will do both jobs

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 Set the cursor here

Click the turn & Face tool

to open the window,
Enter the tool number
and use the default
radius but you have the
option to change it.
Click OK

Resulting entry

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Tool 2 to UDrill an 30 mm hole through the stock

Resulting insertion

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Tool 3 Rough out the internal taper profile

Resulting insertion

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Tool 4 Finish turn the outside profile

Resulting insertion

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Tool 5 Finish bore the internal taper profile

Resulting insertion

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We can now test the whole program with Backplot but first tidy up the program to remove unwanted empty
lines but we suggest the an empty line is left after every M01 so that is easy to see the end of each section.

We have one more important item to check!!

IMPORTANT

At the right-hand side of the Backplot

window select Simulation and make sure
that radius compensation is enabled

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Backplot is now showing the whole program. If to wish to manipulate the image see the notes below. If you
want to run the program, click the triangular button under the Backplot window. If you would like to run it
again then place the cursor at the top of the program and press Zoom / Regenerate solid button in the main
ribbon.

To control the image in the Backplot window note the following:

Left Mouse Push button to Rotate the image

Right Mouse Push button to Pan the image

Mouse Wheel to Zoom the image

Here is a copy of the main program complete with a few tidy up comments:

%
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O0620 (TURN & BORE TAPER HOUSING)

(STOCK TURN OD132 ID0 L123 PZ3)

(WCS ID1 X0 Y0 Z0)

( LTOOL 1 "ISO_TURNING" INSERT=C STYLE=L AO0 CR0.8 CPI=T3 FHD4.5 FW32 HL35 HAT80
ICD11.818 US=UM O=OL LS100 SW25 EL12 UHW8.66 )

( LTOOL 2 "ISO_LATHE_DRILLING" INSERT=COMMON STYLE=S AO90 BL150 CPI=T8 D30 FL20

US=UM AD30 LS80 SW25 SD30 SL25 TL0 AT179 )

( LTOOL 3 "ISO_BORING" INSERT=C STYLE=L AO90 CR0.8 CPI=T2 FHD4.4 FW22 HL32 HAT80 ICD9.53
US=UM O=OL DMM19 LS168 EL9.677 UHW8.66 )

( LTOOL 4 "ISO_TURNING" INSERT=D STYLE=H1 AO0 CR0.8 CPI=T3 FHD4.5 FW32 HL35 HW27
ICD9.83 US=UM O=OL LS100 SW25 EL12 UHW16 )

( LTOOL 5 "ISO_BORING" INSERT=D STYLE=Q AO90 CR0.8 CPI=T1 DO5 FHD4.5 FW18 HL30 HAT55
ICD9.53 US=UM O=OL DMM25 LS200 EL11.634 UHW30 )

(--------------------------)

(FACE AND TURN OUTSIDE PROFILE)

G00 G18 G21 G99 G40

G50 S2000

G28 U0. W0.

G54

G97 S300 M03

(FACE & TURN CNMG 80 DEG)

T0101

G0 X133. Z3.

G96 S160

(FACING)

G0 X137. Z3.

G1 Z.5 F1.

X-1.6 F.2

G0 Z2.

X133.

Z0

G1 X-1.6
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G0 Z2.

X130.

(ROUGH TURN PROFILE)

G71 U2. R.5

G71 F.2 P1 Q2 U1. W.15

G28 U0 W0

M01

(UDRILL 30 MM THROUGH)

G00 G18 G21 G99 G40

G50 2000

G28 U0 W0

G54

G97 S400 M03

(30MM UDRILL)

T0202

G0 X0. Z3.

G97 S1000

G1 Z-122. F.12

G0 Z2.

G28 U0 W0

M01

(ROUGH PROFILE THE BORE)

G00 G18 G21 G99 G40

G50 2000

G28 U0 W0

G54

G97 S400 M03

(BORING BAR 90 DEG INSERT)

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T0303

G0 X30. Z1.

G96 S180

G71 U2. R.5

G71 F.2 P3 Q4 U-.5 W.15

G28 U0 W0

M01

(FINISH TURN OUTSIDE PROFILE)

G00 G18 G21 G99 G40

G50 2000

G28 U0 W0

G54

G97 S400 M03

(PROFILE TURNING TOOL 55 DEG INSERT)

T0404

G0 X130. Z1.

