REPORT ON

DYNAMIC GROUND WATER RESOURCES

OF KARNATAKA 2024

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193 187
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147 144
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100 88 84 81
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GROUND WATER DEPARTMENT CENTRAL GROUND WATER BOARD

Directorate Office, Bengaluru South Western Region, Bengaluru
Department of Minor Irrigation, Department of WR, RD & GR
GOVERNMENT OF KARNATAKA Ministry of Jal Shakti, Govt. of India

March 2025
DYNAMIC GROUND WATER RESOURCES OF KARNATAKA,
2024

Bengaluru
March, 2025
 टी. एस. अनीता श्याम भारत सरकार
सदस्य (दक्षिण) जल शक्ति मंत्रालय
T. S. Anitha Shyam जल संसाधन, नदी विकास और गंगा संरक्षण विभाग
Member (South) केन्द्रीय भूमि जल बोर्ड
Government of India
Ministry of Jal Shakti
Dept. of Water Resources, RD & GR
Central Ground Water Board

Message

Groundwater plays an important role in the Nation's economic growth and forms a vital component of our
ecological system. India’s agricultural productivity, industrial output, and domestic water supply are heavily reliant
on groundwater. However, rising water demands have led to excessive groundwater extraction in many parts of
India, exceeding the annual replenishment leading to decline in groundwater level. A thorough assessment of this
hidden resources is essential for developing strategies for management and regulatory measures. Since 2022, it
has been decided to carry out the estimation of the Dynamic Groundwater Resources of the nation every year to
provide the planners, decision makers and all stakeholders with reliable data/information for taking timely
measures for sustainable management of groundwater resources.

Assessment of dynamic groundwater resources of Karnataka, 2024 is based on the Groundwater Estimation
Methodology of 2015 (GEC-2015), which comprehensively factors in all relevant parameters contributing to
groundwater recharge and extraction. The Dynamic Groundwater Resource Assessment of 2024 (GWRA-2024) of
Karnataka is a collaborative effort involving both the Ground Water Directorate, Govt. of Karnataka and the
Central Ground Water Board, South Western Region, Bengaluru by utilizing the online INDIA-Ground Water
Resource Estimation System (IN-GRES) Software.

This report aims to offer valuable insights into the availability, recharge and extraction of groundwater, considering
the growing demands on water resources due to urbanization, agricultural activities, and changing climatic
conditions. Through comprehensive data collection from various State Govt. agencies and data analysis, the report
highlights critical regions facing groundwater stress and provides hotspot areas to focus attention for effective
management and conservation strategies.

I extend my heartfelt appreciation to the dedicated team of officers from Ground Water Resource Assessment
Cells of both CGWB, SWR for their significant role in compiling the state-level data and GWD, Karnataka for their
relentless efforts in conducting assessments according to the planned schedule.

The valuable contributions of the SLC members in refining the State Report of Karnataka are also acknowledged. I
hope this State level compilation will serve as useful resource for policymakers, stakeholders, and organizations
involved in the management of water resources in Karnataka to ensure the sustainability of groundwater resources
in the state.

Faridabad (T. S. Anitha Shyam)

January, 2025 Member (South)
Gentral Ground Water Board ffiTfrqmfr+,
South Western Region
Ministry of Jal Shakti, Department of Water Resources,
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River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation qeliqqqt a'4t frflq 3lh ?irn TiTqtur frerq,
Nalli Jyothi Kumar
Regional Director
STIiGT TTFFI{ Tddhgiqru
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA A-fiqfrecrtr
PREFACE
Ground water is often referred to as invisible resource, controlled by many natural factors like physio-
climatic conditions, geomorphology, topography, soils and the most important being the geology thereby
hampering its sustainable development and management. About 90%of the drinking water needs in the
rural areas, 50% of urban water needs and more than 80% of irrigation needs in our country are met by
ground water. This has put severe stress on the ground water aquifer system resulting in a declining trend
of ground water level in many parts of the country.
The ground water condition in the state of Karnataka is no different. Almost entire state is underlined by
crystalline formations except few patches of alluvium which is restricted along the coastal tract, As such
there is limited scope for storage of large quantities of ground water in these formations, besides it is also
difficult to precisely locate the ground water in these formations.
Unlike surface water the ground water is developed by individual farmers with their own financial resources
and it plays an important role in rural agrarian economy. There is a need to manage this resource in a
systematic, scientific and sustainable manner. No resource can be managed unless it is quantified. lt is
necessary to precisely estimate the available ground water resources. Central Ground Water Board
(CGWB), SWR, Bangalore and bround Water Directorate (GWD), Bangalore assessed the ground water
resources of the State of Karnataka for 2024 as per the ground water estimation committee methodology
-2075 with taluk as assessment unit.
As per the Dynamic Ground Water Resource Assessment 2024 of Karnataka, the Annual Ground Water
Recharge has been assessed as 18.74 BCM and the Annual Extractable Ground Water Resource is 16.88
BCM. The Current Annual Ground Water Extraction is 11.55 BCM and the Stage of Ground Water Extraction
is 68.44%. Out of the 237 assessment units (taluks), 45 units (18.99 %) have been categorized as 'Over
exploited', 15 units (6.33%) as'Critical',33 units (13.92 %) as'Semi critical' and1,44 units (60.76 %) have
been categorized as 'Safe'. The ground water quality tagging has also been done, wherein 17 taluks has
been tagged for salinity, 41 taluks for nitrate, 15 taluks for fluoride and 12 taluks for uranium.
This report provides an in-depth information on the various recharge and extraction components like
ground water availability and extraction scenario at taluk level. I am confident that this report will be of
immense use to the state/central agencies involved in the scientific and sustainable management and
development of ground water in the State for devising implementable strategies.
This assessment could be completed due to the sincere efforts, mutual co-operations and interaction
between the officers of CGWB & GWD. I appreciate the efforts put in by the officers of CGWB, Bangalore;
GWD, Bangalore and District Level Officers of GWD, Karnataka who were involved in the assessment. This
report could be brought out in this shape with the sincere and untiring efforts put forth by Sh. Rahul R.
Shende, Scientist -D, Dr. Lubna Kouser, Scientist -C, Ms. Caroline Louis, Scientist-C, Mrs. Anakha Ajai,
Scientist-C, Dr. Baby Shwetha S, Scientist -B of CGWB and Sh. G. Jayanna, Deputy Director; Smt,
Jagadeshwari M, Sr. Geologist & Sh. Nagaraj H.M., Sr. Geologist of GWD, Karnataka.

SAVE WATER : SAVE LIFE

Bhujal Bhavan, 27th Main, 7th Cross,HSR layout,sector 1, Bangalore - 560 102.
uqd rc;T,27 g@,7 dq, [Link]. tqrge, firt-t,
drrgu-soo 1o2
Tel: 080-2258 6965, O8O-2258 3791 Email: rdswr-cgwb@[Link] website:[Link], [Link]'[Link]
 DYNAMIC GROUND WATER RESOURCES OF
KARNATAKA, 2024
CONTENTS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY i
1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Background 2
1.2 Constitution of State Level Committee for Karnataka 2
1.3 Brief Outline of the Proceedings of the Committee 4
2 GROUND WATER RESOURCE ESTIMATION METHODOLOGY 5
2.1 Ground Water Resource Assessment of Unconfined Aquifer 5
2.2 Assessment of Annually Replenishable or Dynamic Ground Water Resources 5
2.3 Rainfall Recharge 6
2.3.1 Ground Water Level Fluctuation Method 6
2.3.2 Normalization of Rainfall Recharge 7
2.3.3 Rainfall Infiltration Factor Method 8
2.3.4 Percent Deviation 8
2.4 Recharge from Other Sources 9
2.5 Evaporation and Transpiration 10
2.6 Recharge During Monsoon Season 10
2.7 Recharge During Non-Monsoon Season 10
2.8 Total Annual Ground Water Recharge 10
2.9 Annual Extractable Ground Water Resource (EGR) 11
2.10 Estimation of Ground Water Extraction 11
2.10.1 Ground Water Extraction for Irrigation (GEIRR) 11
2.10.2 Ground Water Extraction for Domestic Use (GEDOM) 11
2.10.3 Ground Water Extraction for Industrial Use (GEIND) 12
2.11 Stage of Ground Water Extraction 12
2.11.1 Validation of Stage of Ground Water Extraction 12
2.12 Categorisation of Assessment Unit 13
2.12.1 Categorisation of Assessment Unit Based on Quantity 13
2.12.2 Categorisation of Assessment Unit Based on Quality 13
2.13 Allocation of Ground Water Resource for Utilisation 13
2.14 Net Annual Ground Water Availability for Future Use 13
2.15 Additional Potential Resources under Specific Conditions 14
2.15.1 Potential Resource Due to Spring Discharge 14
2.15.2 Potential Resource in Waterlogged and Shallow Water Table Areas 14
2.15.3 Potential Resource in Flood Prone Areas 14
2.16 Apportioning of Ground Water Assessment from Watershed to Development Unit 15
2.17 Ground Water Assessment in Urban Areas 15
2.18 Ground Water Assessment in Water Level Depletion Zones 16
2.19 NORMS USED IN THE ASSESSMENT 16
2.19.1 Specific Yield 16
2.19.2 Rainfall Infiltration Factor 19
2.19.3 Norms for Canal Recharge 22
2.19.4 Norms for Recharge Due to Irrigation 22
2.19.5 Norms for Recharge due to Tanks & Ponds 23

|GWRA Report 2024 - Karnataka

 2.19.6 Norms for Recharge due to Water Conservation Structures 23
2.19.7 Unit Draft 23
2.20 India -Groundwater Resource Estimation System (In-Gres) 24
3 RAINFALL 25
3.1 Normal Annual Rainfall 25
3.2 District Wise Normal Annual Rainfall 25
3.3 District Wise Rainfall during the Calendar Year 2023 27
3.3.1 District Wise Annual Rainfall during the Calendar Year 2023 27
3.3.2 District Wise Seasonal Rainfall during the Calendar Year 2023 28
3.3.3 District Wise Monthly Rainfall during the Calendar Year 2023 29
4 HYDROGEOLOGICAL SETUP OF KARNATAKA STATE 31
4.1 Geology 31
4.2 Hydrogeology 34
4.2.1 Ground Water Provinces of Karnataka 34
5 GROUND WATER LEVEL SCENARIO IN KARNATAKA STATE 38
5.1 Pre-Monsoon (May - 2023) Groundwater Level Scenario 38
5.2 Post-Monsoon (Nov. - 2023) Groundwater Level Scenario 39
5.3 Seasonal Fluctuation of Water Level (Pre to Post monsoon 2023) 41
5.4 Annual Pre-Monsoon Fluctuation of Groundwater Levels (May 2023 to 2022): 42
5.5 Annual Post-Monsoon Fluctuation of Groundwater Levels (Nov. 2023 to 2022): 43
5.6 Comparison of Pre-Monsoon 2023 with decadal mean of Pre-Monsoon (2013 to 2022) 45
5.7 Comparison of Post-Monsoon 2023 with decadal mean of Post-Monsoon (2013 to 2022) 45
6 GROUND WATER RESOURCES OF KARNATKA STATE 48
6.1 Annual Ground Water Recharge 48
6.2 Annual Extractable Ground Water Resources 48
6.3 Annual Total Ground Water Extraction 49
6.4 Stage Of Ground Water Extraction 51
6.5 Categorization Of Assessment Units 52
6.6 Spatial Variation 55
6.6.1 Unit Ground Water Recharge 55
6.6.2 Unit Ground Water Extraction 57
6.7 COMPARISON WITH PREVIOUS ASSESSMENTS 58
6.7.1 Comparison of Recharge during GWRA 2024 with GWRA 2023 58
6.7.2 Historical Comparison of Recharge from GWRA 2009 to GWRA 2024 60
6.7.3 Comparison of Extraction during GWRA 2024 with GWRA 2023 61
6.7.4 Historical Comparison of Irrigation Extraction/Draft 61
6.7.5 Historical Comparison of OCS Assessment Units 62
6.7.6 Improvement and Deterioration in Categorisation of Assessment Units (2023 to 2024) 63
7 CONCLUSIONS 65

|GWRA Report 2024 - Karnataka

List of Figures
Fig.3.1: Composition of Permanent State Level Committee ........................................................................................ 27
Fig.4.1: Geology ............................................................................................................................................................ 34
Fig.4.2: Aquifer Systems ............................................................................................................................................... 36
Fig.5.1: Location of State GWD observation wells………………. ...................................................................................... 38
Fig.5.2: Location of CGWB observation wells…………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 38
Fig.5.3: Pre-monsoon Depth to Water Level (May 2023) of GWD and CGWB observation wells. ............................... 39
Fig.5.4: Post-monsoon Depth to Water Level (Nov. 2023) of GWD and CGWB observation wells. ............................. 40
Fig.5.5: Seasonal Water Level Fluctuation (May 2023- Nov 2023) of Karnataka State ................................................ 42
Fig.5.6: Annual Pre-monsoon Water Level Fluctuation (May 2022-2023) of GWD and CGWB observation wells. ..... 43
Fig.5.7: Annual Post-monsoon Water Level Fluctuation (November 2023-2022) of GWD and CGWB observation
wells. ............................................................................................................................................................................. 44
Fig.5.8: Decadal pre-monsoon water level Fluctuation (May 2023 to May 2013 – 22). .............................................. 46
Fig.5.9: Decadal post-monsoon water level fluctuation (Nov 2023 to Nov 2013 – 22) ................................................ 47
Fig.6.1: Recharge by Different Sources ......................................................................................................................... 48
Fig.6.2: District Wise Recharge by Different Sources ................................................................................................... 49
Fig.6.3: District Wise Number of Irrigation Wells and Irrigation Extraction ................................................................. 50
Fig.6.4: Ground Water Extraction for Various Uses ...................................................................................................... 50
Fig.6.5: District Wise Ground Water Extraction for Various Uses ................................................................................ 50
Fig.6.6: District wise Bar Diagram of Stage of Extraction in Decreasing order ............................................................. 51
Fig.6.7: District Wise Annual Extractable Ground Water Resources v/s Extraction ..................................................... 51
Fig.6.8: Categorization of Assessment Units ................................................................................................................ 55
Fig.6.9: Unit Annual Ground Water Recharge .............................................................................................................. 56
Fig.6.10: Unit Annual Ground Water Extraction ........................................................................................................... 58
Fig.6.11: Comparison of Recharge (2023 to 2024) due to other sources ..................................................................... 60
Fig.6.12: Comparison of Recharge due to Rainfall and Other Sources (2009 to 2024) ................................................ 60
Fig.6.13: Comparison of extraction/draft (2023 to 2024) for various uses .................................................................. 61
Fig.6.14: Historical Comparison of Irrigation Wells and Irrigation Draft (2004 to 2023) .............................................. 62
Fig.6.15: Comparison of Assessment Units (2004 to 2023) .......................................................................................... 63

|GWRA Report 2024 - Karnataka

List of Tables
Table - 1.1: Composition of Permanent State Level Committee .................................................................................... 3
Table - 2.1: Estimation formulas for recharge from other sources ................................................................................ 9
Table - 2.2: Norms Recommended for Specific Yield .................................................................................................... 16
Table - 2.3: Norms Recommended for Rainfall Infiltration Factor ............................................................................... 19
Table- 2.4: Norms Recommended for Recharge due to Canals .................................................................................... 22
Table - 2.5: Norms Recommended for Recharge from Irrigation ................................................................................. 22
Table - 3.1: District wise Normal Annual Rainfall ......................................................................................................... 26
Table - 3.2: District wise Seasonal Normal and Actual Rainfall during the Calendar Year 2023................................... 28
Table - 3.3: Rainfall during Ground Water Assessment Year 2023-24 for the State/UT and District wise ................... 30
Table - 4.1: Geological Succession ................................................................................................................................ 31
Table - 5.1: Spatial coverage of water level ranges during the pre-monsoon and post monsoon seasons (2023) ...... 41
Table - 5.2: Spatial coverage of water level fluctuation ranges during the pre-monsoon to post monsoon seasons
(2023)............................................................................................................................................................................ 41
Table - 5.3: Spatial coverage of water level fluctuation ranges during the pre-monsoon and post monsoon seasons
(2023)............................................................................................................................................................................ 45
Table - 5.4: Spatial coverage of water level fluctuation ranges during the decadal pre-monsoon and post monsoon
seasons (2023 with 2013-22) ........................................................................................................................................ 46
Table - 6.1: District wise distribution of over-exploited, critical, and semi-critical taluks. ........................................... 52
Table - 6.2: Distribution of Assessment Units as per Unit Recharge ............................................................................ 57
Table - 6.3: Distribution of Assessment Units as per Unit Extraction ........................................................................... 57
Table - 6.4: Comparison of various recharge parameters (2024 with 2023) ................................................................ 59
Table - 6.5: Comparison of extraction/draft for various purposes (2024 with 2023) ................................................... 61
Table - 6.6: Improved and Deteriorated Assessment Units in GWRA 2024 as compared to GWRA 2023. .................. 63
Table - 7.1: Information at a Glance of Ground Water Resource Assessment 2024 .................................................... 65

List of Annexures
Annexure - I: Govt. Order on Constitution of Permanent State Level Committee ....................................................... 67
Annexure - II: Corrigendum Govt. Order for Inclusion of Additional Members to SLC ................................................ 68
Annexure - III: MINUTES OF FIRST STATE LEVEL COMMITTEE (SLC) MEETING. ............................................................ 70
Annexure – IV: Ground water availability, utilization and stage of extraction in Karnataka State (as in 2024) ........... 74
Annexure – V: District-wise ground water resources availability, utilization and stage of extraction (as in 2024) ..... 75
Annexure - VI (A): Categorization of Talukas (as in 2024) for Karnataka State ........................................................... 77
Annexure - VI (B): District wise Categorization of Taluks for Karnataka State (as in 2024) ........................................ 78
Annexure - VI (C): Annual Extractable Resources of Assessment Units under different Categories for Karnataka State
(as in 2024) ................................................................................................................................................................... 80
Annexure VI - (D): District wise Annual Extractable Resources of Assessment Units under different Categories for
Karnataka State (as in 2024) ......................................................................................................................................... 81
Annexure - VI (E): Recharge Worthy Area of Assessment unit under Different Category for Karnataka State (as in
2024) ............................................................................................................................................................................. 83
Annexure - VI (F): District Wise Recharge Worthy Area of Assessment unit under Different Category for Karnataka
State (as in 2024) .......................................................................................................................................................... 84
Annexure - VII (A): Categorization of Over Exploited, Critical and Semi Critical taluks (as in 2024) ............................ 86
Annexure – VII (B): Quality problems in Assessment units (as in 2024) ....................................................................... 89
Annexure-VIII (A): Summary of Assessment Units Improved or Deteriorated From 2023 to 2024 Assessment ......... 90
Annexure – VIII (B): Comparison of categorization of assessment units (2023 & 2024) .............................................. 91
Annexure - IX (A): Assessment Unit (Taluk) Wise Report for Karnataka State (as in 2024) – Part A ............................ 92
Annexure - IX (B): Assessment Unit (Taluk) Wise Report for Karnataka State (as in 2024) – Part -B... ...................... 103

|GWRA Report 2024 - Karnataka

 DYNAMIC GROUND WATER RESOURCES OF KARNATAKA, 2024
AT A GLANCE

Description / Item Val ue

Total No. of Assessment Units i n the State 237
Rainfall Recharge ( ham) 1002622
Recharge due to Other Sources
Canal Recharge (ham) 30883
Recharge due to SWI (ham) 482749
Recharge due to GWI (ham) 217547
Recharge due to Tanks & Ponds (ham) 52051
Recharge due to WCS (ham) 80946
Recharge due to Pipeline (ham) 6880
Total Rec harge due to Other Sources (ham) 870961
Annual Groundwater Recharge (ham) 1873583
Total Natural Discharges (ham) 185522
Annual Extractable Gr ound Water Recharge (ham) 1688061
Groundwater Irrigation Extraction (ham) 1014889
Groundwater Extraction Domestic (ham) 121731
Groundwater Extraction Industrial (ham) 18751
Gross Annual Extracti on / Dr aft (ham) 1155371
Allocation of Ground Water Reso urce for Domestic 127604
Utilisation for 2025 (ham)
Net Annual Ground Water Availability for Future Use 710192
(ham)
Stage of Ground Water Extraction (%) 68.44

CATEGORIZATION OF ASSESSMENT UNITS

S. No. Category Number of Recharge worthy Annual Extractable
Assessment Units Area Ground Water
Resource
Number % sq. km % BCM %
1 Safe 144 60.76 99734.81 58.41 10.78 63.86
2 Semi Critical 33 13.92 23383.92 13.69 2.36 13.98
3 Critical 15 6.33 12357.11 7.24 1.02 6.04
4 Over-Exploited 45 18.99 35255.08 20.66 2.72 16.12
5 Saline 0 0 0 0 0 0
TOTAL 237 100 170730.92 100 16.88 100

|GWRA Report 2024 - Karnataka

 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The estimation of ground water resources of the Karnataka state as on 2024 has been carried out
jointly by Central Ground Water Board (CGWB) and Ground Water Directorate (GWD), Govt. of
Karnataka, as per the recommendations of Ground Water Estimation Methodology-2015 (GEC-15).
Previously ground water resource assessment was carried out in 2004, 2009, 2011, 2013, 2017, 2020,
2022, and 2023 and from the year 2022, the exercise is being carried out annually. The assessment prior
to that of year 2017 were carried out based on Ground Water Estimation Committee (GEC) 97
Methodology, whereas from 2017 onwards assessments are based on norms and guidelines of the GEC
2015 Methodology.
Groundwater resource assessment is the determination of the source, extent, dependability and
quality of groundwater resources, on which the evaluation of the possibilities of the utilisation and
control depends. Estimation of groundwater is also important for the planning and execution of the
State’s water supply infrastructure, especially those that are dependent on groundwater. This report
provides an overview of the groundwater resources of Karnataka for a vast range of activities like
agricultural, domestic and industrial water supply. It will form the basis for understanding the existing
and planning the future use of groundwater and to decide the management options on a holistic basis.
These data also provide inputs that would be used to understand the dynamics of the various sectoral
demands and ensure sustainability for different water sector activities.
Hydrogeologically, almost entire Karnataka state is underlined by crystalline formations except
few patches of alluvium which is restricted along the coastal tract. In the crystalline formations, the
ground water movement and availability are controlled by the secondary porosity developed due to the
tectonic movements and intensity of weathering. The density of the fractures and fissures decrease with
depth. As such there is limited scope for storage of large quantities of ground water in these formations,
besides it is also difficult to precisely locate the ground water in these formations.
The assessment involves computation of dynamic ground water resources or Annual Extractable
Ground Water Resource, Total Current Annual Ground Water Extraction (utilization) and the percentage
of utilization with respect to annual extractable resources (stage of Ground Water Extraction). The
assessment units (Talukas/blocks/mandals) are categorized based on Stage of Ground Water Extraction,
which are then validated with long-term water level trends.
“INDIA-GROUNDWATER RESOURCE ESTIMATION SYSTEM (IN-GRES) which is a Software/Web-
based Application developed by CGWB in collaboration with IIT-Hyderabad was used for the
computations of 2024 assessment. It provides common and standardized platform for Ground Water
Resource Estimation for the entire country and its pan-India operationalization (Central and State
Governments). The system takes ‘Data Input’ through Excel as well as forms, compute various ground
water components (recharge, extraction etc.) and classify assessment units into appropriate categories
(safe, semi-critical, critical and over-exploited). The Software uses GEC 2015 Methodology for estimation
and calculation of Groundwater resources. It allows for unique and homogeneous representation of
groundwater fluxes as well as categories for all the assessment units (AU) of the country.

i|GWRA Report 2024 - Karnataka

 The data is collected from the line state govt. departments and the computations were done for
237 assessment units (236 taluks + 1 Bangalore city) in Karnataka state. The recharge components were
derived from the rainfall data collected from the KSNDMC, WRDO and DES, Canal details from WRD,
Irrigation department, Tanks and Ponds details from MI, District Admn. (ZP), Agriculture Dept., BBMP,
details of WCS from MI, District Admn. (ZP), Agriculture Dept., BWSSB, RDPR, Crops Area under SW & GW
Irrigation from Agriculture Dept., WRD and Water supply & Conveyance losses from BWSSB for the base
year 2023-24. The Outflow/withdrawal parameter data is estimated through Domestic, Irrigation and
Industrial draft. The 2011 Census population data with annual growth rate is utilized to calculate the
domestic draft by consumptive use method. The irrigation draft and Industrial draft is calculated through
unit draft method for the base year 2023-24 using the data from District Statistical Report and KSPCB,
KGWA, Dept. of Industries & Commerce. The assessment unit with the water quality issue is tagged using
pre-monsoon, 2022 water quality data from CGWB and pre-monsoon, 2023 data of SGWD.
As per the results of Dynamic Ground Water Resource Assessment 2024 of Karnataka, the Annual
Ground Water Recharge has been assessed as 18.74 BCM and the Annual Extractable Ground Water
Resource is 16.88 BCM. The Current Annual Ground Water Extraction is 11.55 BCM and the Stage of
Ground Water Extraction is 68.44%. This indicates that on an average 68.4% of yearly replenishable
groundwater is being used in the State. Considering the domestic and industrial requirement the annual
ground water allocation for domestic water supply as on March 2025 is 1.28 BCM. Leaving this allocation,
the net groundwater availability for future use development is around 7.1 BCM. Out of the 237
assessment units (taluks), 45 units (18.99 %) have been categorized as ‘Over exploited’, 15 units (6.33 %)
as ‘Critical’, 33 units (13.92 %) as ‘Semi critical’ and 144 units (60.76 %) have been categorized as ‘Safe’.
.33 %) as ‘Critical’, 33 units (13.92 %) as ‘Semi critical’ and 144 units (60.76 %) have been categorized as
‘Safe’. The ground water quality tagging has also been done, wherein 17 taluks has been tagged for
salinity, 41 taluks for nitrate, 15 taluks for fluoride and 12 taluks for uranium.
It was observed that, as compared to GWRA 2023, there is improvement in categorisation of 3
assessment units, whereas deterioration has been noticed in 13 assessment units. The main reason for
improvement is increase in recharge due to rainfall, surface water irrigation, groundwater irrigation, WCS
and decrease in domestic draft, whereas reasons for deterioration are decrease in recharge due to
rainfall, Surface water irrigation, Ground water irrigation, T&P and WCS contributed by the deficit rainfall
over last year. In comparison to Dynamic Ground Water Resource Assessment 2023, the total annual
ground water recharge has decreased marginally from 18.93 bcm to 18.74 bcm. The change is attributed
mainly to decrease in recharge from ‘Rainfall’ due to deficit rainfall during the year 2023. Accordingly,
the annual extractable ground water resources have also decreased marginally from 17.08 to 16.88 bcm.
The ground water extraction has marginally increased from 11.32 bcm to 11.55 bcm. The overall stage of
groundwater extraction has marginally increased from 66.26 % to 68.44 %.

ii | G W R A R e p o r t 2 0 2 4 - K a r n a t a k a
1 INTRODUCTION
The estimation of ground water resources of the Karnataka state as on 2024 has been carried out
as per the recommendations of Ground Water Estimation Methodology-2015 (GEC-15). Previously, GEC
97 methodology and norms were used for estimation of dynamic ground water resources of the country
during 2004, 2009, 2011 and 2013 as base years. The methodology underwent comprehensive revision in
2015 and a revised methodology, namely GEC 2015 methodology has been prescribed for ground water
assessment. This methodology is being followed for assessment carried out from 2017 onwards. The
revised methodology GEC 2015 recommends aquifer wise ground water resource assessment. Wherever
the aquifer geometry has not been firmly established for unconfined aquifer, the in-storage ground
water resources have to be assessed in alluvial areas upto depth of bed rock or 300 m whichever is less.
In case of hard rock aquifers, the depth of assessment would be limited to 100m. In case of confined
aquifers, if it is known that ground water extraction is being taken place from this aquifer, the dynamic as
well as in-storage resources are to be estimated. If it is firmly established that there is no ground water
extraction from this confined aquifer, then only in-storage resources of that aquifer have to be
estimated.
Groundwater resource assessment is the determination of the source, extent, dependability and
quality of groundwater resources, on which the evaluation of the possibilities of the utilisation and
control depends. Estimation of groundwater is also important for the construction and the maintenance
of the State’s water supply infrastructure, especially those that are dependent on groundwater. This
report provides an overview of the groundwater resources of Karnataka for a vast range of activities like
agricultural, domestic and industrial water supply. It will form the basis for understanding the existing
and planning the future use of groundwater and to decide the management options on a holistic basis.
These data also provide inputs that would be used to understand the dynamics of the various sector wise
demands and ensure sustainability for different water sector activities.
The near approach accuracy in groundwater resource assessment will help the planners and
policy makers in determining the extent and nature of:
• Co-ordinating and integrating mechanisms, required in the field of water sector.
• Regulations and new legislation, and
• Strategies and policies that deal with the priority of uses and conflict resolution mechanism
(through mutually beneficial bargaining- basin/sub-basin water partnerships).
• Planning for areas to be focused for supply side and demand side interventions and also for
planning the groundwater development aspects is feasible areas.
In short, groundwater resources assessment is a prerequisite for sustainable development of
States water resources. The present availability and requirement of water in the State of Karnataka is
extremely uneven, both spatially and temporally and so will be case in the future. Rapid population
growth and intensive anthropogenic activities have put both surface and groundwater under heavy
stress, and significantly fresh water is becoming scarce and dearer in many areas. It is believed that in the
coming decades most of the Earth’s population will face a critical situation with regard to the availability
of water. The water deficiency will become a factor affecting the living standards of populations
adversely. To understand more about the water resource deficit that will face us in the future it is very

1|GWRA Report 2024 - Karnataka

important to analyse the present situation and understand rate of change in specific water resource
availability in relation to socio-economic, geohydrologic and physiographic conditions.
In the State of Karnataka, groundwater is an essential component for many water strategies and
systems. It is therefore essential that the groundwater resource estimation is accurate so as to prepare
strategies for the long-term management of this precious resource and for ensuring the long-term safety
and well-being of all the sections of the society. Groundwater resource estimation is mainly dependent
on the quality of the data. Many a times because of the lack of good quality data the resource
assessment misleads the planners, administrators and technocrats in formulating various developmental
activities.

1.1 Background
In the State of Karnataka, groundwater has emerged as an important source to meet the water
requirements of various sectors. Demands for groundwater resources are ever increasing and
competition amongst users has intensified. The sustainable development of groundwater requires
precise quantitative assessment based on reasonably valid scientific principles. The occurrence,
movement and storage of groundwater are quite complex, being governed by several factors like
meteorology, geomorphology, geology, hydrogeology, and above all the human activities. All these
factors make the precise assessment of groundwater very difficult and there is no direct technique
available for precise assessment. Hence the methods applied for groundwater resource estimation are all
indirect. There are several techniques and methodologies in vogue for estimation of groundwater
resources. Quantification of groundwater resources is often critical and no single comprehensive
technique is yet identified which is capable of estimating accurate groundwater potential. Since
groundwater is a dynamic and replenishable resource, its proper and economic development on a
sustainable basis, requires its realistic assessment. The estimation must be seen as an interactive
procedure. Initial estimation are revised and refined by comparing these results with the results obtained
by adopting alternative methods and third party studies.
The Ministry of Jal Shakti, Dept. of Water Resources, River Development & Ganga Rejuvenation,
Govt. of India desires to reassess the Ground Water Resources for the entire country once in two years
and hence the current re-estimation of resources as in March 2023 has been taken up in view of the
changes that are observed in the ground water scenario. The data provided by the state agencies have
been used in the present ground water assessment. During 2020 assessment, a software named INDIA –
Groundwater Resource Estimation System “INGRES” has been introduced for assessing the ground water
resources of India and the same is used for current assessment. The data collected were compiled as per
format in INGRES and was uploaded in the software and the results generated were validated with the
manual calculations for few sample assessment units to ensure the error-free functioning of software.

1.2 Constitution of State Level Committee for Karnataka

The assessment of ground water resources for the State of Karnataka had been assessed by the
Ground Water Directorate (GWD) in collaboration with the Central Ground Water Board (CGWB),
Bengaluru based on the revised Methodology known as Groundwater Estimation Committee 2015 (GEC-
2015) Methodology. The present exercise on groundwater assessment as on March 2023 is also carried

2|GWRA Report 2024 - Karnataka

out in accordance with the protocol of GEC-2015 under the supervision of State level Committee (SLC)
and under overall guidance of Central Level Expert Group (CLEG).
The State Level committee headed by the Secretary, Minor Irrigation & Ground Water
Development Department as Chairman was constituted by the Government of Karnataka vide
Government Order No. vide MID 22AAJAA2020 (E) Bangalore dated 20.08.2020 and the permanent SLC
has been continued vide letter dt. 03.02.2023. The copy of the Government Order and Continuation
Order is enclosed as Annexure I. The revised committee constituted vide G.O. MID 22AAJAA2022
Bangalore dated 07.07.2022 enclosed as Annexure-II. The SLC is multi-disciplinary in nature and
comprises of the following members from various State and Central Govt. organisations/departments:
Table - 1.1: Composition of Permanent State Level Committee
S. No. Designation Committee
Designation
1. Secretary to Government, Minor Irrigation and Groundwater Development Chairman
Department
2. Director, Karnataka State Remote Sensing Application Centre (KSRSAC). Member
3. Commissioner, Rural Development and Panchayat Raj. Member
4. Director, Karnataka State Natural Disaster Monitoring Center (KSNDMC) Member
5. Directorate of Economics and Statistics (DES) Member
6. Chief Engineer, Bangalore Water Supply and Sewerage Board Member
7. Chief Engineer, Minor Irrigation & Groundwater Development Department, Member
South Zone, Bangalore
8. Chief Engineer, Minor Irrigation & Groundwater Development Department, Member
North Zone, Vijayapura
9. Director, Groundwater Directorate Member
10. Chief Engineer, Karnataka Urban Water Supply & Drainage Board Member
11. Director, Department of Agriculture Member
12. Chief Engineer, Water Resources Development Organization Member
13. Chief Engineer, Rural Water Supply & Sanitation Department Member
14. Commissioner/Director for department of Industries Member
15. General Manager, NABARD Member
16. Chief Engineer, Advanced Center for Integrated Water Resources and Member
Management Center, Bangalore
17. Regional Director, Central Ground Water Board, Government of India, Member
Bangalore Secretary

Terms of reference: - The broad terms of reference of the committee would be as follow:
1. To re-assess annual replenishable Ground Water Resources of the State of Karnataka for
the year 2024 in accordance with GEC-2015 Methodology.
2. To estimate the status of utilization of the annual replenishable ground water resources.
3. To submit the ground water resource estimates of the state to central level expert group (CLEG)
after the approval of SLC for inclusion in national level report on assessment of ground water
resources.
As suggested in the protocol, the Groundwater Assessment Cell was also formed at State Level
within the Central Ground Water Board, SWR, Bangalore and Directorate of Groundwater, GoK,
Bengaluru. The updation, validation and scrutiny of database with respect to 2024 has been done by the
GWRA Cells. The entire data base has been reconciled jointly by GWD and CGWB, Bengaluru in a series of
online meetings, physical meetings, email correspondence and verification throughout the 2024

3|GWRA Report 2024 - Karnataka

computation period. For the present assessment as on March 2024 preliminary evaluation about
groundwater situation in each assessment unit was made jointly by GWD and CGWB during the
reconciliation meetings.

1.3 Brief Outline of the Proceedings of the Committee

The first meeting of the SLC was held on 23.04.2024 at 15.00 hrs in Room No. 422, Vikas Soudha,
Bangalore. Shri G.E. Yathish Chandran, Secretary, Minor Irrigation and Ground Water Development &
Chairman of SLC, chaired the meeting. Shri N. Jyothi Kumar, Regional Director, CGWB, SWR, Bangalore &
Member Secretary welcomed the Chairman, Members & Invitees to the State Level Committee Meeting.
He informed about the history of ground water resource assessment and encouraged the efforts put in
by the officers of GWRA cells of CGWB, GWD Directorate, district level officers of GWD in collecting the
data required for the resource assessment and carrying out the mammoth task. During the meeting,
various issues finalisation of assessment units, inclusion of piezometer water level data, data to be
provided by the line departments and co-opting of additional members were discussed. The minutes of
the meeting are attached as Annexure-III.
The second and final meeting of the SLC was held on 21.09.2024 at 11.30 hrs in Room No. 224,
Vikas Soudha, Bangalore. Shri Raghavan, Secretary, Minor Irrigation and Ground Water Development &
Chairman of SLC, chaired the meeting. Shri N. Jyothi Kumar, Regional Director, CGWB, SWR, Bangalore &
Member Secretary welcomed the Chairman, Members & Invitees to the State Level Committee Meeting.
He informed about the importance of ground water resource assessment since they are being assessed
on annual basis and appreciated the efforts put in by the officers of GWRA cells of CGWB, GWD
Directorate, district level officers of GWD in providing the data required for the resource assessment and
carrying out the mammoth task. He informed the committee about the highlights of GWRA-2024. Shri.
Rahul R Shende, Scientist – D, CGWB, delivered the presentation on the final results/outcomes for GWRA
2024. The GWRA 2024 was approved unanimously by the committee. The recommendations suggested
by the committee are outlined below.
Recommendations suggested by the Committee:
1. Adoption of Micro-irrigation techniques suggested for less water intensive crops in command
area.
2. Over-exploitation in South Pennar Basin: Micro irrigation must be practised in Kolar and
Chikballapura districts of this basin and more artificial recharge and water conservation
structures should be constructed to harvest each and every drop of rainwater.
3. Quality tagging of assessment unit: Pointed out that, for fluoride tagging some taluks especially
Pavagada, Sira taluks of Tumkur, Arsikere taluk of Hassan districts are not being reflected and
advised to include the same.
4. Stage of Extraction: It is observed that, the SOD has increased from 66.26% in 2023 to 68.44% in
2024, because of decrease in rainfall recharge due to deficit rainfall in 2023.
5. Approval of GWRA 2024: After the presentation and detailed discussions, the GWRA 2024 was
approved by the SLC.

4|GWRA Report 2024 - Karnataka

2 GROUND WATER RESOURCE ESTIMATION METHODOLOGY
Ground water resource as in 2024 have been estimated following the guidelines mentioned in
the GEC 2015 methodology using appropriate assumptions depending on data availability. The principal
attributes of GEC 2015 methodology are given below:
It is also important to add that as it is advisable to restrict the groundwater development as far
as possible to annual replenishable resources, the categorization also considers the relation between the
annual replenishment and groundwater development. An area devoid of ground water potential may not
be considered for development and may remain safe whereas an area with good groundwater potential
may be developed and may become over exploited over a period. Thus, water augmentation efforts can
be successful in such areas, where the groundwater potential is high and there is scope for
augmentation.

2.1 Ground Water Resource Assessment of Unconfined Aquifer

Though the assessment of ground water resources includes assessment of dynamic and in-
storage resources, the development planning should mainly focus on dynamic resource as it gets
replenished on an annual basis. Changes in static or in-storage resources normally reflect long-term
impacts of ground water mining. Such resources may not be replenishable annually and may be allowed
to be extracted only during exigencies with proper planning for augmentation in the succeeding excess
rainfall years.

2.2 Assessment of Annually Replenishable or Dynamic Ground Water Resources

The methodology for ground water resources estimation is based on the principle of water
balance as given below –

Equation (1) can be further elaborated as –

Where,
ΔS - Change is storage
RRF - Rainfall recharge
RSTR - Recharge from stream channels
RC - Recharge from canals
RSWI - Recharge from surface water irrigation
RGWI - Recharge from ground water irrigation
RTP - Recharge from Tanks & Ponds
RWCS - Recharge from water conservation structures
VF - Vertical flow across the aquifer system
LF - Lateral flow along the aquifer system (through flow)
GE - Ground Water Extraction
T - Transpiration
E - Evaporation
B - Base flow

5|GWRA Report 2024 - Karnataka

 Due to lack of data for all the components in most of the assessment units, at present the water
budget has been assessed based on major components only, taking into consideration certain reasonable
assumptions. The estimation has been carried out using lumped parameter estimation approach keeping
in mind that data from many more sources if available may be used for refining the assessment.

2.3 Rainfall Recharge

Ground water recharge has been estimated on ground water level fluctuation and specific yield
approach since this method considers the response of ground water levels to ground water input and
output components. In units or subareas where adequate data on ground water level fluctuations are
not available, ground water recharge is estimated using rainfall infiltration factor method only. The
rainfall recharge during non-monsoon season has been estimated using rainfall infiltration factor method
only.
2.3.1 Ground Water Level Fluctuation Method
The ground water level fluctuation method is used for assessment of rainfall recharge in the
monsoon season. The ground water balance equation in non-command areas is given by

Where,
ΔS - Change is storage
RRF - Rainfall recharge
RSTR - Recharge from stream channels
RSWI - Recharge from surface water irrigation
RGWI - Recharge from ground water irrigation
RTP - Recharge from Tanks& Ponds
RWCS - Recharge from water conservation structures
VF - Vertical flow across the aquifer system
LF - Lateral flow along the aquifer system (through flow)
GE - Ground water extraction
T - Transpiration
E - Evaporation
B - Base flow
Whereas the water balance equation in command area have another term i.e., Recharge due to
canals (RC) and the equation is as follows:

The change in storage has been estimated using the following equation:

Where,
ΔS - Change is storage
Δh - rise in water level in the monsoon season
A - Area for computation of recharge
SY - Specific Yield
Substituting the expression in equation (5) for storage increase ΔS in terms of water level
fluctuation and specific yield, the equations (3) & (4) becomes (6) & (7) for non-command and command
sub-units,
6|GWRA Report 2024 - Karnataka
 Where base flow/ recharge to/from streams have not been estimated, the same is assumed to
be zero. The rainfall recharge obtained by using equation (6) and (7) provides the recharge in any
particular monsoon season for the associated monsoon season rainfall. This estimate has been
normalized for the normal monsoon season rainfall as per the procedure indicated below.