G96 S180

G70 P1 Q2

G28 U0 W0

M01

(FINISH BORE INTERNAL PROFILE)

G00 G18 G21 G99 G40

G50 2000

G28 U0 W0

G54

G97 S400 M03

(FINISH BORING BAR 55 DEG INSERT)

T0505

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G0 X30. Z1.

G96 S180

G70 P3 Q4

G28 U0 W0

M30

(EXTERNAL PROFILE)

N1 G0 G42 X55. Z1. (POINT 1)

G1 X65. Z-4. F.25(POINT 2)

Z-25. (POINT 3)

G2 X75. Z-30. I5. K0(POINT 4)

G1 X92.5 (POINT 5)

X120. Z-60. (POINT 6)

Z-78. (POINT 7)

G2 X124. Z-80. I2. K0 (POINT 8)

N2 G1 G40 X133. (POINT 9)

(INTERNAL PROFILE)

N3 G0 X45. Z1.

G1 X40. Z-1.5 F.2

X32. Z-60.

Z-122.

N4 X30.

41 / 43

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Copenhagen, Denmark Fax: +45 45 85 60 53 info@[Link]
 Table 3 G code list (1/2)
G code
Group Function
A B C
G00 G00 G00 Positioning (Rapid traverse)
G01 G01 G01 Linear interpolation (Cutting feed)
01
G02 G02 G02 Circular interpolation/Helical interpolation CW
G03 G03 G03 Circular interpolation/Helical interpolation CCW
G04 G04 G04 Dwell
G10 G10 G10 00 Data setting
G11 G11 G11 Data setting made cancel
G17 G17 G17 XpYp plane selection
G18 G18 G18 16 ZpXp plane selection
G19 G19 G19 YpZp plane selection
G20 G20 G70 Input in inch
06
G21 G21 G71 Input in mm
G27 G27 G27 Reference position return check
G28 G28 G28 Return to reference position
00
G30 G30 G30 2nd reference position return
G31 G31 G31 Skip function
G32 G33 G33 01 Thread cutting
G40 G40 G40 Tool nose radius compensation cancel
G41 G41 G41 07 Tool nose radius compensation left
G42 G42 G42 Tool nose radius compensation right
G50 G92 G92 00 Coordinate system setting, max. spindle speed setting
G52 G52 G52 Local coordinate system setting
00
G53 G53 G53 Machine coordinate system setting
G54 G54 G54 Workpiece coordinate system 1 selection
G55 G55 G55 Workpiece coordinate system 2 selection
G56 G56 G56 Workpiece coordinate system 3 selection
14
G57 G57 G57 Workpiece coordinate system 4 selection
G58 G58 G58 Workpiece coordinate system 5 selection
G59 G59 G59 Workpiece coordinate system 6 selection
G65 G65 G65 00 Macro command
G70 G70 G72 Finishing cycle (Other than 0–GCD)
G71 G71 G73 Stock removal in turning (Other than 0–GCD)
G72 G72 G74 Stock removal in facing (Other than 0–GCD)
G73 G73 G75 Pattern repeating (Other than 0–GCD)
00
G74 G74 G76 End face peck drilling (Other than 0–GCD)
Outer diameter/internal diameter drilling
G75 G75 G77
(Other than 0–GCD)
G76 G76 G78 Multiple threading cycle (Other than 0–GCD)

42 / 43

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Copenhagen, Denmark Fax: +45 45 85 60 53 info@[Link]
 Table 3 G code list (2/2)
G code
Group Function
A B C
G71 G71 G72 Traverse grinding cycle (For 0–GCD)
Traverse direct constant–dimension grinding cycle
G72 G72 G73
01 (For 0–GCD)
G73 G73 G74 Oscillation grinding cycle (For 0–GCD)
Oscillation direct constant–dimension grinding cycle
G74 G74 G75
(For 0–GCD)
G90 G77 G20 Outer diameter/internal diameter cutting cycle
G92 G78 G21 01 Thread cutting cycle
G94 G79 G24 End face turning cycle
G96 G96 G96 Constant surface speed programming
02
G97 G97 G97 Direct rpm speed programming
G98 G94 G94 Per minute feed
05
G99 G95 G95 Per revolution feed
¾ G90 G90 Absolute programming
03
¾ G91 G91 Incremental programming
¾ G98 G98 Return to initial level
11
¾ G99 G99 Return to R point level

43