2.3.2 Normalization of Rainfall Recharge

Let Ri be the rainfall recharge and ri be the associated rainfall. The subscript “i” takes values 1 to
N where N is the number of years for which data is available. This should be at least 5. The rainfall
recharge, Ri is obtained as per equation (6) & equation (7) depending on the sub-unit for which the
normalization is being done.
After the pairs of data on Ri and ri have been obtained as described above, a normalisation
procedure is carried out for obtaining the rainfall recharge corresponding to the normal monsoon season
rainfall. Let r(normal) be the normal monsoon season rainfall obtained as the average of recent 30 to 50
years of monsoon season rainfall. Two methods are possible for the normalisation procedure. The first
method is based on a linear relationship between recharge and rainfall of the form

Where,
R = Rainfall recharge during monsoon season
r = Monsoon season rainfall
a = a constant
The computational procedure is followed in the first method is as given below:

Where,
RRF(normal) - Normalized Rainfall Recharge in the monsoon season
Ri- Rainfall Recharge in the monsoon season for the ithyear
r(normal) - Normal monsoon season rainfall
ri- Rainfall in the monsoon season for the ith year
N - No. of years for which data is available

The second method is also based on a linear relation between recharge and rainfall. However,
this linear relationship is of the form,

Where,
RRF(normal) - Normalized Rainfall Recharge in the monsoon season
r(normal) - Normal monsoon season rainfall
a and b - Constants.

7|GWRA Report 2024 - Karnataka

 The two constants ‘a’ and ‘b’ in the above equation are obtained through a linear regression
analysis. The computational procedure has been followed in the second method is as given below:

Where,

2.3.3 Rainfall Infiltration Factor Method

The rainfall recharge estimation based on Water level fluctuation method reflects actual field
conditions since it takes into account the response of ground water level. However the ground water
extraction estimation included in the computation of rainfall recharge using water level fluctuation
approach is often subject to uncertainties. Therefore, the rainfall recharge obtained from water level
fluctuation approach has been compared with that estimated using rainfall infiltration factor method.
Recharge from rainfall is estimated by using the following relationship –

Where,
RRF - Rainfall recharge in ham
A - Area in hectares
RFIF - Rainfall Infiltration Factor
R- Rainfall in mm
a - Minimum threshold value above which rainfall induces ground water recharge in mm
The threshold limit of minimum and maximum rainfall event which can induce recharge to the
aquifer is considered while estimating ground water recharge using rainfall infiltration factor method.
The minimum threshold limit is in accordance with the relation shown in equation (13) and the maximum
threshold limit is based on the premise that after a certain limit, the rate of storm rain is too high to
contribute to infiltration and they will only contribute to surface runoff. Thus, 10% of Normal annual
rainfall has been taken as minimum rainfall threshold and 3000 mm as maximum rainfall limit. While
computing the rainfall recharge, 10% of the normal annual rainfall has been deducted from the monsoon
rainfall and balance rainfall is considered for computation of rainfall recharge. The same recharge factor
is used for both monsoon and non-monsoon rainfall, with the condition that the recharge due to non-
monsoon rainfall is taken as zero, if the normal rainfall during the non-monsoon season is less than 10%
of normal annual rainfall. In using the method based on the specified norms, recharge due to both
monsoon and non-monsoon rainfall has been estimated for normal rainfall, based on recent 30 to 50
years of data.
2.3.4 Percent Deviation
After computing the rainfall recharge for normal monsoon season rainfall using the ground water
level fluctuation method and rainfall infiltration factor method these two estimates is compared with
each other. A term, Percent Deviation (PD) which is the difference between the two expressed as a
percentage of the later is computed as
8|GWRA Report 2024 - Karnataka
Where,
RRF (normal, wlfm) = Rainfall recharge for normal monsoon season rainfall estimated by the
ground water level fluctuation method
RRF (normal, rifm) = Rainfall recharge for normal monsoon season rainfall estimated by
the rainfall infiltration factor method

The rainfall recharge for normal monsoon season rainfall is finally adopted as per the criteria
given below:
• If PD is greater than or equal to -20%, and less than or equal to +20%, RRF (normal) is taken as the
value estimated by the ground water level fluctuation method.
• If PD is less than -20%, RRF (normal) is taken as equal to 0.8 times the value estimated by the
rainfall infiltration factor method.
• If PD is greater than +20%, RRF (normal) is taken as equal to 1.2 times the value estimated by the
rainfall infiltration factor method.

2.4 Recharge from Other Sources

Recharge from other sources constitutes recharges from canals, surface water irrigation, ground
water irrigation, tanks & ponds and water conservation structures in command areas where as in non-
command areas it constitutes the recharge due to surface water irrigation, ground water irrigation, tanks
& ponds and water conservation structures. The methods of estimation of recharge from different
sources are used in the assessment as follows.
Table - 2.1: Estimation formulas for recharge from other sources
S. Source Estimation Formula Parameters
No.

R C = Recharge from Canals

WA = Wetted Area
Recharge
1 SF = Seepage Factor
from Canals
Days = Number of Canal
Running Days

R S W I = Recharge due to
applied surface water
Recharge
irrigatio n
from Surface
2 AD = Average Discharge
Water
Days = Number of days water
Irrigation
is discharged to the Fields
RFF = Return Flow Factor

R G W I = Recharge due to
Recharge
applied ground water
from Ground
3 irrigatio n
Water
GE I R R = Ground Water
Irrigation
Extraction for Irrigatio n

9|GWRA Report 2024 - Karnataka

 S. Source Estimation Formula Parameters
No.
RFF = Return Flow Factor
R T P = Recharge due to Tanks
& Ponds
Recharge due AWSA = Average Water
4 to Tanks & Spread Area
Ponds N = Number of days Water is
available in the Tank/ Pond
RF = Recharge Factor
RWCS = Recharge due to
Water Conservation
Recharge due
Structures
to Water
5 GS = Gross Storage = Storage
Conservation
Capacity multiplied by
Structures
number of fillings.
RF = Recharge Factor
2.5 Evaporation and Transpiration
Evaporation is estimated for the aquifer in the assessment unit if water levels in the aquifer are
within the capillary zone. For areas with water levels within 1.0mbgl, evaporation is estimated using the
evaporation rates available for other adjoining areas. If depth to water level is more than 1.0mbgl, the
evaporation losses from the aquifer is taken as zero.
Transpiration through vegetation has been estimated if water levels in the aquifer are within the
maximum root zone of the local vegetation. If water levels are within 3.5mbgl, transpiration is estimated
using the transpiration rates available for other areas. If it is greater than3.5m bgl, the transpiration has
been taken as zero.

2.6 Recharge During Monsoon Season

The sum of normalized monsoon rainfall recharge and the recharge from other sources and
lateral and vertical flows into & out of the sub unit and stream inflows & outflows during monsoon
season is the total recharge/ accumulation during monsoon season for the sub unit. Similarly, this is to be
computed for all the sub units available in the assessment unit.

2.7 Recharge During Non-Monsoon Season

The rainfall recharge during non-monsoon season is estimated using rainfall infiltration factor
Method only when the non-monsoon season rainfall is more than 10% of normal annual rainfall. The sum
of non-monsoon rainfall recharge and the recharge from other sources and lateral and vertical flows into
& out of the sub unit and stream inflows & outflows during non-monsoon season is the total recharge/
accumulation during non-monsoon season for the sub unit. Similarly, this is to be computed for all the
sub units available in the assessment unit.

2.8 Total Annual Ground Water Recharge

The sum of the recharge/ accumulations during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons is the total
annual ground water recharge/ accumulations for the sub unit. Similarly, this is computed for all the sub
units available in the assessment unit.

10 | G W R A R e p o r t 2 0 2 4 - K a r n a t a k a
2.9 Annual Extractable Ground Water Resource (EGR)
The Annual Extractable Ground Water Resource (EGR) is computed by deducting the Total
Annual Natural Discharge from Total Annual Ground Water Recharge.
In the water level fluctuation method, a significant portion of base flow is already accounted for
by taking the post monsoon water level one month after the end of rainfall. The base flow in the
remaining non-monsoon period is likely to be small, especially in hard rock areas. In the assessment
units, where river stage data are not available and neither the detailed data for quantitative assessment
of the natural discharge are available, allocation of unaccountable natural discharges to 5% or 10% of
annual recharge is considered. If the rainfall recharge is assessed using water level fluctuation method
this has been taken 5% of the annual recharge and if it is assessed using rainfall infiltration factor
method, 10% of the annual recharge is considered. The balance is account for Annual Extractable Ground
Water Resources (EGR).

2.10 Estimation of Ground Water Extraction

Ground water draft or extraction is assessed as follows.

Where,
GEALL = Ground water extraction for all uses
GEIRR = Ground water extraction for irrigation
GEDOM = Ground water extraction for domestic uses
GEIND = Ground water extraction for industrial uses
2.10.1 Ground Water Extraction for Irrigation (GEIRR)
The methods for estimation of ground water extraction are as follows.
Unit Draft Method: – In this method, season-wise unit draft of each type of well in an assessment unit is
estimated. The unit draft of different types (eg. Dug well, Dug cum bore well, shallow tube well, deep
tube well, bore well etc.) is multiplied with the number of wells of that particular type to obtain season-
wise ground water extraction by that particular structure.
Crop Water Requirement Method: – For each crop, the season-wise net irrigation water requirement is
determined. This is then multiplied with the area irrigated by ground water abstraction structures. The
database on crop area is obtained from Revenue records in Tehsil office, Agriculture Census and also by
using Remote Sensing techniques.
Power Consumption Method: –Ground water extraction for unit power consumption (electric) is
determined. Extraction per unit power consumption is then multiplied with number of units of power
consumed for agricultural pump sets to obtain total ground water extraction for irrigation.
2.10.2 Ground Water Extraction for Domestic Use (GEDOM)
There are several methods for estimation of extraction for domestic use (GEDOM). Some of the
commonly adopted methods are described here.
Unit Draft Method: – In this method, unit draft of each type of well is multiplied by the number of wells
used for domestic purpose to obtain the domestic ground water extraction.
Consumptive Use Method: – In this method, population is multiplied with per capita consumption
usually expressed in litre per capita per day (lpcd). It can be expressed using following equation.

11 | G W R A R e p o r t 2 0 2 4 - K a r n a t a k a
Where,
Lg = Fractional Load on Ground Water for Domestic Water Supply.
The Load on Ground water can be obtained from the Information based on Civic water supply
agencies in urban areas.
2.10.3 Ground Water Extraction for Industrial Use (GEIND)
The commonly adopted methods for estimating the extraction for industrial use are as below:
Unit Draft Method: - In this method, unit draft of each type of well is multiplied by the number of wells
used for industrial purpose to obtain the industrial ground water extraction.
Consumptive Use Pattern Method: – In this method, water consumption of different industrial units is
determined. Numbers of Industrial units which are dependent on ground water are multiplied with unit
water consumption to obtain ground water extraction for industrial use.

Where,
Lg = Fractional load on ground water for industrial water supply.
The load on ground water for industrial water supply can be obtained from water supply
agencies in the Industrial belt.
Ground water extraction obtained from different methods need to be compared and based on
field checks, the seemingly best value may be adopted. At times, ground water extraction obtained by
different methods may vary widely. In such cases, the value matching the field situation should be
considered. The storage depletion during a season, where other recharges are negligible can be taken as
ground water extraction during that particular period.

2.11 Stage of Ground Water Extraction

The stage of ground water extraction is defined by,

The existing gross ground water extraction for all uses refers to the total of existing gross ground
water extraction for irrigation and all other purposes. The stage of ground water extraction should be
obtained separately for command areas, non-command areas and poor ground water quality areas.
2.11.1 Validation of Stage of Ground Water Extraction
The assessment based on the stage of ground water extraction has inherent uncertainties. In
view of this, it is desirable to validate the ‘Stage of Ground Water Extraction’ with long term trend of
ground water levels. Long term Water Level trends are prepared for a minimum period of 10 years for
both pre-monsoon and post-monsoon period. If the ground water resource assessment and the trend of
long term water levels contradict each other, this anomalous situation requires a review of the ground
water resource computation, as well as the reliability of water level data. The mismatch conditions are
enumerated below.

12 | G W R A R e p o r t 2 0 2 4 - K a r n a t a k a
 SOGWE Ground Water Level Trend Remarks
≤ 70% Significant decline in trend in both pre- Not acceptable and needs
monsoon and post-monsoon reassessment
> 100% No significant decline in both pre-monsoon and Not acceptable and needs
post-monsoon long term trend reassessment

2.12 Categorisation of Assessment Unit

2.12.1 Categorisation of Assessment Unit Based on Quantity
The categorisation based on status of ground water quantity is defined by Stage of Ground
Water Extraction as given below:
Stage of Ground Water Extraction Category
≤ 70% Safe
> 70% and ≤90% Semi-critical
> 90% and ≤100% Critical
> 100% Over Exploited
2.12.2 Categorisation of Assessment Unit Based on Quality
As it is not possible to categorize the assessment units in terms of the extent of quality hazard,
based on the available water quality monitoring mechanism and database on ground water quality, the
Committee recommends that each assessment unit, in addition to the Quantity based categorization
(safe, semi-critical, critical and over-exploited) should bear a quality hazard identifier. If any of the three
quality hazards in terms of Arsenic, Fluoride and Salinity are encountered in the assessment sub unit in
mappable units, the assessment sub unit has been tagged with the particular Quality hazard.

2.13 Allocation of Ground Water Resource for Utilisation

The Annual Extractable Ground Water Resources are to be apportioned between domestic,
industrial and irrigation uses. Among these, as per the National Water Policy, requirement for domestic
water supply is to be accorded priority. This requirement based on population has been projected to the
year 2025, per capita requirement of water for domestic use, and relative load on ground water for
urban and rural water supply. In situations where adequate data is not available to make this estimate,
the following empirical relation has been utilized.

Where,
Alloc = Allocation for domestic water requirement
N = population density in the unit in thousands per sq. km.
Lg= fractional load on ground water for domestic water supply (≤ 1.0)
2.14 Net Annual Ground Water Availability for Future Use
The water available for future use is obtained by deducting the allocation for domestic use and
current extraction for Irrigation and Industrial uses from the Annual Extractable Ground Water Recharge.
The resulting ground water potential is termed as the net annual ground water availability for future use.
The Net annual ground water availability for future use is calculated separately for non-command areas
and command areas. As per the recommendations of the R&D Advisory committee, the ground water
available for future use can never be negative. If it becomes negative, the future allocation of Domestic

13 | G W R A R e p o r t 2 0 2 4 - K a r n a t a k a
needs can be reduced to current extraction for domestic use. Even then if it is still negative, then the
ground water available for future uses has been projected as zero.

2.15 Additional Potential Resources under Specific Conditions

2.15.1 Potential Resource Due to Spring Discharge
Spring discharge occurs at the places where ground water level cuts the surface topography. The
spring discharge is equal to the ground water recharge minus the outflow through evaporation and
evapotranspiration and vertical and lateral sub-surface flow. Thus, Spring Discharge is a form of ‘Annual
Extractable Ground Water Recharge’. It is a renewable resource, though has not been used for
Categorisation. Spring discharge measurement has been carried out by volumetric measurement of
discharge of the springs. Spring discharges multiplied with time in days of each season will give the
quantum of spring resources available during that season. However, for Karnataka State, potential
recharge due to spring discharge was not estimated since the number of springs are limited and does not
contribute significantly to the groundwater resources.

Where,
Q = Spring Discharge
No of days = No of days spring yields.
2.15.2 Potential Resource in Waterlogged and Shallow Water Table Areas
In the area where the ground water level is less than 5m below ground level or in waterlogged
areas, the resources up to 5m below ground level are potential and would be available for development
in addition to the annual recharge in the area. The computation of potential resource to ground water
reservoir in shallow water table areas has been done by adopting the following equation. However, for
Karnataka State, potential recharge due to water logging was not estimated since no water logged or
water logging prone area has been reported.

Where,
D = Depth to water table below ground surface in pre-monsoon period in shallow aquifers.
A = Area of shallow water table zone.
SY = Specific Yield
2.15.3 Potential Resource in Flood Prone Areas
Ground water recharge from a flood plain is mainly the function of the following parameters-
• Areal extent of flood plain
• Retention period of flood
• Type of sub-soil strata and silt charge in the river water which gets deposited and controls
seepage

Since collection of data on all these factors is time taking and difficult, in the meantime, the
potential resource from flood plain may be estimated on the same norms as for ponds, tanks and lakes.
This has been calculated over the water spread area and only for the retention period using the following
formula.

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Where,
N = No. of Days Water is Retained in the Area
A = Flood Prone Area
2.16 Apportioning of Ground Water Assessment from Watershed to Development
Unit
Where the assessment unit is a watershed, there is a need to convert the ground water
assessment in terms of an administrative unit such as block/ taluka/ mandal. This has been done as
follows.
A block may comprise of one or more watersheds, in part or full. First, the ground water
assessment in the subareas, command, non-command and poor ground water quality areas of the
watershed has been converted into depth unit (mm), by dividing the annual recharge by the respective
area. The contribution of this subarea of the watershed to the block, is now calculated by multiplying this
depth with the area in the block occupied by this sub-area.
The total ground water resource of the block has been presented separately for each type of sub-
area, namely for command areas, non-command areas and poor ground water quality areas, as in the
case of the individual watersheds. However, for Karnataka State, apportioning has not been done as the
assessment unit is taluk.

2.17 Ground Water Assessment in Urban Areas

The Assessment of Ground Water Resources in urban areas is similar to that of rural areas.
Because of the availability of draft data and slightly different infiltration process and recharge due to
other sources, the following few points are to be considered.
• Even though the data on existing ground water abstraction structures are available, accuracy is
somewhat doubtful and individuals cannot even enumerate the well census in urban areas.
Hence the difference of the actual demand and the supply by surface water sources as the
withdrawal from the ground water resources has been considered for the assessment.
• The urban areas are sometimes concrete jungles and rainfall infiltration is not equal to that of
rural areas unless and until special measures are taken in the construction of roads and
pavements. Hence, 30% of the rainfall infiltration factor has been taken into consideration for
urban areas as an adhoc arrangement till field studies in these areas are done and documented
field studies are available. However in case of Bangalore city assessment unit, the data on
concretized area was demarcated and subtracted from the total area to arrive at the recharge
worthy areas.
• Because of the water supply schemes, there are many pipelines available in the urban areas and
the seepages from these channels or pipes are huge in some areas. Hence this component has
been included in the other resources and the recharge has also been considered. The percent
losses @ 26% had been collected from BWSSB and 50% of which has been considered as
recharge to the ground water system.
• Urban areas with population more than 10 lakhs, has been considered as urban assessment unit
while assessing the dynamic ground water resources.

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2.18 Ground Water Assessment in Water Level Depletion Zones
There are areas where ground water level shows a decline even in the monsoon season. The
reasons for this may be any one of the following: (a) There is a genuine depletion in the ground water
regime, with ground water extraction and natural ground water discharge in the monsoon season
(outflow from the region and base flow) exceeding the recharge. (b) There may be an error in water level
data due to inadequacy of observation wells.
If it is concluded that the water level data is erroneous, recharge assessment has been made
based on rainfall infiltration factor method. If, on the other hand, water level data is assessed as reliable,
the ground water level fluctuation method has been applied for recharge estimation. As ΔS in equation
3& 4 is negative, the estimated recharge will be less than the gross ground water extraction in the
monsoon season. It must be noted that this recharge is the gross recharge minus the natural discharges
in the monsoon season. The immediate conclusion from such an assessment in water depletion zones is
that the area falls under the over-exploited category which requires micro level study.

2.19 NORMS USED IN THE ASSESSMENT

2.19.1 Specific Yield
Recently under Aquifer Mapping Project, Central Ground Water Board has classified all the
aquifers into 14 Principal Aquifers which in turn were divided into 42 Major Aquifers. Hence, it is
required to assign Specific Yield values to all these aquifer units. The values recommended in the Table-
2.2 has been followed in the present assessments, unless sufficient data based on field studies are
available to justify the minimum, maximum or other intermediate values
Table - 2.2: Norms Recommended for Specific Yield
Sl. Principal Major Aquifers Age Recommended Minimum Maximum
No. Aquifer (%) (%) (%)
Code Name
1 Alluvium AL01 Younger Alluvium Quaternary 10 8 12
(Clay/Silt/Sand/ Calcareous
concretions)
2 Alluvium AL02 Pebble / Gravel/ Bazada/ Quaternary 16 12 20
Kandi
3 Alluvium AL03 Older Alluvium Quaternary 6 4 8
(Silt/Sand/Gravel/Lithomargic
clay)
4 Alluvium AL04 Aeolian Alluvium (Silt/ Sand) Quaternary 16 12 20
5 Alluvium AL05 Coastal Alluvium Quaternary 10 8 12
(Sand/Silt/Clay)
6 Alluvium AL06 Valley Fills Quaternary 16 12 20
7 Alluvium AL07 Glacial Deposits Quaternary 16 12 20
8 Laterite LT01 Laterite / Ferruginous Quaternary 2.5 2 3
concretions
9 Basalt BS01 Basic Rocks (Basalt) - Mesozoic to 2 1 3
Weathered, Vesicular or Cenozoic
Jointed
10 Basalt BS01 Basic Rocks (Basalt) - Massive Mesozoic to 0.35 0.2 0.5
Poorly Jointed Cenozoic
11 Basalt BS02 Ultra Basic - Weathered, Mesozoic to 2 1 3
Vesicular or Jointed Cenozoic

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 Sl. Principal Major Aquifers Age Recommended Minimum Maximum
No. Aquifer (%) (%) (%)
Code Name
12 Basalt BS02 Ultra Basic - Massive Poorly Mesozoic to 0.35 0.2 0.5
Jointed Cenozoic
13 Sandstone ST01 Sandstone/Conglomerate Upper 3 1 5
Palaeozoic
to Cenozoic
14 Sandstone ST02 Sandstone with Shale Upper 3 1 5
Palaeozoic
to Cenozoic
15 Sandstone ST03 Sandstone with shale/ coal Upper 3 1 5
beds Palaeozoic
to Cenozoic
16 Sandstone ST04 Sandstone with Clay Upper 3 1 5
Palaeozoic
to Cenozoic
17 Sandstone ST05 Sandstone/Conglomerate Proterozoic 3 1 5
to Cenozoic
18 Sandstone ST06 Sandstone with Shale Proterozoic 3 1 5
to Cenozoic
19 Shale SH01 Shale with limestone Upper 1.5 1 2
Palaeozoic
to Cenozoic
20 Shale SH02 Shale with Sandstone Upper 1.5 1 2
Palaeozoic
to Cenozoic
21 Shale SH03 Shale, limestone and Upper 1.5 1 2
sandstone Palaeozoic
to Cenozoic
22 Shale SH04 Shale Upper 1.5 1 2
Palaeozoic
to Cenozoic
23 Shale SH05 Shale/Shale with Sandstone Proterozoic 1.5 1 2
to Cenozoic
24 Shale SH06 Shale with Limestone Proterozoic 1.5 1 2
to Cenozoic
25 Limestone LS01 Miliolitic Limestone Quarternary 2 1 3
26 Limestone LS01 KarstifiedMiliolitic Limestone Quarternary 10 5 15
27 Limestone LS02 Limestone / Dolomite Upper 2 1 3
Palaeozoic
to Cenozoic
28 Limestone LS02 Karstified Limestone / Upper 10 5 15
Dolomite Palaeozoic
to Cenozoic
29 Limestone LS03 Limestone/Dolomite Proterozoic 2 1 3
30 Limestone LS03 Karstified Proterozoic 10 5 15
Limestone/Dolomite
31 Limestone LS04 Limestone with Shale Proterozoic 2 1 3
32 Limestone LS04 Karstified Limestone with Proterozoic 10 5 15
Shale
33 Limestone LS05 Marble Azoic to 2 1 3
Proterozoic
34 Limestone LS05 Karstified Marble Azoic to 10 5 15
Proterozoic

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 Sl. Principal Major Aquifers Age Recommended Minimum Maximum
No. Aquifer (%) (%) (%)
Code Name
35 Granite GR01 Acidic Rocks (Granite,Syenite, Mesozoic to 1.5 1 2
Rhyolite etc.) - Weathered, Cenozoic
Jointed
36 Granite GR01 Acidic Rocks (Granite,Syenite, Mesozoic to 0.35 0.2 0.5
Rhyolite etc.)-Massive or Cenozoic
Poorly Fractured
37 Granite GR02 Acidic Rocks (Pegmatite, Proterozoic 3 2 4
Granite, Syenite, Rhyolite to Cenozoic
etc.) - Weathered, Jointed
38 Granite GR02 Acidic Rocks (Pegmatite, Proterozoic 0.35 0.2 0.5
Granite, Syenite, Rhyolite to Cenozoic
etc.) - Massive, Poorly
Fractured
39 Schist SC01 Schist - Weathered, Jointed Azoic to 1.5 1 2
Proterozoic
40 Schist SC01 Schist - Massive, Poorly Azoic to 0.35 0.2 0.5
Fractured Proterozoic
41 Schist SC02 Phyllite Azoic to 1.5 1 2
Proterozoic
42 Schist SC03 Slate Azoic to 1.5 1 2
Proterozoic
43 Quartzite QZ01 Quartzite - Weathered, Proterozoic 1.5 1 2
Jointed to Cenozoic
44 Quartzite QZ01 Quartzite - Massive, Poorly Proterozoic 0.3 0.2 0.4
Fractured to Cenozoic
45 Quartzite QZ02 Quartzite - Weathered, Azoic to 1.5 1 2
Jointed Proterozoic
46 Quartzite QZ02 Quartzite- Massive, Poorly Azoic to 0.3 0.2 0.4
Fractured Proterozoic
47 Charnockite CK01 Charnockite - Weathered, Azoic 3 2 4
Jointed
48 Charnockite CK01 Charnockite - Massive, Poorly Azoic 0.3 0.2 0.4
Fractured
49 Khondalite KH01 Khondalites, Granulites - Azoic 1.5 1 2
Weathered, Jointed
50 Khondalite KH01 Khondalites, Granulites - Azoic 0.3 0.2 0.4
Mssive, Poorly Fractured
51 Banded BG01 Banded Gneissic Complex - Azoic 1.5 1 2
Gneissic Weathered, Jointed
Complex
52 Banded BG01 Banded Gneissic Complex - Azoic 0.3 0.2 0.4
Gneissic Massive, Poorly Fractured
Complex
53 Gneiss GN01 Undifferentiated Azoic to 1.5 1 2
metasedimentaries/ Proterozoic
Undifferentiated
metamorphic - Weathered,
Jointed
54 Gneiss GN01 Undifferentiated Azoic to 0.3 0.2 0.4
metasedimentaries/ Proterozoic
Undifferentiated
metamorphic - Massive,
Poorly Fractured

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 Sl. Principal Major Aquifers Age Recommended Minimum Maximum
No. Aquifer (%) (%) (%)
Code Name
55 Gneiss GN02 Gneiss -Weathered, Jointed Azoic to 3 2 4
Proterozoic
56 Gneiss GN02 Gneiss-Massive, Poorly Azoic to 0.3 0.2 0.4
Fractured Proterozoic
57 Gneiss GN03 Migmatitic Gneiss - Azoic 1.5 1 2
Weathered, Jointed
58 Gneiss GN03 Migmatitic Gneiss - Massive, Azoic 0.3 0.2 0.4
Poorly Fractured
59 Intrusive IN01 Basic Rocks (Dolerite, Proterozoic 2 1 3
Anorthosite etc.) - to Cenozoic
Weathered, Jointed
60 Intrusive IN01 Basic Rocks (Dolerite, Proterozoic 0.35 0.2 0.5
Anorthosite etc.) - Massive, to Cenozoic
Poorly Fractured
61 Intrusive IN02 Ultrabasics (Epidiorite, Proterozoic 2 1 3
Granophyre etc.) - to Cenozoic
Weathered, Jointed
62 Intrusive IN02 Ultrabasics (Epidiorite, Proterozoic 0.35 0.2 0.5
Granophyre etc.) - Massive, to Cenozoic
Poorly Fractured
2.19.2 Rainfall Infiltration Factor
The values mentioned in Table-2.3 has been used in the present assessment. The recommended
Rainfall Infiltration Factor values has been used for assessment, unless sufficient data based on field
studies are available to justify the minimum, maximum or other intermediate values.
Table - 2.3: Norms Recommended for Rainfall Infiltration Factor
Sl. Principal Major Aquifers Age Recommended Minimum Maximum
No. Aquifer Code Name (%) (%) (%)
1 Alluvium AL01 Younger Alluvium Quaternary 22 20 24
(Clay/Silt/Sand/ Calcareous
concretions)
2 Alluvium AL02 Pebble / Gravel/ Bazada/ Quaternary 22 20 24
Kandi
3 Alluvium AL03 Older Alluvium Quaternary 22 20 24
(Silt/Sand/Gravel/Lithomargic
clay)
4 Alluvium AL04 Aeolian Alluvium (Silt/ Sand) Quaternary 22 20 24
5 Alluvium AL05 Coastal Alluvium Quaternary 16 14 18
(Sand/Silt/Clay) -East Coast
5 Alluvium AL05 Coastal Alluvium Quaternary 10 8 12
(Sand/Silt/Clay) - West Coast
6 Alluvium AL06 Valley Fills Quaternary 22 20 24
7 Alluvium AL07 Glacial Deposits Quaternary 22 20 24
8 Laterite LT01 Laterite / Ferruginous Quaternary 7 6 8
concretions
9 Basalt BS01 Basic Rocks (Basalt) - Mesozoic to 13 12 14
Vesicular or Jointed Cenozoic
9 Basalt BS01 Basic Rocks (Basalt) - Mesozoic to 7 6 8
Weathered Cenozoic
10 Basalt BS01 Basic Rocks (Basalt) - Massive Mesozoic to 2 1 3
Poorly Jointed Cenozoic
11 Basalt BS02 Ultra Basic - Vesicular or Mesozoic to 13 12 14
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 Sl. Principal Major Aquifers Age Recommended Minimum Maximum
No. Aquifer Code Name (%) (%) (%)
Jointed Cenozoic
11 Basalt BS02 Ultra Basic - Weathered Mesozoic to 7 6 8
Cenozoic
12 Basalt BS02 Ultra Basic - Massive Poorly Mesozoic to 2 1 3
Jointed Cenozoic
13 Sandstone ST01 Sandstone/Conglomerate Upper 12 10 14
Palaeozoic to
Cenozoic
14 Sandstone ST02 Sandstone with Shale Upper 12 10 14
Palaeozoic to
Cenozoic
15 Sandstone ST03 Sandstone with shale/ coal Upper 12 10 14
beds Palaeozoic to
Cenozoic
16 Sandstone ST04 Sandstone with Clay Upper 12 10 14
Palaeozoic to
Cenozoic
17 Sandstone ST05 Sandstone/Conglomerate Proterozoic to 6 5 7
Cenozoic
18 Sandstone ST06 Sandstone with Shale Proterozoic to 6 5 7
Cenozoic
19 Shale SH01 Shale with limestone Upper 4 3 5
Palaeozoic to
Cenozoic
20 Shale SH02 Shale with Sandstone Upper 4 3 5
Palaeozoic to
Cenozoic
21 Shale SH03 Shale, limestone and Upper 4 3 5
sandstone Palaeozoic to
Cenozoic
22 Shale SH04 Shale Upper 4 3 5
Palaeozoic to
Cenozoic
23 Shale SH05 Shale/Shale with Sandstone Proterozoic to 4 3 5
Cenozoic
24 Shale SH06 Shale with Limestone Proterozoic to 4 3 5
Cenozoic
25 Limestone LS01 Miliolitic Limestone Quarternary 6 5 7
27 Limestone LS02 Limestone / Dolomite Upper 6 5 7
Palaeozoic to
Cenozoic
29 Limestone LS03 Limestone/Dolomite Proterozoic 6 5 7
31 Limestone LS04 Limestone with Shale Proterozoic 6 5 7
33 Limestone LS05 Marble Azoic to 6 5 7
Proterozoic
35 Granite GR01 Acidic Rocks (Granite,Syenite, Mesozoic to 7 5 9
Rhyolite etc.) - Weathered , Cenozoic
Jointed
36 Granite GR01 Acidic Rocks (Granite,Syenite, Mesozoic to 2 1 3
Rhyolite etc.)-Massive or Cenozoic
Poorly Fractured
37 Granite GR02 Acidic Rocks (Pegmatite, Proterozoic 11 10 12
Granite, Syenite, Rhyolite to Cenozoic
etc.) - Weathered, Jointed

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 Sl. Principal Major Aquifers Age Recommended Minimum Maximum
No. Aquifer Code Name (%) (%) (%)
38 Granite GR02 Acidic Rocks (Pegmatite, Proterozoic 2 1 3
Granite, Syenite, Rhyolite to Cenozoic
etc.) - Massive, Poorly
Fractured
39 Schist SC01 Schist - Weathered, Jointed Azoic to 7 5 9
Proterozoic
40 Schist SC01 Schist - Massive, Poorly Azoic to 2 1 3
Fractured Proterozoic
41 Schist SC02 Phyllite Azoic to 4 3 5
Proterozoic
42 Schist SC03 Slate Azoic to 4 3 5
Proterozoic
43 Quartzite QZ01 Quartzite - Weathered, Proterozoic to 6 5 7
Jointed Cenozoic
44 Quartzite QZ01 Quartzite - Massive, Poorly Proterozoic to 2 1 3
Fractured Cenozoic
45 Quartzite QZ02 Quartzite - Weathered, Azoic to 6 5 7
Jointed Proterozoic
46 Quartzite QZ02 Quartzite- Massive, Poorly Azoic to 2 1 3
Fractured Proterozoic
47 Charnockite CK01 Charnockite - Weathered, Azoic 5 4 6
Jointed
48 Charnockite CK01 Charnockite - Massive, Poorly Azoic 2 1 3
Fractured
49 Khondalite KH01 Khondalites, Granulites - Azoic 7 5 9
Weathered, Jointed
50 Khondalite KH01 Khondalites, Granulites - Azoic 2 1 3
Mssive, Poorly Fractured
51 Banded BG01 Banded Gneissic Complex - Azoic 7 5 9
Gneissic Weathered, Jointed
Complex
52 Banded BG01 Banded Gneissic Complex - Azoic 2 1 3
Gneissic Massive, Poorly Fractured
Complex
53 Gneiss GN01 Undifferentiated Azoic to 7 5 9
metasedimentaries/ Proterozoic
Undifferentiated
metamorphic - Weathered,
Jointed
54 Gneiss GN01 Undifferentiated Azoic to 2 1 3
metasedimentaries/ Proterozoic
Undifferentiated
metamorphic - Massive,
Poorly Fractured
55 Gneiss GN02 Gneiss -Weathered, Jointed Azoic to 11 10 12
Proterozoic
56 Gneiss GN02 Gneiss-Massive, Poorly Azoic to 2 1 3
Fractured Proterozoic
57 Gneiss GN03 Migmatitic Gneiss - Azoic 7 5 9
Weathered, Jointed
58 Gneiss GN03 Migmatitic Gneiss - Massive, Azoic 2 1 3
Poorly Fractured
59 Intrusive IN01 Basic Rocks (Dolerite, Proterozoic 7 6 8
Anorthosite etc.) - to Cenozoic

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 Sl. Principal Major Aquifers Age Recommended Minimum Maximum
No. Aquifer Code Name (%) (%) (%)
Weathered, Jointed
60 Intrusive IN01 Basic Rocks (Dolerite, Proterozoic 2 1 3
Anorthosite etc.) - Massive, to Cenozoic
Poorly Fractured
61 Intrusive IN02 Ulrta Basics (Epidiorite, Proterozoic 7 6 8
Granophyre etc.) - to Cenozoic
Weathered, Jointed
62 Intrusive IN02 Ulrta Basics (Epidiorite, Proterozoic 2 1 3
Granophyre etc.) - Massive, to Cenozoic
Poorly Fractured
2.19.3 Norms for Canal Recharge
The Norms suggested in Table-2.4 has been used for estimating the recharge from Canals, where
sufficient data based on field studies are not available.
Table- 2.4: Norms Recommended for Recharge due to Canals
Formation Canal Seepage factor ham/day/million square
meters of wetted area
Recommended Minimum Maximum
Unlined canals in normal soils with 17.5 15 20
some clay content along with sand
Unlined canals in sandy soil with some 27.5 25 30
silt content
Lined canals in normal soils with some 3.5 3 4
clay content along with sand
Lined canals in sandy soil with some 5.5 5 6
silt content
All canals in hard rock area 3.5 3 4

2.19.4 Norms for Recharge Due to Irrigation

The Recommended Norms for recharge due to return flow from irrigation are presented in
Table-2.5.
Table - 2.5: Norms Recommended for Recharge from Irrigation
DTW Ground Water Surface Water
m bgl Paddy Non-paddy Paddy Non-paddy
≤ 10 45.0 25.0 50.0 30.0
11 43.3 23.7 48.3 28.7
12 40.4 22.1 45.1 26.8
13 37.7 20.6 42.1 25.0
14 35.2 19.2 39.3 23.3
15 32.9 17.9 36.7 21.7
16 30.7 16.7 34.3 20.3
17 28.7 15.6 32.0 18.9
18 26.8 14.6 29.9 17.6
19 25.0 13.6 27.9 16.4
20 23.3 12.7 26.0 15.3
21 21.7 11.9 24.3 14.3

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DTW Ground Water Surface Water
m bgl Paddy Non-paddy Paddy Non-paddy
22 20.3 11.1 22.7 13.3
23 18.9 10.4 21.2 12.4
24 17.6 9.7 19.8 11.6
≥ 25 20.0 5.0 25.0 10.0
2.19.5 Norms for Recharge due to Tanks & Ponds
As the data on the field studies for computing recharge from Tanks & Ponds are very limited, for
Seepage from Tanks & Ponds has been used as 1.4 mm / day in the present assessment.
2.19.6 Norms for Recharge due to Water Conservation Structures
The data on the field studies for computing recharge from Water Conservation Structures are
very limited, hence, the norm recommended by GEC-2015 for the seepage from Water Conservation
Structures is 40% of gross storage during a year which means 20% during monsoon season and 20%
during non-monsoon Season is adopted.
2.19.7 Unit Draft
The methodology recommends to use well census method for computing the ground water draft.
The norm used for computing ground water draft is the unit draft. The unit draft can be computed by
field studies. This method involves selecting representative abstraction structure and calculating the
discharge from that particular type of structure and collecting the information on how many hours of
pumping is being done in various seasons and number of such days during each season. The Unit Draft
during a particular season is computed using the following equation:

But the procedure that is being followed for computing unit draft does not have any
normalization procedure. Normally, if the year in which one collects the draft data in the field is an
excess rainfall year, the abstraction from ground water will be less. Similarly, if the year of the
computation of unit draft is a drought year the unit draft will be high. Hence, there is a requirement to
devise a methodology that can be used for the normalization of unit draft figures. The following are the
two simple techniques, which are followed for normalization of Unit Draft. Areas where, unit draft values
for one rainfall cycle are available for at least 10 years second method shown in equation 31 is followed
or else the first method shown in equation 30 has been used.

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2.20 India -Groundwater Resource Estimation System (In-Gres)
“INDIA-GROUNDWATER RESOURCE ESTIMATION SYSTEM (IN-GRES) is a Software/Web-based
Application developed by CGWB in collaboration with IIT-Hyderabad. It provides common and
standardized platform for Ground Water Resource Estimation for the entire country and its pan-India
operationalization (Central and State Governments). The system takes ‘Data Input’ through Excel as well
as Forms, compute various ground water components (recharge, extraction etc.) and classify assessment
units into appropriate categories (safe, semi-critical, critical and over-exploited). The Software uses GEC
2015 Methodology for estimation and calculation of Groundwater resources. It allows for unique and
homogeneous representation of groundwater fluxes as well as categories for all the assessment units
(AU) of the country.
URL of IN-GRES →[Link]

24 | G W R A R e p o r t 2 0 2 4 - K a r n a t a k a
3 RAINFALL
3.1 Normal Annual Rainfall
In Karnataka typical monsoon is experienced. Bulk of the annual rainfall is received during the
south-west (June to September) and north-east (October-December) monsoons. Pre-monsoon thunder
storms also contribute significant to considerable rainfall. Humid to semi-arid climatic conditions prevail
in the state. In general rainfall varies from about 400 mm in the northern fringe of the state to more than
4000 mm in the west (Fig.3.1). The state can be broadly classified into four distinct climatic zones. These
are:
I. Narrow Coastal Zone along the West Coast: The whole of Dakshina Kannada, Udupi and western parts
of Uttara Kannada district come under this zone. The rainfall generally increases from the coast towards
the mountains on the east and from north to south and it ranges from 3000 to 5000 mm. Average rainfall
is around 4000 mm and bulk of this rainfall occurs during the south west monsoon period lasting from
June to September. July is the wettest month.
II. The Mountain (Malnad) Zone: Parts of Belagavi, Uttara Kannada, Shimoga, Chikamagalur, Hassan,
Kodagu and Mysuru districts fall under this zone. The area is composed of series of mountain sand dense
tropical forests. Rainfall is over 4000 mm on hill tops and around 2000 mm in the adjoining forest areas.
The south west monsoon yields the bulk of the rainfall and July is the wettest month. The rainfall
decreases from west to east.
III. The Northern Plains: Eastern part of Belagavi and whole of Bidar, Vijayapura, Bagalkote, Bellary,
Kalaburagi, Dharwad, Gadag, Haveri, Raichur and Koppal fall in this zone. Bulk of the rainfall occurs in the
winter months. The rainfall decreases from the west to east and it ranges from 400 to 800 mm. On an
average about 600 mm rainfall is received annually. September is usually the month of peak rainfall.
IV. The Southern Plains: Parts of Shimoga, Chikamagalur, Hassan, Mysuru and whole of Mandya,
Tumkur, Bangalore and Kolar districts fall in this zone. In these parts, rainfall ranges from 600 mm to
around 1000 mm. Considerable rainfall occurs during the pre-monsoon months due to thunder storms.
Both the monsoons are active giving copious amounts of rainfall. The peak rainfall is found to occur in
September/October with a secondary peak occurring in May. The average rain fall in these parts is
around 700-800 mm.

3.2 District Wise Normal Annual Rainfall

The district wise normal annual rainfall is presented in Table - 3.1. The data has been collected
from KSNDMC, GoK. It indicates that the normal annual rainfall varies from 540 mm in Chitradurga
district to 4535 mm in Udupi district. The average normal annual rainfall for the State is 1153 mm. The
lower normal annual rainfall of upto 750 mm is observed in Chitradurga, Bagalkote, Vijayapura, Ballari,
Koppal, Gadag, Vijayanagara, Raichur, Davanagere, Tumkur, Mandya, Yadgir, Kolar and Chickballapura
districts, whereas in Kalaburugi, Chamrajnagara, Dharwad, Bengaluru Rural, Haveri, Belagavi, Mysuru,
Bidar, Ramanagara and Bengaluru Urban districts normal annual rainfall of 750 to 1000 mm is observed.
Whereas higher normal annual rainfall of 1000 to 2000 mm is observed in Hassan and Chikkamagaluru
districts and very high normal annual rainfall of more than 2000 mm is observed in Shimoga, Kodagu,
Uttara Kannada, Dakshina Kannada and Udupi districts.

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Table - 3.1: District wise Normal Annual Rainfall
S. District Normal Annual Rainfall
No. (mm)
1. Bengaluru Urban 846
2. Bengaluru Rural 798
3. Ramanagara 840
4. Kolar 735
5. Chikkaballapura 736
6. Tumakuru 669
7. Chitradurga 540
8. Davanagere 659
9. Chamarajanagara 787
10. Mysuru 837
11. Mandya 699
12. Ballari 599
13. Vijayanagar 643
14. Koppala 614
15. Raichur 654
16. Kalaburagi 770
17. Yadgir 719
18. Bidar 838
19. Belagavi 826
20. Bagalkote 582
21. Vijayapura 591
22. Gadag 624
23. Haveri 800
24. Dharwad 787
25. Shivamogga 2325
26. Hassan 1142
27. Chikkamagaluru 1833
28. Kodagu 2729
29. Dakshina Kannada 4006
30. Udupi 4535

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 S. District Normal Annual Rainfall
No. (mm)
31. Uttara Kannada 2936
State Average 1153

Fig.3.1: Composition of Permanent State Level Committee

3.3 District Wise Rainfall during the Calendar Year 2023

3.3.1 District Wise Annual Rainfall during the Calendar Year 2023
The district wise annual rainfall during the calendar year 2023 is presented in Table -3.2. The
data has been collected from KSNDMC, GoK. It indicates that the annual rainfall varies from 266 mm in
Ballari district to 3525 mm in Udupi district. The overall annual rainfall during the year 2023 in the State
was 872 mm which was 24% deficit as compared to the normal annual rainfall. The deficit rainfall (<-20%)
was recorded in 19 districts viz., Chickballapur, Udupi, Ramanagara, Chamrajanagara, Hassan, Raichur,
Vijayapura, Davanagere, Dharwad, Chitradurga, Chikkamagaluru, Gadag, Shivamogga, Koppal, Kodagu,

27 | G W R A R e p o r t 2 0 2 4 - K a r n a t a k a
 Haveri, Bagalkote, Vijayanagara and Ballari districts and the deficit ranged from -20 % to -56 %. The
normal rainfall (-20 to +20 %) was recorded in 12 districts viz., Kolar, Kalaburagi, Bengaluru Rural,
Tumakuru, Mandya, Mysuru, Belagavi, Uttara Kannada, Dakshina Kannada, Bengaluru Urban, Yadgir and
Bidar districts and in these districts also it was negative as compared to normal annual rainfall. Thus,
indicating that the annual rainfall during the year 2023 was deficit in major parts of the State, severely
affecting the natural rainfall recharge, which was evident in the estimation of rainfall recharge discussed
in subsequent chapters.
3.3.2 District Wise Seasonal Rainfall during the Calendar Year 2023
The district wise seasonal rainfall during the calendar year 2023 is presented in Table-3.2. The
data has been collected from KSNDMC, GoK. During the year 2023, the South west monsoon season
(June to September) has received the maximum cumulative rainfall of 642 mm in the state, North-east
monsoon (October to December) has received rainfall of 114 mm and during pre-monsoon (January to
May) season the rainfall of 116 mm was received in the state. During the south-west monsoon the
highest rainfall of 3156 mm is received in Udupi district and the lowest rainfall of 183 mm is received in
Chitradurga district. Further, the during the north-east monsoon, the highest rainfall of 549 mm is
received in Dakshina Kannada district and the lowest rainfall of 16 mm in Yadgir district. During the Pre-
monsoon season the highest rainfall of 224 mm is received in Chamrajanagar district and the lowest
rainfall of 39 mm in Uttara Kannada district. As compared the normal rainfall, the pre-monsoon season
has received 1 % of excess rainfall, South west monsoon season has received 25 % of deficit rainfall and
north east monsoon season has received 24 % of deficit rainfall during the year 2023 in Karnataka State.
The deficit rainfall in South-west monsoon and North-east monsoon has seen as reduction of
groundwater recharge through rainfall during the 2024 ground water resource assessment.
Table - 3.2: District wise Seasonal Normal and Actual Rainfall during the Calendar Year 2023
S. District Pre-Monsoon Southwest-Monsoon 2023 Northeast Monsoon 2023 Cumulative Rainfall
No. Cumulative Rainfall Rainfall pattern (1st October to 31st 2023
(1st March to 31st (1st June to 30th December) (1st January to 31st
May 2023) September) December)
Normal Actual % Normal Actual % Normal Actual % Normal Actual %
(mm) (mm) DEP (mm) (mm) DEP (mm) (mm) DEP (mm) (mm) DEP
1 Bengaluru Urban 149 209 40 471 324 -31 219 156 -29 846 689 -18
2 Bengaluru Rural 135 164 22 444 406 -9 213 131 -38 798 701 -12
3 Ramanagara 170 214 25 436 278 -36 226 155 -31 840 647 -23
4 Kolar 111 214 92 399 355 -11 219 120 -45 735 689 -6
5 Chikkaballapura 102 144 41 416 334 -20 211 108 -49 736 586 -20
6 Tumakuru 118 172 46 358 297 -17 186 105 -44 669 574 -14
7 Chitradurga 100 75 -25 282 183 -35 155 96 -38 540 353 -35
8 Davanagere 102 66 -36 393 308 -22 161 97 -40 659 470 -29
9 Chamarajanagara 193 224 16 320 202 -37 263 175 -33 787 601 -24
10 Mysuru 198 207 5 419 267 -36 214 215 1 837 690 -18
11 Mandya 159 175 10 316 213 -33 217 192 -11 699 580 -17
12 Ballari 70 56 -21 366 187 -49 159 24 -85 599 266 -56
13 Vijayanagar 97 63 -35 389 235 -40 155 40 -74 643 338 -47
14 Koppala 79 67 -15 383 269 -30 149 47 -68 614 383 -38
15 Raichur 64 111 73 440 346 -21 146 22 -85 654 479 -27
16 Kalaburagi 59 125 110 576 549 -5 127 42 -67 770 716 -7
17 Yadgir 60 98 62 517 468 -10 134 16 -88 719 582 -19
18 Bidar 60 200 235 650 595 -9 117 46 -60 838 840 0

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S. District Pre-Monsoon Southwest-Monsoon 2023 Northeast Monsoon 2023 Cumulative Rainfall
No. Cumulative Rainfall Rainfall pattern (1st October to 31st 2023
(1st March to 31st (1st June to 30th December) (1st January to 31st
May 2023) September) December)
Normal Actual % Normal Actual % Normal Actual % Normal Actual %
(mm) (mm) DEP (mm) (mm) DEP (mm) (mm) DEP (mm) (mm) DEP
19 Belagavi 93 86 -7 599 520 -13 133 72 -46 826 679 -18
20 Bagalkote 76 70 -9 362 242 -33 141 29 -79 582 341 -42
21 Vijayapura 58 89 54 396 297 -25 133 36 -73 591 422 -29
22 Gadag 104 64 -38 372 285 -23 147 50 -66 624 399 -36
23 Haveri 120 83 -31 512 350 -32 166 51 -69 800 483 -40
24 Dharwad 120 91 -25 514 399 -22 148 63 -58 787 552 -30
25 Shivamogga 127 82 -36 1991 1251 -37 205 146 -29 2325 1479 -36
26 Hassan 162 177 9 754 484 -36 220 197 -10 1142 859 -25
27 Chikkamagaluru 160 122 -23 1447 872 -40 221 199 -10 1833 1193 -35
28 Kodagu 245 153 -38 2188 1278 -42 288 259 -10 2729 1690 -38
29 Dakshina 237 119 -50 3388 2616 -23 376 549 46 4006 3284 -18
Kannada
30 Udupi 199 53 -73 4022 3156 -22 312 316 1 4535 3525 -22
31 Uttara Kannada 102 39 -62 2647 2244 -15 187 126 -32 2936 2408 -18

State 115 116 1 852 642 -25 182 114 -38 1153 872 -24

3.3.3 District Wise Monthly Rainfall during the Calendar Year 2023
The district wise monthly rainfall during the calendar year 2023 is presented in Table-3.3. The
data has been collected from KSNDMC, GoK. It indicates that the monthly average rainfall of the State
during the year 2023 varies from 0 mm in February to 349 mm in July month. The maximum average
rainfall of 349 mm amounting to 40% occurred during the month of July in the State, where as in
February month, there was no rainfall recorded in the State. The district wise monthly analysis indicates
that, in the month of July highest average rainfall is received in Udupi district amounting to 1805 mm
resulting in highest cumulative annual rainfall in the district.

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Table - 3.3: Rainfall during Ground Water Assessment Year 2023-24 for the State/UT and District wise
Jan Feb March April May June July August Sept Oct Nov Dec Total
S. No District
23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 2023
1 Bagalkote 0 0 4 26 39 19 106 24 92 6 23 0 341
2 Ballari 0 0 3 15 37 30 78 19 60 3 21 0 266
3 Belagavi 1 0 6 24 57 48 306 53 114 23 35 14 679
4 Bengaluru Rural 0 0 19 20 125 65 111 26 203 30 98 4 701
5 Bengaluru Urban 0 0 22 21 166 57 88 26 154 76 78 2 689
6 Bidar 1 0 39 93 68 75 304 21 195 15 30 1 840
7 Chamarajanagara 1 1 33 28 164 39 53 38 69 76 84 15 601
8 Chikkaballapura 0 0 29 16 99 55 69 16 196 16 82 11 586
9 Chikkamagaluru 3 0 7 35 81 88 550 85 152 94 82 24 1193
10 Chitradurga 0 0 1 24 49 52 72 11 48 9 75 12 353
11 Dakshina Kannada 1 0 1 20 98 349 1486 239 547 295 215 39 3284
12 Davanagere 0 0 4 13 48 48 169 24 67 8 87 2 470
13 Dharwad 0 0 3 18 70 44 252 41 62 19 41 2 552
14 Gadag 0 0 1 23 40 40 124 32 89 6 43 1 399
15 Hassan 0 0 4 31 142 64 265 49 106 98 79 21 859
16 Haveri 0 0 5 11 67 48 229 27 45 19 32 0 483
17 Kalaburagi 1 0 17 49 58 59 267 29 192 13 28 1 716
18 Kodagu 16 0 2 29 122 102 822 100 251 166 84 9 1690
19 Kolar 0 0 53 19 142 89 58 23 187 41 66 14 689
20 Koppala 0 0 1 26 40 42 109 31 89 7 38 2 383
21 Mandya 0 0 10 26 139 46 56 29 83 103 88 2 580
22 Mysuru 4 0 16 37 155 59 112 33 62 102 112 2 690
23 Raichur 0 0 6 45 60 44 148 39 111 3 19 1 479
24 Ramanagara 0 0 17 21 176 35 64 35 144 71 82 3 647
25 Shivamogga 2 0 3 14 65 125 868 108 156 52 88 6 1479
26 Tumakuru 0 0 14 37 121 61 86 23 126 27 76 3 574
27 Udupi 0 0 3 6 45 536 1805 302 529 152 139 25 3525
28 Uttara Kannada 0 0 2 5 32 313 1432 198 298 85 40 1 2408
29 Vijayanagar 0 0 3 11 49 45 108 25 60 4 35 1 338
30 Vijayapura 0 0 5 36 48 37 134 37 89 5 30 1 422
31 Yadgir 0 0 13 42 43 59 208 45 154 7 8 1 582
State 1 0 10 28 77 85 349 62 145 47 60 7 872

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4 HYDROGEOLOGICAL SETUP OF KARNATAKA STATE
4.1 Geology
Karnataka State comprises rock types of age from Archaean to Recent (Fig.4.1). Major portion of
the State is covered by Peninsular Gneisses, Granites and Dharwad Schists of Archaean age. Substantial
area in the northern part of Karnataka is underlain by basalts, which forms a continuation of the Deccan
Traps occurring in Karnataka. The sedimentary rocks comprising Bhima and Kaladgis occupy a small area
in the northern districts. The recent alluvium is restricted to an arrow belt in the coastal area and along
stream courses. The geological succession in the state is presented as below.
Table - 4.1: Geological Succession
Age Series/System Formation
Recent Soil & Alluvium Sand and Clay
Pliestocene Laterite Laterite
Tertiary to Mesozoic Deccan Trap Basalt Hard massive & vesicular Basalts
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Unconformity~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Lower Palaeozoic to Bhima Series Quartzites, Sandstones, Limestone,
upper Precambrian Shale and Conglomerates
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Unconformity~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Upper Precambrian Kaladgi Series Quartzites, Sandstones, Limestones,
Shale and Conglomerates.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Unconformity~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Lower Precambrian Dharwad system Volcanic, meta Dharwad Schist’s meta sediments,
sediments, Greenstone Green Stone Formations
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Unconformity~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Archaean Peninsular Gneissic complex Gneisses, Granites, Charnockites,
Khondalites

The Archaean crystalline rocks occupy nearly 79% of the total geographical area of the state.
Excepting Bidar district and northern parts of Belagavi, Bagalkote, Vijayapura and Kalaburagi district,
archaean crystalline rocks occur in the remaining parts of state. The gneissic complex is composed of
composite gneisses, migmatites, granites and quartz veins. Charnockites are exposed over a limited
extent in the southernmost parts of the state in kodagu and Mysuru districts. the weathered zone in
these crystalline extends from less than a meter to about 20m the thickness in general and at places it is
as deep as 60-90M. In parts of Belguam Bengaluru and kolar districts the weathered material is more of
clayey in nature.
The Dharwad mainly composed of slates, phyllites and schists form the second major group of
rocks occurring in about 40000 sq. km of the state. These are sub divided in to three main types namely
Chitradurga group, Dharwad sub group and Sargur group. They are wide spread in parts of Uttara
Kannada, Dharwad, Shimoga, Chitradurga and Chikamagalur districts where as in other districts their
occurrence is limited in extent as small strips distributed throughout gneissic terrain.
This group consists of volcanic rocks such as rhyolites, felsites etc., limestone, conglomerates,
quartzite (ferruginous), and Meta sediments as amphibolites sands chists. The schists and related
argillites form the valley portions, but in general, the Dharwad form high grounds. The weathered zone

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extends down to about 20m in the valleys. The Dharwad rocks have regional strike of NNW-SSE, which
tends to N-S in the southern part of Mysuru and even to NE-SW direction near the southern border.
Meta-Sedimentary formations of Bhimas, Kaladgis and Badamis are exposed over an area of
9640 sqkm in the state. The major litho units in the group are sand stone, quartzite, shale, slate,
limestone and dolomite. The Kaladgi formations are exposed over length of 160km between Krishna and
Malaprabha rivers in Belagavi and Vijayapura districts. The formation comprises of conglomerates,
quartzite, limestone and shale’s, which are divided into lower and upper series. The uppermost and
stone formations exposed at Badami and further east which are thick bedded and gritty are designated
as Badamis and stone. This horizon is considered as younger and equivalent to Bhima/Vindyas. This
formation however, occupies higher altitudes occupying ridge sand hence is of less importance from
groundwater point of view. In the central part of the basin the Kaladgis are well developed with the
presence of all litho units while towards west only the lower series consisting mainly they are nacreous
members are exposed. The Kaladgis are partly overlain by Deccan trap. The formations are folded giving
rise to a series of ridge sand valleys. The valleys are mainly occupied by limestone and shale. The
limestone formation occupies a wide area in between Lokapur and Bagalkote. Generally, the lime stones
are horizontally bedded and have very low permeability. At places it is karstified and cavernous. A
narrow band of dolomite overlies the limestone. In the southern and northern valleys, i.e., South of Bilgi
and at Kulgeri respectively, the shale’s are purple in colour.
The regional trend of the formations and the axial planes of the folds are WNW-ESE. A major
fault zone runs in limestone formation marking the contact between an anticline and syncline along
Kaladgis-Kardigud in the Lokapur valley. Another major fault zone runs along Gaddanakeri in Bagalkote
valley. A number of minor faults and major fracture zones are identified in the basin cutting the quartzite
and the drainage in this area seems to be controlled by structure. The basin in the central part i.e. along
Bilgi-Gaddankeri-Kulgeri is severely disturbed while towards east and west of zone, the tectonic intensity
is not displayed. Exploratory drilling in this area revealed the presence of major fracture/shear zones
down to a depth of 200m.
The Bhima basin lies east of the Kaladgis stretching in NE-SW direction. The major part of the
basinlies in Kalaburagi district, except for a small strip in the Vijayapura district between Muddebihal and
Talikot. The Bhimas are represented by conglomerates, sandstones, shales and lime stones, which could
be sub divided in to three series lower, middle and upper. The lower and middle series consist of the
sequence of these three lithological units, while the upper series is represented mainly in purple shale.
Among the lower series the lime stones are well developed over a wide area and are popularly known as
‘Shahabad’ stones. The middle series form san arrows trip and are of little significance from groundwater
point of view. The shales are purple colored and laminated and the lime stones are variegated but
predominantly grey colored and thick bed deed. The formations do not show any metamorphism. They
are in general horizontally bedded or dip at less than 5° towards west. However, this trend is not
maintained in the distributed zones.
A number of faults of relatively lesser magnitude are identified in the basin at different places.
The displaced block is also gently folded on the western side. Thrust faults and the gravity faults are also
identified at a few places. The formations are highly fractured in these distributed zones. Certification
marks fault zones in the limestone formations. The drainage in the Bhima basin is considered to be of

32 | G W R A R e p o r t 2 0 2 4 - K a r n a t a k a
tectonic origin. The curvilinear trend of Bhima river course seems to be controlled by the two axes of
super posed folds and also faults. Similarly, the streams of lower orders are also influenced by the
fracture system in granitic terrain and folding pattern in the Bhima formations.
Deccan trap forms the northern part of the State. Both massive b a s a l t s w e l l s vesicular
basalt is encountered in the area. The maximum thickness of about 600to 800m trap is reported around
Kolhapur in Karnataka but becomes thinner to about 70 m or less towards the fringe as observed in parts
of Kalaburagi, Bagalkote and Belguam districts of Karnataka. The inter-trappean beds are of small extent
and appear have been formed in local depressions only or near to the south western edge of the trap
area. In Vijayapura district, three flows of zeolitic trap are observed between 506m and 610m contour
each with a thickness of about 6m. In the southern part of Kalaburagi district only zeolitic trap unit is
identified which is exposed at higher elevation in the southern most part and at the ground surface
around Kalaburagi. The weathered zone in traps varies from traces about 15mbgl. Traps are considered
to be not involved in any tectonic disturbances. It is also difficult to recognize any structural deformities
in them as they are generally fine grained and massive. However, some faults identified in Bhima basin
are considered to be extending into the traps also. At some places in Kaladgis the traps are reported to
enclose fragment of quartzite.
Laterite perhaps of different genetic histories such as residual and transported are found
overlying different formations in different parts of the state. It occurs along the coast in Dakshina
Kannada, Udupi and Uttara Kannada districts overlying schists and granites with a maximum thickness of
about 40m. In Kaladgis, Laterite also occurs as isolated patches in the valleys capping shales and basalt.
The thickness in this part is 2 to10m. The Laterite capping on Deccan trap is extensive in parts of Bidar
and Kalaburagi districts. However Laterite as an aquifer is having limited real extent of about 1300 sq.
km. Its occurrence is also reported in the Belguam district. Generally, it is confined to the highest ridge
sand peaks. The Laterite formed in the vesicular traps are deep yellow is brown in color. Localized
patches of laterites are encountered in other parts of the state also, overlying the granites and
Dharwads.
The alluvium of recent age is limited to only certain river courses in the west coast. Alluvial
patches are located along Tungabhadhra, Suvarnamukhi and Chitravathi river courses. The thickness of
alluvium is variable generally and a maximum thickness of 15m is reported in the Chitravathi basin. The
alluvium consists of unconsolidated sediments such as pebbles, gravel, sand, silt and clays. In the coastal
area the thickness ranges from negligible to about 30m.

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Fig.4.1: Geology

4.2 Hydrogeology
4.2.1 Ground Water Provinces of Karnataka
Karnataka State can be considered as having three major hydrogeological provinces. They are the
Hard-Rock province, Deccan Trap province and metamorphosed sedimentary province. Groundwater
occurs in these provinces under unconfined to semi-confined conditions and under confined conditions
in depth. The rock units of provinces do not have the primary porosity, therefore the occurrence and
movement of groundwater is through secondary porosity developed through weathering, fracturing and
tectonic formation under gone by the rocks. The main source recharge to the aquifers is by precipitation
and also by applied irrigation. In addition to these along the coast a thin band of alluvium is encountered
(Fig.4.2).
[Link] The Archaean Crystalline Hard Rock Province
Archaean crystalline hard rocks are represented by the gneisses, schists, granite sand
khondalites, which occupy up to 79% of the area of the state. The availability of groundwater in the
phreatic zones in these formations is controlled by the degree of weathering and lithological unit of the
area. The schists and khondalites are more susceptible to weathering and hence are having better yield

34 | G W R A R e p o r t 2 0 2 4 - K a r n a t a k a
in the phreatic zones compared to Granites. Generally, the depth of weathering goes down to 30 min this
formation sand they sustain dug wells. In contrast, the yield of bore wells is controlled by the tectonic
history of the area and the lithology encountered. Thus equi-granular rocks when subjected to
differential stress tend to develop open(tensile) joints in the direction of stress sand shear joints at about
23° to the direction of stress, whereas rocks having linear mineral stand to absorb the stress sand the
linear minerals reorient long the stress direction. Thus Granites, Pegmatite sand Charnockites yield
better compared to Schists, Phyllites and Gneisses.
Further, the analysis of the results of groundwater exploration in the state indicated that the
tectonic story has an important bearing on the yield of bore wells. Thus, all the lineaments are not
equally potential. The NE-SW lineaments are the most potential followed by E-W, NNW-SSE and NW-SE
in the order of preference even though the NW- SE lineament is the most commonly occurring one. The
yield of bore well in the province is as high as 30lps with a transmissivity of upto 2000 m2/day in ideal
conditions tapping tensile joints in granites/ pegmatite’s and other equigranular rocks.
[Link] Deccan Traps
The Deccan trap constitutes about 15% area of the state occupying Bidar, Vijayapura, major parts
of Kalaburagi, Belagavi and northern parts of Bagalkote districts. The vesicle sand amygdales are the
porous media for the traps. Generally, these porous media are filled with the secondary materials like
Quartz, Zeolites, and Bauxite sand Clays. The Deccan traps also act like a crystalline formation. Zeolitic
traps and Amygdale sand vesicular properties of the trap facilitate occurrence and movement of
groundwater in traps. Further at the trap crystalline fringe area in Karnataka part, the traps have minor
dip, which carry the water through contact zone of the flows. The intra trappean red bole beds act as an
aquiclude. The weathered zone occurs up to a depth of 20mbgl and semi confined conditions occur
below 20 to 40m in the Deccan trap. The jointed and fractured Deccan traps carry the groundwater to
deeper depths. Depth of bore wells drilled in traps ranges from 40 [Link] general yields of wells in
traps is low and draw downs are high. The specific capacity of the wells in Deccan traps ranges from 0.05
to 34l/min/m draw down. The yield of bore wells ranges from 4 to1440m3/day. The transmissivity of the
traps ranges from 1 to369 m2/day.
[Link] The Sedimentary Provinces
The sedimentary rocks province is represented by the Kaladgis, Bhima sand Badamis, also known
as consolidated sedimentary sand it constitutes about 5% of the area of the state spread over parts of
Kalaburagi, Bagalkote, Belagavi and Vijayapura districts. The primary porosity that usually exists in these
formations has been lost due to the process of consolidation and compaction. Amongst these
formations, lime stones form very poor aquifers as they are mostly horizontally bedded and devoid of
solution activity except along the contact zones. Except in Ramdurg, Soundatti, Badami and Hungund
areas the sand stones do not form aquifers because it occupies the higher altitudes as ridges. The shales
are very rarely seen as aquifers but act as collector ponds than as an aquifer. Wherever sand stone occur
as an aquifer it has a specific yield of 0.03. The lime stone of the Bhima series has specific yield of 0.005
to 0.04. Discharge of the bore wells drilled in lime stone ranges from 100 to 300m3/day. Depth of the
bore wells drilled varies from 94 to 120 m.

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Fig.4.2: Aquifer Systems
[Link] Alluvium
Alluvial deposits occur as an aquifer comprised of fluvial materials like fine to coarse sand, gravel
sand pebbles. It constitutes little over 1% area of the state. The river banks show the presence of alluvial
deposits to a depth of 2m to 20m and the coastal tract accounts up to 40. The river that records
alluvial/colluvial deposits are the Pennar, Kumudavati, the Tungabhadra, Suvarnavati, Chitravati and
lower Hagari river. The yield of these river alluvial deposits ranges from 10 to 500m3/hour. The coastal
alluvial deposits yield from 2400 to 4800m3/day. The transmissivity ranges from 2 to 4348 m2/d.

36 | G W R A R e p o r t 2 0 2 4 - K a r n a t a k a
[Link] Laterite
Laterite is seen as a capping, scattered over the country rock in all the three Groundwater
provinces. The demarcation of the area under Laterite is difficult as it forms potential aquifer only if it is
having considerable thickness. In other places especially on the eastern parts of the state, it is absent or
occurs as a thin capping over the country rock. However, these are more predominant in the western
parts of the state, where it forms potential phreatic aquifer. These are highly porous and permeable; as a
result, it gets fully recharged after monsoon. The aquifer drains out due to subsurface out flow in the
post-monsoon period. The dug wells tapping these aquifers located in slopping ground gets dried up
during summer months, even if the groundwater utilization in the area is on a low key.

37 | G W R A R e p o r t 2 0 2 4 - K a r n a t a k a
5 GROUND WATER LEVEL SCENARIO IN KARNATAKA STATE
The ground water level scenario is the manifestation of the actual recharge and extraction taking
place in the area and the groundwater abstraction or the natural discharge has a direct impact on the
groundwater levels. During this assessment, the pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons ground water
levels from 2019 to 2023 of about 1520 observation wells, which consists of 348 dugwells and 1172
borewells/piezometers monitored by Ground Water Directorate and 1384 observation wells, consisting
of 468 dugwells and 916 borewells/piezometers monitored by CGWB were utilised. The map showing the
locations of GWD and CGWB observation wells is presented in Fig.5.1 and 5.2 respectively.

Fig.5.1: Location of State GWD observation wells Fig.5.2: Location of CGWB observation wells

5.1 Pre-Monsoon (May - 2023) Groundwater Level Scenario

The map depicting the pre-monsoon (May) ground water levels of 2023 is presented in Fig.5.3
and it indicates that in 43% of the area, water level is below 10 mbgl observed in parts of Kalburgi,
Yadgir, Raichur, Bellari, Tumkur, Chitradurga districts and in parts of Uttara Kannada, Udupi, Dharwad,
Gadag, Chikkamagaluru, Davangere, Hassan, Chamrajnagar, Mysore and Mandya districts. Water level
ranging from 10-20 m bgl are the most dominant range observed in 47% of the total area including
northern, north eastern, central and south western districts covering parts of Bidar, Vijayapura, Bagalkot,
Dakshina Kanada, Udupi Belagavi, Haveri, Shivmogga, Vijayanagara, Davangere, Mysore, Kolara,
Chikkaballapura, Bangalore Urban and Ramnagara districts. Deeper water levels of 20 to 40 m and 40 to
60 m are mostly observed in south eastern districts covering parts of Bangalore Urban, Bangalore Rural,
Kolara, Chikkaballapura. These parts also coincide with the ground water stressed blocks as per current
38 | G W R A R e p o r t 2 0 2 4 - K a r n a t a k a
assessment. Some parts of the other districts also exhibit deeper water levels ranging from 20-40 m bgl
or below in isolated patches in parts of Belagavi, Bidar, Bagalkot etc.

Fig.5.3: Pre-monsoon Depth to Water Level (May 2023) of GWD and CGWB observation wells.

5.2 Post-Monsoon (Nov. - 2023) Groundwater Level Scenario

The map depicting the post-monsoon (November) groundwater levels of 2023 is presented in
Fig.5.4 and it indicates that major area of the State is covered under shallow water levels of less than 10
m bgl in 52% of the total area. This water level range is mainly observed in north eastern and western
parts of the state covering almost entire Kalburgi, Yadgir, Raichur, Bellari, Uttar Kannada, Udupi,
Shivamogga, Dakshina Kannada, Davangere, Chikkamagaluru, Tumkur districts and in parts of Hassan,
Mysore, Mandya, Kodagu and Chamrajnagara districts. Water levels in the range of 10-20m bgl are
observed in 37% area of the state in south eastern, northern and central parts.

39 | G W R A R e p o r t 2 0 2 4 - K a r n a t a k a
Fig.5.4: Post-monsoon Depth to Water Level (Nov. 2023) of GWD and CGWB observation wells.
The districts include parts of Vijayapura, Bagalkot, Dharwad, Haveri, Vijayanagara, Chitradurga,
Chamrajnagar, Kolar, Chikkaballapura, Bangalore Urban and Bangalore Rural districts. The deeper water
levels of 20 to 40 m and 40 to 60 m are mostly observed in south eastern district covering parts of
Tumkuru, Kolar, Chikkaballapura, Bangalore Urban and Bangalore Rural districts, and in patches in
northern parts of the State covering parts of Kalaburgi, Vijayapura, Bagalkot, Belagavi districts.
The spatial coverage of water level ranges during the pre-monsoon and post monsoon seasons is
tabulated in Table 5.1. The perusal of the table indicates that the areas under shallow water levels upto
10 m bgl has increased/improved in post-monsoon season, whereas moderate and moderately deep
water levels in the range of 10 to 20 m bgl and 20 to 40 m bgl has decreased suggesting adequate
recharge due to monsoon season. However, significantly deeper water levels in the range of 40 to 60 m
bgl and > 60 m bgl has increased by 271.31 sq. km (31%) and 58.98 [Link]. (65%) respectively indicating

40 | G W R A R e p o r t 2 0 2 4 - K a r n a t a k a
that the areas with deeper water levels are not getting adequately recharged due to rainfall or other
sources during the monsoon season and their spatial coverage is increasing in the post monsoon season.
Table - 5.1: Spatial coverage of water level ranges during the pre-monsoon and post monsoon seasons
(2023)
Range of WL (m) Pre Monsoon 2023 Post Monsoon 2023 Change in Area ([Link])
area under each area under each
range ([Link].) range ([Link].)
0 -2 192.67 617.34 Increased by 424.67
2-5 12913.76 21505.39 Increased by 8591.63
5 - 10 70314.49 81796.22 Increased by 11481.73
10 - 20 91449.51 71600.29 Decreased by 19849.22
20 - 40 15961.13 14982.04 Decreased by 979.09
40 - 60 868.99 1140.31 Increased by 271.31
> 60 90.44 149.42 Increased by 58.98
5.3 Seasonal Fluctuation of Water Level (Pre to Post monsoon 2023)
The seasonal fluctuation between pre-monsoon and post monsoon water levels is depicted in
Fig.5.5 and area coverage under rise and fall ranges is given in Table-5.2. It indicates that in major parts
of the State, water levels rised during November 2023 as compared to May 2023. About 62% of the total
area is showing rise in water levels covering entire Northern parts and a stretch from NW to Southern
parts of the state, out of which 31.78% is having a rise ranging between 0 to 2m. This is observed in parts
of Kalaburgi, Yadgir, Vijayapura, Raichur, Belagavi, Gadag, Chikkamangaluru, Hassan districts etc. Water
levels showing rise ranging from 2 to 4m and 4 to 10 m are observed in 21.71% and 5.90% of the total
area respectively. Rise of more than 10 m is observed in central parts of the State in Haveri and
surrounding districts occupying 2.32% of the area.
Fall in water level is observed in only 38% of the area occupying south eastern, eastern and
southern parts of the State. While most of the districts are showing water level fall within the range of 2
m, isolated parts of the Kolara and Bengaluru Urban, Chitradurga, Bagalkot and Mysuru districts are
showing water level fall of 4 to 10 m and more than 10 m.
Table - 5.2: Spatial coverage of water level fluctuation ranges during the pre-monsoon to post
monsoon seasons (2023)
Range of Fluctuation (mbgl) Area under each Range % of Area under each range
([Link])
Fall More than 10m 4315.16 2.25
Fall 4 to 10m 7418.98 3.87
Fall 2 to 4m 12815.81 6.68
Fall 2 to 0m 48868.13 25.48
Rise 0 to 2m 60959.09 31.78
Rise 2 to 4m 41638.86 21.71
Rise 4 to 10m 11317.41 5.90
Rise More than 10 4457.87 2.32

41 | G W R A R e p o r t 2 0 2 4 - K a r n a t a k a
Fig.5.5: Seasonal Water Level Fluctuation (May 2023- Nov 2023) of Karnataka State

5.4 Annual Pre-Monsoon Fluctuation of Groundwater Levels (May 2023 to 2022):

Fluctuation of depth to water levels of pre-monsoon 2023 with pre-monsoon 2022 is
represented in Fig.5.6. The map indicates that in major parts of the State, water levels declined during
May 2023 as compared to May 2022. About 72% of the total area is showing fall in water levels covering
entire western stretch from north to south and north eastern parts of the State, out of which 35% is
having a fall ranging between 0 to 2m. This is observed in parts of Kalaburgi, Yadgir, Vijayapura, Udupi,
Belagavi, Chitradurga districts etc. Water levels showing fall ranging from 2 to 4m and 4 to 10 m are
observed in 21% and 13% of the total area respectively. Fall of more than 10 m is observed in central
parts of the State in Haveri and surrounding districts.
Rise in water level is observed in only 28% of the area occupying south eastern, eastern and
extreme northern parts of the State. While most of the districts are showing water level rise within the

42 | G W R A R e p o r t 2 0 2 4 - K a r n a t a k a
range of 2 m, isolated parts of the Kolara and Bengaluru Rural districts are showing water level rise more
than 10 m.

Fig.5.6: Annual Pre-monsoon Water Level Fluctuation (May 2022-2023) of GWD and CGWB observation
wells.

5.5 Annual Post-Monsoon Fluctuation of Groundwater Levels (Nov. 2023 to 2022):

Fluctuation of depth to water levels of post monsoon 2023 to post monsoon 2022 is depicted in
Fig.5.7. The map indicates that in almost entire State, the water levels have declined during November
2023 as compared to November 2022. About 96% of the area is showing fall in water levels, out of which
41% is having a fall ranging between 2 and 4 m bgl. This is observed in parts of Kalburgi, Yadgir, Raichur,
Ballari, Udupi, Uttara Kannada, Chikkamagaluru, Shivmogga districts etc. The fall ranging from 2 to 4 m
and 4 to 10 m are observed in 25% areas each in northern, central and south eastern parts of the State.
Fall of more than 10 m is observed in isolated patches in Kolara, Bengaluru Rural, Mandya, Hassan,
Vijayapura and Bagalkot districts.
43 | G W R A R e p o r t 2 0 2 4 - K a r n a t a k a
 Rise in water level has been observed in only 4.5% of the area of the State observed as isolated
patches in few districts i.e., parts of Bidar, Dakshina Kannada, Udupi and Kodagu districts.

Annual Post-monsoon Water Level Fluctuation (November 2023-2022)

Karnataka State

Fig.5.7: Annual Post-monsoon Water Level Fluctuation (November 2023-2022) of GWD and CGWB
observation wells.
The spatial coverage of rise and fall in annual water level ranges during the pre-monsoon and
post monsoon seasons is tabulated in Table 5.3. The perusal of the table indicates that the areas under
rise in water levels and fall in the range of 0 to 2 m have decreased in post-monsoon season. Whereas
areas under higher fall ranges of 2 to 4, 4 to 10 and more than 10 m range has increased substantially in
post monsoon season. Such a scenario strongly indicates that in 2023, the post monsoon water levels has
deteriorated significantly as compared to the 2022 due to the deficit rainfall in the State thereby
affecting the rainfall recharge component.

44 | G W R A R e p o r t 2 0 2 4 - K a r n a t a k a
Table - 5.3: Spatial coverage of water level fluctuation ranges during the pre-monsoon and post
monsoon seasons (2023)
Annual Fluctuation Pre-Monsoon (May Post-Monsoon (Nov. Change in Area in sq.
range (m) 2023-2022) area under 2023-2022) area under km
each range in sq. km each range in sq. km
Fall > 10 2489.02 6176.35 Increased by 3687.34
Fall 4 to 10 25514.40 80445.78 Increased by 54931.38
Fall 2 to 4 41805.07 48513.23 Increased by 6708.16
Fall 2 to 0 67328.31 48127.88 Decreased by 19200.43
Rise 0 to 2 34534.63 7100.40 Decreased by 27434.23
Rise 2 to 4 11071.81 920.11 Decreased by 10151.70
Rise 4 to 10 8343.91 361.75 Decreased by 7982.15
Rise > 10 703.85 145.49 Decreased by 558.36

5.6 Comparison of Pre-Monsoon 2023 with decadal mean of Pre-Monsoon (2013 to

2022)
The comparison of pre-Monsoon 2023 with decadal mean of pre-monsoon (2013 to 2022) is
given in Fig.5.8. The map indicates that, water level is rising in major part (77%) of the area which. This
includes northeastern, northern, central and southeastern districts. Rise more than 10m is observed in
16% of the area covering parts of Tumkur, Chikkaballapura and Kolara districts. This is most probably due
to the occurrence of consistent rainfall over the last decade and construction of water conservation and
artificial recharge structures under various schemes in Karnataka. Fall in water levels is observed in only
23% of the areas occupying western coastal districts, Shivamoga district in Malnad area and few districts
in northern and north western parts viz., parts of Kalburgi, Bagalkot, Belagavi.

5.7 Comparison of Post-Monsoon 2023 with decadal mean of Post-Monsoon (2013

to 2022)
The comparison of post-monsoon 2023 with decadal mean of post-monsoon (2013 to 2022) is
given in Fig.5.9. The map indicates that, water level rise and fall are almost equally distributed with rise
observed in 52% of the area and fall observed in 48% of the area. This rise is observed in northeastern,
northern, central and south eastern districts with rise of more than 10 m being observed in 5% of the
total area comprising parts of Tumkur, Chikkaballapura and Kolara districts. This may be due to the
focussed attention on construction of water conservation and artificial recharge structures under various
schemes in these districts. The fall in depth to water levels is observed in northern, central, western and
south western parts of the State. Fall more than 10 m is observed in parts of the Kalburgi, Bagalkot,
Bangalore Urban districts.
The spatial coverage of rise and fall in water level ranges during the pre-monsoon and post
monsoon seasons is tabulated in Table 5.4. The perusal of the table indicates that the areas under rise in
water levels and fall in the range of 0 to 2 m have decreased in post-monsoon season. Whereas areas
under higher fall ranges of 2 to 4, 4 to 10 and more than 10 m range has increased substantially in post
monsoon season. Such a scenario strongly indicates that in 2023, the post monsoon water levels has
deteriorated significantly as compared to the decadal average of 2013-22 due to the deficit rainfall in the
State thereby affecting the rainfall recharge component.

45 | G W R A R e p o r t 2 0 2 4 - K a r n a t a k a
Table - 5.4: Spatial coverage of water level fluctuation ranges during the decadal pre-monsoon and
post monsoon seasons (2023 with 2013-22)
Annual Fluctuation Decadal Pre-Monsoon Decadal Post-Monsoon Change in Area in sq.
range (m) (May 2023 to May (Nov. 2023 to Nov. km
2013-22) area under 2013-22) area under
each range in sq. km each range in sq. km
Fall > 10 1254.34 3574.28 Increased by 2319.94
Fall 4 to 10 5629.51 10501.38 Increased by 4871.87
Fall 2 to 4 6510.30 21660.66 Increased by 15150.37
Fall 2 to 0 30334.87 63034.17 Increased by 32699.31
Rise 0 to 2 38446.78 42626.60 Increased by 4179.82
Rise 2 to 4 33134.52 19981.66 Decreased by 13152.86
Rise 4 to 10 44946.53 19427.23 Decreased by 25519.30
Rise > 10 31534.15 10985.02 Decreased by 20549.13

Fig.5.8: Decadal pre-monsoon water level Fluctuation (May 2023 to May 2013 – 22).

46 | G W R A R e p o r t 2 0 2 4 - K a r n a t a k a
Fig.5.9: Decadal post-monsoon water level fluctuation (Nov 2023 to Nov 2013 – 22)

47 | G W R A R e p o r t 2 0 2 4 - K a r n a t a k a
6 GROUND WATER RESOURCES OF KARNATKA STATE
6.1 ANNUAL GROUND WATER RECHARGE
Recharge to ground water from different sources was computed based on the GEC 2015
methodology. As per assessment it was observed that the total recharge from all sources is 18.74 BCM
and the recharge due to rainfall is the major contributor with 10.02 BCM, followed by recharge due to
return flow from surface water irrigation and ground water irrigation @ 4.83 BCM and 2.18 BCM. The
recharge due to water conservation structures, tanks & ponds and canal is pegged at 0.81 BCM, 0.52
BCM and 0.31 BCM respectively shown in Fig.6.1. The district wise recharge by different components is
also presented in Fig.6.2 and it indicates that maximum recharge is taking place in Belagavi district
(120115.28 ham) and minimum recharge is taking place in Bengaluru (Rural) district (17502.65 ham). In
almost all the districts, rainfall recharge is the major contributor except in Bagalkote, Ballari, Davangere,
Haveri, Koppal, Mandya, Raichur and Yadgir districts where recharge due to surface water irrigation is
more due to more command area and lesser rainfall.

Fig.6.1: Recharge by Different Sources

6.2 ANNUAL EXTRACTABLE GROUND WATER RESOURCES

The entire quantum of ground water recharge cannot be considered for extraction since
ecological commitments need to be fulfilled, before the extractable resources is defined. To cater to the
ecological requirements, some percentage of ground water recharge is subtracted from annual ground
water recharge based on the GEC 2015 guidelines. If the rainfall recharge is assessed using water level
fluctuation method this will be 5% of the annual recharge and if it is assessed using rainfall infiltration
factor method, it will be 10% of the annual recharge. The balance accounts for Annual Extractable
Ground Water Resources (EGR). As per assessment data, the annual extractable ground water resources
for the State are 16.88 BCM and it ranges from 108655.71 ham in Belagavi district to 15752.4 ham in
Bengaluru (Rural) district.

48 | G W R A R e p o r t 2 0 2 4 - K a r n a t a k a
Fig.6.2: District Wise Recharge by Different Sources

6.3 ANNUAL TOTAL GROUND WATER EXTRACTION

For estimation of ground water extraction for Irrigation purpose, the minor irrigation well census
data as well as the data from district administration was collected and utilised. As per this database, it is
found that in all there are 12.56 lakh abstraction structures, however out of that 10.83 lakh wells are
being used for irrigation purpose withdrawing 10.15 BCM of groundwater yearly. This includes 1.80 lakhs
of dug wells and 9.03 lakhs borewells. The district wise number of irrigation wells also vary widely,
Belgavi district is having highest number of the irrigation wells (87199), whereas Kodagu is having lowest
number of the irrigation wells (7422). The ground water extraction for irrigation purpose also varies
accordingly. The district wise number of the irrigation wells and corresponding ground water extraction
for irrigation purposed is shown in Fig.6.3.
In case of Industrial wells, it is found that in all there are 34370 abstraction structures being used
for industrial purpose withdrawing 0.19 BCM of ground water yearly. However, this number could be
much higher as the exact data on industrial wells is not available with any single agency. This includes
159 dug wells and 34211 borewells. The district wise number of industrial wells also vary widely,
Bengaluru Urban district is having highest number of the industrial wells (27450)
The ground water extraction for various uses viz., irrigation, domestic and industrial has also
been assessed as shown in Fig.6.4 and it indicates that major extraction about 87.84% is for irrigation @
1014888.55 ham, whereas 10.54% is for domestic @ 121731.28 ham and 1.62% for industrial purpose @
18751.02 ham.

49 | G W R A R e p o r t 2 0 2 4 - K a r n a t a k a
 District Wise No. of Irrigation Wells and Irrigation Extraction
100000
90000
80000
70000
60000
50000
40000
30000
20000
10000
0
vi

M pal
Ba t

Ha g

m a

i
Ko a
ng Bela ri

Ko u
Ka ri

R ru

ja ra

ir
K ga

ar e
Ga d

Ko rgi

a ur

Ud ru
ikk lla a
a ra

Ha n

n a

Ya ra
M ya

m ga
(U )

hi adu u
Bian)

na a

up
u ral
lko

da

da

iva ar
lar
Ch aba gar

ya d
Dh ger
va nad

g
a
r r
lla

ve

dg
ga

Vi aga
am pu

pu
u
Ra aich

u
Da Chi galu

d
r

Tu og
da
ss
w

ja na
u

Sh nag
rb
ur u

ys

ak
an
ga

lb
ikk ana

ya
al (R

Vi Kan
Da an
Ba

ng ru

m
Ch aj

ra
na
Be alu

ar

ta
am

Ut
ks
Be

Ch

No of Irrigation Wells Irrigation Extraction (Ham)

Fig.6.3: District Wise Number of Irrigation Wells and Irrigation Extraction

The district wise ground water extraction for various uses has also been assessed as shown in
Fig.6.5 and it indicated that ground water extraction for irrigation and domestic uses is highest in
Belagavi district, whereas industrial consumption is highest in Bengaluru Urban district. The lowest
ground water extraction for irrigation and domestic uses is in Kodugu District.

Domestic Industry

Irrigation

Fig.6.4: Ground Water Extraction for Various Uses

Fig.6.5: District Wise Ground Water Extraction for Various Uses

50 | G W R A R e p o r t 2 0 2 4 - K a r n a t a k a
6.4 STAGE OF GROUND WATER EXTRACTION
The stage of extraction in the State ranges from 26.62% in Bellari district to 193% in Kolara
district. The graphical distribution of stage of extraction in decreasing order is given in Fig. 6.6 and the
comparison of district wise annual extractable ground water resources and extraction is depicted in Fig.
6.7. The ground water availability and extraction should be balanced. However, perusal of both these
figures indicates that in 5 districts viz., Bengaluru (Rural), Bengaluru (Urban), Chikkaballapura,
Chitradurga and Kolara, the extraction is more than availability (>100%). In 4 districts viz.,
Chamarajanagara, Davanagere, Ramanagara and Tumakuru the extraction is between 90% and 100% of
ground water availability. Thus, these areas (9 districts) need special attention for ground water
management. All these districts are located in central part, southern and eastern dryland areas of
Karnataka where the dependency on groundwater is very high owing to limited surface water availability
and deficit rainfall.

SOE(%)
250

193 187
200
164
147 144
150

98 96 91 91
100 88 84 81
72 71 66
64 63 60
56 55 52
47 44 44 43 41
50 38 35 34 32
27

0
Be g

Ka r
Ga t

H a ri

al

j a gi

Ko ir
Ch am rga

y a e re

Ha i

M an
an a

v a ru

Ko a

R a ru

a m ra

gu

pi

ri
M ad
ra

B a a ra
ng a ll n )

R ad u l)

m a ra

lb a

Ya a
a

Ba da
ar u
v
o

da

hu
da
r

g
dy
ur ur

K a ad
Dh alur
i t r ra

ve

dg

lla
V i ur
ga

pp

ta U d u
a r ga
la

Sh p u
Be ab a

lk
Da ak u

og

da
ss

a
g
Tu a g

V i nag
b

Bi
al ap

ic
Ch (Ru

ys
an

nn

nn
Ko

ga

la
am ana

na
r

ya
ag
ik (U

Ka
u

iv
aj
Ch ru

ja

na

ra
ka
u
k
al

hi
ik

Ut
ng

Ch

ks
Da
Be

Fig.6.6: District wise Bar Diagram of Stage of Extraction in Decreasing order

The comparison also shows that in Bagalkot, Gadag, Haveri and Vijayanagara districts the
groundwater development is between 70 to 90 %. However, in Bidar, Chikkamagaluru, Dharwad, Hassan,
Koppal, Mandya and Mysuru districts, the development is between 50 to 70% and in rest 10 districts it is
<50% %.

Availability vs Extraction
120000
Annual Extractable Ground water Resource (ham) Ground Water Extraction for all uses (ha.m)
100000

80000

60000

40000

20000

0
r

ad

ur

ir
Ba t
B e ri

Ha g
an

M al
K a ri

u
vi

gu

i
Ra u
ra

M a
(U l )

Bi )

na a
D h e re

m a
ga

K o gi

ya a
ra
y a da
a
i tr u ru

i v a ra
a

up
an
lk o

da

da

T u o gg
va ad

r
dy
am ur
a b ga r

ur
ur
a

dg
ve
lla

ur
ga

pp
la

pu
V i ga
S h a ga
i ch
ur

da
ss
w

a
ur

Ud
rb

g
ik k lla p

ys

ak
Ch g a l

an
Ga
D a nn

V i ann
Ha

Ko

Ya
lb
ga

la

ar

Ko

na
ik k na

ad
(R

m
an
Ba

Ka
a
Ch r a j a

ja
a
u

K
m
u
B e a lur

ja
na

ra
ur

Ra
a

ta
al

hi
am
ng

Ut
ng

Ch

ks
Be

Ch

Da

Fig.6.7: District Wise Annual Extractable Ground Water Resources v/s Extraction

51 | G W R A R e p o r t 2 0 2 4 - K a r n a t a k a
6.5 CATEGORIZATION OF ASSESSMENT UNITS
The categorization of talukas is done as per the norms mentioned in GEC-2015 methodology.
Based on these computations, it is observed that 144 talukas are falling in Safe category, 33 in Semi-
Critical, 15 in Critical, 45 in Over-Exploited category. District wise distribution is given in Table - 6.1. The
categorization map of talukas is also shown in Fig.6.8 and it reveals that Over-Exploited, Critical and
Semi-Critical talukas are falling in the same pattern as previous assessments in the northern, central,
southern and eastern dry regions of the State, where the rainfall is between 400 to 800 mm only. The
district wise maps of categorisation are placed as Plates 1 to 31.
From the ground water development point of view, i.e., number of over-exploited, critical and
semi-critical taluks are highest in Belagavi (8), Tumkuru (7), Bagalkot (7), 6 taluks in Bengaluru (Urban),
Chikkaballapura, Chitradurga and 5 taluks each in Bidar, Gadag, Haveri, Kolar, and Ramanagara. The
district wise number and names of over-exploited, critical and semi-critical taluks are given in Table-9.
The over withdrawal of groundwater in these districts can be attributed to absence of surface water
irrigation sources and cultivation of water intensive cash crop like paddy, sugarcane, cocunut, arecanut,
vegetables and fruits etc., which are mostly groundwater dependent. Whereas in case of Bangalore
Urban district it can be attributed to both high domestic demand and irrigation in peripheral areas.
Table - 6.1: District wise distribution of over-exploited, critical, and semi-critical taluks.
S. Name of District Name of Name of Critical Name of
No. Semi-Critical Assessment Over-Exploited
Assessment Units Assessment Units
Units
1 Bagalkot Rabakavi Guledagudda Bagalkote
Banahatti
Hungund Badami -
Ilkal - -
Mudhol - -
2 Belagavi Chikkodi Kagavada Bailhongal
Hukkeri - Savadatti
Gokak - -
Yaragatti - -
Athani - -
3 Bengaluru (Rural) - - Nelamangala
- - Devanahalli
- - Hoskote
- - Doddaballapura
4 Bengaluru (Urban) - - Bangalore-East
- - Bangalore-South
- - Yelahanka
- - Bangalore-City
- - Anekal
- - Bangalore (North)
5 Bidar Bhalki - -
Hulasuru - -
6 Chamarajanagara Yalandur - Gundlupet
Kollegala - Chamarajanagara
Hanuru - -

52 | G W R A R e p o r t 2 0 2 4 - K a r n a t a k a
S. Name of District Name of Name of Critical Name of
No. Semi-Critical Assessment Over-Exploited
Assessment Units Assessment Units
Units
7 Chikkaballapura - - Chinthamani
- - Chikballapur
- - Shidlagatta
- - Bagepalli
- - Gudibande
- - Gauribidanur
8 Chikkamagaluru - Kadur Ajjampura
9 Chitradurga Molakalmuru Holalkere
- - Hosadurga
- - Challakere
- - Chitradurga
- - Hiriyur
10 Davanagere Honnali Davanagere Channagiri
- - Jagaluru
11 Gadag Shirahatti Rona Gajendragad
Mundargi - -
Gadag - -
12 Hassan - Channarayapatna Arsikere

13 Haveri Savanur Byadagi -

Shiggaon - -
Ratteehalli - -
Ranebennur - -
14 Kalburgi - Afzalpur -
15 Kolara - - Mulabagilu
- - K.G.F
- - Kolar
- - Bangarpet
- - Malur
16 Koppal Kanakagiri Yelburga -
Kushtagi Kukanuru -
17 Mandya Malavalli - -
18 Raichur Sirivara - -
19 Ramanagara Kanakpura Ramanagar Harohalli
Channapatna Magadi -
20 Tumakuru Pavagada Koratagere Tumkur
- - Tiptur
- - Sira
- - Madhugiri
- - Chiknayakanahalli
21 Vijayanagara - Harapanahalli Hagaribommanahalli
- Kotturu
22 Vijayapura Nidagundi - -
23 Yadgir Yadgir - -
Gurumithakala - -

53 | G W R A R e p o r t 2 0 2 4 - K a r n a t a k a
 The Ground water availability, utilization and stage of extraction in Karnataka State is presented
in Annexure-IV. District-wise ground water resources availability, utilization and stage of extraction is
given in Annexure-V. Categorization of Talukas (as in 2024) for Karnataka State is presented in Annexure-
VI (A). District wise Categorization of Taluks for Karnataka State (as in 2024) is presented in Annexure-VI
(B). Annual Extractable Resources of Assessment Units under different Categories for Karnataka State (as
in 2024) is given in Annexure-VI (C). District wise Annual Extractable Resources of Assessment Units
under different Categories for Karnataka State (as in 2024) is given in Annexure-VI (D). Recharge Worthy
Area of Assessment unit under Different Category for Karnataka State (as in 2024) is presented in
Annexure-VI (E). District Wise Recharge Worthy Area of Assessment unit under Different Category for
Karnataka State (as in 2024) is given in Annexure-VI (F). Categorization of Over Exploited, Critical and
Semi Critical taluks (as in 2024) is given in Annexure-VII (A). Quality problems in Assessment units (as in
2024) is presented in Annexure-VII (B). Summary of Assessment Units Improved or Deteriorated From
2023 to 2024 Assessment is given in Annexure-VIII (A). Comparison of categorization of assessment units
(2023 & 2024) is presented in Annexure-VIII (B). Assessment Unit (Taluk) Wise Report for Karnataka State
(as in 2024) is given in Annexure - IX A & B.

54 | G W R A R e p o r t 2 0 2 4 - K a r n a t a k a
Fig.6.8: Categorization of Assessment Units

6.6 Spatial Variation

6.6.1 Unit Ground Water Recharge
The ground water recharge is a function of rainfall, geomorphology and geology. The State is
having heterogeneity in all these parameters. Hence the recharge to groundwater is not uniform in all
the talukas. Based on the total Annual Groundwater Recharge and the Area of Assessment Unit, the taluk
wise unit annual groundwater recharge (in mm) had been computed. The results are commensurate with
the field conditions. Around 44% talukas have annual recharge up to 100 mm, 30% between 100 to 150
mm, 14 % between 150 to 200 mm, 8% between 200 to 250 mm and only 4% taluks have annual

55 | G W R A R e p o r t 2 0 2 4 - K a r n a t a k a
recharge of more than 250 mm. These details have been shown in the Table – 6.2 and taluka map of the
State (Fig.6.9).

Fig.6.9: Unit Annual Ground Water Recharge

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Table - 6.2: Distribution of Assessment Units as per Unit Recharge
Unit GW Recharge (mm) No. of Assessment Units % of Assessment Units
0 to 50 12 5
50 to 100 92 39
100 to 150 70 30
150 to 200 34 14
200 to 250 18 8
> 250 11 4
Total 237 100
The perusal of the map re-iterates the fact that the recharge in coastal areas and Malnad region
is higher in the range of 150 to 200 mm and 200 to 250 mm. In most of the areas / taluks of north-
eastern, northern and central drylands, the unit recharge is on lower side and ranging between 50 and
100 mm. Whereas in most of the areas/taluks of southern dry region and eastern dry region it is
moderately placed ranging from 100 to 200 mm.
6.6.2 Unit Ground Water Extraction
The ground water extraction is a function of yield, sustainability and hydrogeology. The State is
having heterogeneity in all these parameters. Hence the extraction of groundwater is not uniform in all
the talukas. Based on the total annual groundwater extraction and the area of assessment unit, the taluk
wise unit annual groundwater extraction (in mm) had been computed. The results are commensurate
with the field conditions. Majority of the area 78% talukas have annual extraction up to 100 mm, 14%
between 100 to 150 mm, 4 % between 150 to 200 mm, only 2% are having extraction between 200 to
250 mm and more than 250 mm. These details have been shown in the Table – 6.3 and taluka map of the
State (Fig.6.10).
Table - 6.3: Distribution of Assessment Units as per Unit Extraction
Unit GW Extraction (mm) No. of Assessment Units % of Assessment Units
0 to 50 94 40
50 to 100 91 38
100 to 150 32 14
150 to 200 9 4
200 to 250 5 2
> 250 6 2
Total 237 100
The perusal of the map re-iterates the fact that the extraction in coastal areas and Malnad region
is lower in the range of less than 50 to 100 mm. In most of the areas / taluks of north-eastern and
northern drylands also, the unit extraction/draft is on lower side and ranging from less than 50 to 100
mm. The map also indicates that in the eastern dryland areas also the unit extraction/draft is on lower
side and ranging from less than 50 to 100 mm. A close observation of unit recharge, unit draft and
categorisation maps interestingly indicate that many of these taluks in eastern dryland are having lower
unit draft and are still categorised as over-exploited and semi-critical in Chitradurga, Vijayanagar and
Haveri districts, which is mainly due to the reason that the unit recharge is still on the lower side as
compared to unit draft. Whereas in most of the areas/taluks of south eastern regions of the State in
Chikballapur, Kolar, Bangalore Urban and Ramnagara districts, even though the unit recharge is

57 | G W R A R e p o r t 2 0 2 4 - K a r n a t a k a
moderate to high ranging from 100 to 250 mm, the unit draft/extraction is still higher in the range of 200
to more than 250 mm resulting in their categorisation as over-exploited taluks.

Fig.6.10: Unit Annual Ground Water Extraction

6.7 COMPARISON WITH PREVIOUS ASSESSMENTS

6.7.1 Comparison of Recharge during GWRA 2024 with GWRA 2023
The comparison of recharge during 2024 assessment and 2023 assessment is depicted in Table-
6.4 and Fig.6.11. The major component of recharge is rainfall recharge and the comparison with 2023
assessment indicated that the rainfall recharge has decreased by 3.09% from 10.34 BCM in 2023 to 10.03
BCM in 2024. The major reason for decrease in rainfall recharge is the deficit rainfall in the State during
the year 2023. The overall annual rainfall during the year 2023 in the State was 872 mm which was 24%
deficit as compared to the normal annual rainfall. Major part of the State covering 19 districts received

58 | G W R A R e p o r t 2 0 2 4 - K a r n a t a k a
deficit rainfall in the range of -20 % to -56 %, even the 12 districts which received normal rainfall
experienced negative departures from normal annual rainfall ranging from 0 to 19%.
As compared to 2023 there is decrease in annual ground water recharge by other sources like
recharge due to return flow from surface water irrigation has decreased by 1.82% and recharge due to
return flow from ground water irrigation has also decreased by 3.55%. These reductions had been caused
by lesser area under surface water irrigation in 2023 as compared to 2022 and deeper water levels in
these areas during the year 2023, resulting in lesser return flow factors, thereby impacting the recharge
due to SWI and GWI.
The recharge from Water Conservation Structures (WCS) has increased from 0.63 BCM to 0.81
BCM an increase of 28.57% since the number of WCS structures has increased from 189894 in 2023 to
315284 in 2024. Whereas in case of Tanks & Ponds it has increased from 0.63 BCM to 0.81 BCM an
increase by 10.64% since the number of tanks and ponds has increased from 33088 in 2023 to 39293 in
2024. The increase in recharge due to WCS and Tanks & Ponds is getting reflected due to better data
capturing and the increased number of WCS structures and Tanks & Ponds constructed under the various
water conservation schemes taken by State Govt. like Jal Jeevan Mission, ABHY as well as de-silting of
structures taken up by State Govt. under various district levels schemes including MGNREGA. Another
reason for the increase is many of the tanks/ponds are being provided with perennial source of water
throughout the year for 365 days instead of tanks getting filled only during monsoon season for 120
days. The source of water for such perennial tanks/ponds is either through treated water or surface
water under the flagship schemes of Minor Irrigation Dept. The recharge due to canals has increased by
3.33%. Overall, the total recharge from other sources has increased by 1.04%, from 8.58 BCM to 8.67
BCM in GWRA 2024 as compared to GWRA 2023.
Table - 6.4: Comparison of various recharge parameters (2024 with 2023)
Description 2023 2024 % Change
Rainfall Recharge (BCM) 10.34 10.03 -3.09
Recharge due to Other Sources
Recharge due to SWI (BCM) 4.92 4.83 -1.82
Recharge due to GWI (BCM) 2.25 2.17 -3.55
Canal Recharge (BCM) 0.30 0.31 3.33
Number of Tanks & Ponds 33088 39293 18.75
Recharge due to Tanks & Ponds (BCM) 0.47 0.52 10.64
Number of Water Conservation Structures 189894 315284 66.03
Recharge due to Water Conservation Structures 0.63 0.81 28.57
(BCM)
Recharge due to Pipeline (BCM) 0.068 0.068 0.00
Total Recharge due to Other Sources 8.58 8.67 1.04
Annual Groundwater Recharge (ham) 18.93 18.74 -1.01

59 | G W R A R e p o r t 2 0 2 4 - K a r n a t a k a
 Comparison of Recharge 2023 with 2024
2023 2024
6 4.92 4.83
Recharge in BCM

5
4
3 2.25 2.2
2 0.63 0.81
0.3 0.31 0.47 0.52
1
0

s…
I
e

CS
GW
SW
rg

W
nk
a
ch

to

to

Ta

to
Re

e
to
du

du

du
al

e
e
n

du

e
rg
Ca

rg

rg
a

e
a

a
ch

rg
ch

ch
Re

a
Re

Re
ch
Re
Recharge Components

Fig.6.11: Comparison of Recharge (2023 to 2024) due to other sources

6.7.2 Historical Comparison of Recharge from GWRA 2009 to GWRA 2024
The previous good rainfall years supported by the development of new surface irrigation
systems, use of treated and surface water for tank fillings, MGNREGA works has replenished the ground
water in the non-monsoon period also. The initiatives taken up by the Govt. of Karnataka and community
in developing and maintaining the water conservation structures, tanks & ponds, canal network is being
reflected in the increased recharge due to other sources over the period of last decade or so. The
comparison of historical recharge due to rainfall and other sources has also been carried out for the
ground water resource assessments from 2009 to 2024 and is presented in Fig. 6.12. The comparison of
rainfall recharge indicates that it has increased from 9.01 BCM in 2009 to 10.03 BCM in 2024, whereas
the recharge due to other sources has almost continuously increased from 7.78 BCM in 2009 to 8.71
BCM in 2024.

Comparison of Recharge due to Rainfall and other sources

(2009 to 2024)
12 10.34
9.7 10.01 10.03
9.01 9.48 9.41 9.25
10 8.59 8.71
Recharge in BCM

8.45
7.78 7.55 7.58 7.57 7.75
8

0
2009 2011 2013 2017 2020 2022 2023 2024
Year of Assessment

Rainfall Recharge Recharge from other sources

Linear (Rainfall Recharge) Linear (Recharge from other sources)

Fig.6.12: Comparison of Recharge due to Rainfall and Other Sources (2009 to 2024)

60 | G W R A R e p o r t 2 0 2 4 - K a r n a t a k a
6.7.3 Comparison of Extraction during GWRA 2024 with GWRA 2023
The comparison of extraction during 2024 assessment and 2023 assessment is depicted in Table-
6.5 and Fig.6.13. It indicates that irrigation draft has increased by just 0.60% from 1008531 ham in 2023
to 1014889 ham in 2024. Similarly, the domestic extraction and industrial extraction has increased by
10.30% and 46.30% for which the major contributor is Bengaluru Urban district.
Table - 6.5: Comparison of extraction/draft for various purposes (2024 with 2023)
Description 2023 2024 % Change
Groundwater Irrigation Extraction (ham) 1008531 1014889 0.6
Groundwater Extraction Domestic (ham) 110372 121731 10.3
Groundwater Extraction Industrial (ham) 12821 18751 46.3
Gross Annual Extraction / Draft (ham) 1131723 1155371 2.1

Fig.6.13: Comparison of extraction/draft (2023 to 2024) for various uses

6.7.4 Historical Comparison of Irrigation Extraction/Draft
The importance of ground water resource for irrigation purposes is critical since about 85 to 90%
of the draft is for irrigation purpose and hence the development has been receiving the attention from
the farmers. It is generally observed that from the year 2000 onwards there is a trend to use borewells
for irrigation instead of dugwells. The increase in number of irrigation borewells with pumpsets is very
high. It is observed that the number of irrigation borewells in the State as a whole has increased from
7.04 lakhs in 2004 to 9.02 lakhs in 2024, whereas the number of dugwells have decreased from 3.17 lakh
in 2004 to 1.80 lakh in 2024. The increase in number of total irrigation wells and draft from 2004 to 2024
is plotted in Fig.6.14 and it indicates that the number of irrigation wells have increased from 10.22 lakhs
in 2004 to 10.83 lakhs in 2024. However, in 2011 it has decreased down to 9.71 lakhs, this was probably
due to the failure of dugwells due to de-saturation of phreatic aquifer and shifting from dugwells to
borewells as evident above from the further bifurcation of number of wells.

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 Since 2011, the number of irrigation wells are continuously increasing from 9.71 lakh to 11.79
lakh in 2023, whereas it has decreased in 2024 to 10.83 lakhs. This reduction is mainly due to reduction
in number of borewells from 9.66 lakh in 2023 to 9.02 lakh in 2024 and dugwells has also decreased from
2.11 lakh to 1.80 lakh in 2024 due to drying up of borewells and dugwells caused by deficit monsoon
almost all over the State. The trend line for the number of irrigation wells is also plotted and it indicates
that over a complete period of 2004 to 2024 the increase is @ 0.1763 lakhs/annum.

Fig.6.14: Historical Comparison of Irrigation Wells and Irrigation Draft (2004 to 2023)
6.7.5 Historical Comparison of OCS Assessment Units
Since 2004, watershed is being used as a unit for assessment in the State irrespective of the
methodology, which were later apportioned to taluk. However, since the 2022 assessment, it was
changed to taluk in consultation with State Govt. for ease of data collection and as the ultimate
reflection of the results for the planners and administrators needs to be done in the form of
administrative unit. The comparison of over exploited, critical, semi-critical (OCS) and safe assessment
units over the period of 2004 to 2024 as presented in Fig.6.15 and it clearly shows that with the
increasing ground water development; there is increase in percentage of OCS units from 39.07% (2004)
to 44.89% (2017). However, since 2017, decrease in the number of OCS taluks has been observed from
44.89% in 2017 to 37.6% in 2023 and further increased to 39.24% in 2024. The decrease in percentage of
OCS taluks till 2023 was is due to the increase in rainfall recharge as consistency in the rainfall for the five
year’s period of 2018 to 2022 resulted in enhanced rainfall recharge till 2023 and because of increase in
recharge from other sources. However, in 2024, the rainfall recharge has reduced due to the deficit
rainfall and recharge due to return flow from SWI and GWI has also reduced coupled with increase in
domestic, industrial and irrigation draft contributing to increase in number of OCS units.

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Fig.6.15: Comparison of Assessment Units (2004 to 2023)
6.7.6 Improvement and Deterioration in Categorisation of Assessment Units (2023 to 2024)
It was observed that, as compared to GWRA 2023, there is improvement in categorisation of 3
assessment units, whereas deterioration has been noticed in 13 assessment units. The details are given
in Table-6.6. The main reason for improvement is increase in recharge due rainfall, recharge due to
surface water irrigation, groundwater irrigation, WCS and decrease in domestic and irrigation draft.
Whereas reasons for deterioration are decrease in recharge due to rainfall, recharge due to return flow
from surface water irrigation, recharge due to return flow from ground water irrigation, recharge due to
T&P and WCS contributed by the deficit rainfall over last year.
Table - 6.6: Improved and Deteriorated Assessment Units in GWRA 2024 as compared to GWRA 2023.
S. District Assessment Stage Categorization Stage Categorization Remark Reason
No Unit of in 2023 of in 2024
GWE GWE
(%) (%)
2023 2024
1. Vijayanagara Hadagali 75 Semi Critical 68 Safe Improved Decrease in
Domestic
and
Irrigation
Draft
2. Chikkamagaluru Kadur 111 Over Exploited 99 Critical Improved Increase in
recharge
due to SWI,
GWI &
WCS
3. Haveri Hirekerur 77 Semi Critical 68 Safe Improved Increase in
recharge
due to RF
4. Chamarajanagara Chamaraja 99 Critical 106 Over Exploited Deteriorated Decrease in
nagara recharge
due to RF,
SWI

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 5. Koppal Kushtagi 69 Safe 71 Semi Critical Deteriorated Decrease in
recharge
due to SWI,
GWI
6. Koppal Yelburga 87 Semi Critical 97 Critical Deteriorated Decrease in
recharge
due to RF,
SWI
7. Davanagere Honnali 69 Safe 74 Semi Critical Deteriorated Decrease in
recharge
due to SWI,
GWI
8. Chitradurga Molakalmuru 67 Safe 74 Semi Critical Deteriorated Decrease in
recharge
due to RF,
T&P, WCS
9. Bagalkot Guledagudda 90 Semi Critical 98 Critical Deteriorated Decrease in
recharge
due to RF,
SWI, WCS
10. Belagavi Savadatti 99 Critical 107 Over Exploited Deteriorated Decrease in
recharge
due to RF,
SWI
11. Gadag Shirahatti 66 Safe 75 Semi Critical Deteriorated Decrease in
recharge
due to SWI
12. Haveri Byadagi 83 Semi Critical 98 Critical Deteriorated Decrease in
recharge
due to SWI
13. Haveri Ranebennur 63 Safe 76 Semi Critical Deteriorated Decrease in
recharge
due to SWI
14. Haveri Savanur 50 Safe 72 Semi Critical Deteriorated Decrease in
recharge
due to SWI
15. Haveri Shiggaon 56 Safe 72 Semi Critical Deteriorated Decrease in
recharge
due to RF,
SWI
16. Kalburgi Afzalpur 84 Semi Critical 94 Critical Deteriorated Decrease in
recharge
due to RF,
GWI

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7 CONCLUSIONS
The groundwater assessment is carried out for 31 districts of Karnataka and Bangalore city. As
per the protocol, the groundwater availability and utilisation has been computed for the taluk wise
assessment-units, and the categorization has been done for the Taluk. The State abstract showing details
of Dynamic Groundwater Resources 2024 is given in Table 7.1.
Table - 7.1: Information at a Glance of Ground Water Resource Assessment 2024
Sr. No Description Details
1. Total No. of Districts Assessed in the State 31
2. Total No. of Assessment Units in the State 237 (236 taluks + 1
Bangalore City)
3. Total No. of Assessment Sub Units 371 (C145+NC226)
4. Rainfall Recharge (BCM) 10.02
5. Recharge due to Other Sources
6. Canal Recharge (BCM) 0.31
7. Recharge due to SWI (BCM) 4.83
8. Recharge due to GWI (BCM) 2.17
9. Recharge due to Tanks & Ponds (BCM) 0.52
10. Recharge due to WCS (BCM) 0.81
11. Recharge due to Pipeline (BCM) 0.068
12. Total Recharge due to Other Sources (BCM) 8.71
13. Annual Groundwater Recharge (BCM) 18.74
14. Annual Extractable Ground Water Resource (BCM) 16.88
15. Ground Water Extraction for Irrigation Use (BCM) 10.15
16. Ground Water Extraction for Industrial Uses (BCM) 0.19
17. Ground Water Extraction for Domestic Uses (BCM) 1.22
18. Total Extraction (BCM) 11.55
19. Total No. of Irrigation Wells in Use 10,83,048
20. Total No. of Industrial Wells in Use 34,064
21. Annual GW Allocation for Domestic use as on 2025 (BCM) 1.28
22. Net Ground Water Availability for future use 7.10
23. Stage of Ground Water Extraction (%) 68.44
24. No. of Over Exploited Talukas 45
25. No. of Critical Talukas 15
26. No. of Semi Critical Talukas 33
27. No. of Safe Talukas 144
28. Quality Tagged Taluks – Salinity 17
29. Quality Tagged Taluks – Nitrate 41
30. Quality Tagged Taluks – Fluoride 15
31. Quality Tagged Taluks – Uranium 12
As per the assessment, the total rechargeable fresh groundwater resources in the State was
computed as 18.74 BCM and the Annual Extractable Ground Water Resource is to the tune of 16.88 BCM.
The Total Extraction is 11.55 BCM. The Stage of groundwater development for the State, as whole, is
68.4%. This indicates that on an average 68.4% of yearly replenishable groundwater is being used in the
State. Considering the domestic and industrial requirement the annual ground water allocation for
domestic water supply as on March 2025 is 1.28 BCM. Leaving this allocation, the net groundwater
availability for future use development is around 7.1 BCM.

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 Out of the 237 assessment units (taluks), 45 units (18.99 %) have been categorized as ‘Over
exploited’, 15 units (6.33 %) as ‘Critical’, 33 units (13.92 %) as ‘Semi critical’ and 144 units (60.76 %) have
been categorized as ‘Safe’. The ground water quality tagging has also been done, wherein 17 taluks has
been tagged for salinity, 41 taluks for nitrate, 15 taluks for fluoride and 12 taluks for uranium.
The spatial coverage of rise and fall in annual water level ranges during the pre-monsoon and
post monsoon seasons indicated that the areas under higher fall ranges of 2 to 4, 4 to 10 and more than
10 m range has increased substantially in post monsoon season. Such a scenario strongly indicates that in
2023, the post monsoon water levels has deteriorated significantly as compared to the 2022 due to the
deficit rainfall in the State thereby affecting the rainfall recharge component.
The major component of recharge is rainfall recharge and the comparison with 2023 assessment
indicated that the rainfall recharge has decreased by 3.09% from 10.34 BCM in 2023 to 10.03 BCM in
2024. The major reason for decrease in rainfall recharge is the deficit rainfall in the State during the year
2023. The overall annual rainfall during the year 2023 in the State was 872 mm which was 24% deficit as
compared to the normal annual rainfall. As compared to 2023 there was decrease in annual ground
water recharge by other sources like recharge due to return flow from surface water irrigation has
decreased by 1.82% and recharge due to return flow from ground water irrigation has also decreased by
3.55%. These reductions had been caused by lesser area under surface water irrigation in 2023 as
compared to 2022 and deeper water levels in these areas during the year 2023, resulting in lesser return
flow factors, thereby impacting the recharge due to SWI and GWI.
The recharge from Water Conservation Structures (WCS) has increased from 0.63 BCM to 0.81
BCM an increase of 28.57% since the number of WCS structures has increased from 189894 in 2023 to
315284 in 2024. Whereas in case of Tanks & Ponds it has increased from 0.63 BCM to 0.81 BCM an
increase by 10.64% since the number of tanks and ponds has increased from 33088 in 2023 to 39293 in
2024. The increase in recharge due to WCS and Tanks & Ponds is getting reflected due to better data
capturing and the increased number of WCS structures and Tanks & Ponds constructed under the various
water conservation schemes taken by State Govt. like Jal Jeevan Mission, ABHY as well as de-silting of
structures taken up by State Govt. under various district levels schemes including MGNREGA. Another
reason for the increase is many of the tanks/ponds are being provided with perennial source of water
throughout the year for 365 days instead of tanks getting filled only during monsoon season for 120
days. The source of water for such perennial tanks/ponds is either through treated water or surface
water under the flagship schemes of Minor Irrigation Dept. The recharge due to canals has increased by
3.33%. Overall, the total recharge from other sources has increased by 1.04%, from 8.58 BCM to 8.67
BCM in GWRA 2024 as compared to GWRA 2023.

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 Annexure - I: Govt. Order on Constitution of Permanent State Level Committee

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 Annexure - II: Corrigendum Govt. Order for Inclusion of Additional Members to SLC

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69 | G W R A R e p o r t 2 0 2 4 - K a r n a t a k a
 Annexure - III: MINUTES OF FIRST STATE LEVEL COMMITTEE (SLC) MEETING.

70 | G W R A R e p o r t 2 0 2 4 - K a r n a t a k a
71 | G W R A R e p o r t 2 0 2 4 - K a r n a t a k a
72 | G W R A R e p o r t 2 0 2 4 - K a r n a t a k a
73 | G W R A R e p o r t 2 0 2 4 - K a r n a t a k a
 Annexure – IV: Ground water availability, utilization and stage of extraction in Karnataka State (as in 2024)
S. NO NAME OF Ground Water Recharge Total Annual Current Annual Ground Water Extraction Annual Net Ground Stage of
STATE/UT Natural Extractable GW Water Ground Water
Discharges Ground Allocatio Availability Extraction (%)
Monsoon Season Non-Monsoon Season Total Irrigation Industrial Domestic Total
Annual Water n for for future
Recharge Recharge Recharge Recharge Resource Domestic use
from from from from Ground
Water use as on
rainfall other Rainfall other 2025
Sources Sources Recharge
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
1 Karnataka 8.790 5.010 1.230 3.700 18.740 1.860 16.880 10.150 0.190 1.220 11.55 1.280 7.100 68.440
Total (Bcm) 8.790 5.010 1.230 3.700 18.740 1.860 16.880 10.150 0.190 1.220 11.5 1.280 7.100 68.44

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 Annexure – V: District-wise ground water resources availability, utilization and stage of extraction (as in 2024)
S. Name of Ground Water Recharge Total Total Annual Current Annual Ground Water Extraction Annual Net Stage of
No. District Annual Natural Extractable GW Ground Ground
Ground Discharges Ground Allocation Water Water
Water Water for Availability Extraction
Recharge Resource Domestic for future (%)
use as on use
2025
Monsoon Season Non-Monsoon Irrigation Indus- Domes- Total
Season trial tic
Recharge Recharge Recharge Recharge
from from other from from
rainfall Sources Rainfall other
Sources
1 Bagalkot 19608.07 20756.06 2434.48 22548.55 65347.16 6534.68 58812.48 45158.6 41.06 4449.99 49649.63 4601.51 23912.93 84.42
2 Ballari 13976.06 40102.72 2093.77 12687.42 68859.97 6886.01 61973.96 14059 471.3 1970.38 16500.68 2108.96 45644.69 26.63
3 Belagavi 45536.96 24852.91 15202.13 34523.28 120115.28 11459.57 108655.71 65241.4 232.19 12622.31 78095.88 13928.72 37253.55 71.87
4 Bengaluru 7929.28 1952.24 5447.43 2173.7 17502.65 1750.25 15752.4 19494.58 1053.24 2616.66 23164.46 2771.15 0 147.05
(Rural)
5 Bengaluru 8379.36 7812.37 4802.41 10745.39 31739.53 3173.95 28565.58 24542.85 12714.33 16075.32 53332.51 16447.68 0 186.7
(Urban)
6 Bidar 30727.9 3514.63 300.09 2944.01 37486.63 3729.52 33757.1 16031.74 56.14 4307.06 20394.95 4416.03 13297.96 60.42
7 Chamaraja 18047.17 8257.72 5574.73 5684.58 37564.2 3427.23 34136.97 30145.87 29.41 2618.52 32793.77 3049.89 4121.67 96.07
nagara
8 Chikkaballa 18827.1 4789.3 3377.37 6963.24 33957.01 3395.72 30561.29 47097.57 105.16 3019.29 50221.99 3150.21 0 164.33
pura
9 Chikkamaga 26644.38 22506.4 3410.81 15013.16 67574.75 6757.47 60817.27 31303.7 0.15 2505.82 33809.68 2625.54 28144.5 55.59
luru
10 Chitradurga 22000.91 6831.95 5056.35 5956.86 39846.07 3984.61 35861.46 47773.86 95.61 3928.81 51798.27 4073.87 661.19 144.44
11 Dakshina 54474.77 4993.38 10006.21 5412.25 74886.61 7488.65 67397.96 24647.05 53.12 5152.37 29852.52 5412.63 37285.17 44.29
Kannada
12 Davanagere 15011.51 28372.96 3087.02 15070.2 61541.69 6154.17 55387.52 46346.7 229.09 3653.67 50229.48 3732.26 18435.54 90.69
13 Dharwad 15111.65 6838.6 3511.75 6930.34 32392.34 3239.24 29153.1 14323.01 98.98 1705.96 16127.94 1747.51 12983.6 55.32
14 Gadag 12351.34 8797.56 4545.35 7500.83 33195.08 3319.51 29875.57 23598.4 27.68 673.08 24299.19 732.18 7593.49 81.33

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S. Name of Ground Water Recharge Total Total Annual Current Annual Ground Water Extraction Annual Net Stage of
No. District Annual Natural Extractable GW Ground Ground
Ground Discharges Ground Allocation Water Water
Water Water for Availability Extraction
Recharge Resource Domestic for future (%)
use as on use
2025
Monsoon Season Non-Monsoon Irrigation Indus- Domes- Total
Season trial tic
Recharge Recharge Recharge Recharge
from from other from from
rainfall Sources Rainfall other
Sources
15 Hassan 29844.8 28319.51 2035.92 24879.87 85080.1 8508.02 76572.08 49111.72 39.13 1165.32 50316.17 1193.26 31439.76 65.71
16 Haveri 17339.18 26795.41 6383.89 6725.46 57243.94 5724.37 51519.57 34341.88 73.02 1985.44 36400.31 2184.68 17015.04 70.65
17 Kalburgi 56634.44 6045.19 1083.62 8119.18 71882.43 7169.52 64712.9 20875.07 47.7 7253.67 28176.45 7653.22 36732.6 43.54
18 Kodagu 18984.93 3478.18 25.43 1804.05 24292.59 2297.06 21995.53 6764.69 99.97 929.63 7794.32 956.23 14174.61 35.44
19 Kolara 16298.08 7390.64 4241.97 13277.73 41208.42 4120.84 37087.58 67392.97 172.84 4143.49 71709.3 4297.6 0 193.35
20 Koppal 16706.83 30470.21 2299.94 15685.24 65162.22 6516.2 58646.01 34245.47 178.03 2792.99 37216.5 2926.84 25992.01 63.46
21 Mandya 19106.89 24542.37 2610.06 25789.29 72048.61 7064.96 64983.63 37466.84 67.42 3950.93 41485.24 4003.43 26807.74 63.84
22 Mysuru 25676.15 26799.2 3400.87 12963.46 68839.68 6883.98 61955.7 27554.33 92.69 4312.79 31959.81 4531.62 29777.05 51.58
23 Raichur 26044.07 36186.97 5207.45 11782.62 79221.11 7870.75 71350.36 30341.16 173.35 3304.91 33819.44 3589.07 38907.52 47.4
24 Ramanagara 9322.1 16343.21 8300.45 14007.89 47973.65 4797.38 43176.27 38267.34 884.88 3134.38 42286.6 3295.89 3313.01 97.94
25 Shivamogga 63554.9 28423.35 1290.71 17093.22 110362.18 11036.23 99325.95 37864.77 266.38 2696.58 40827.72 2749.97 60205.01 41.1
26 Tumakuru 43579.98 15455.32 9353.24 16359.55 84748.09 8474.82 76273.27 63367.24 141.04 5792.21 69300.46 5984.2 15943.85 90.86
27 Udupi 43394.11 2854.42 627.9 5001.29 51877.72 5187.77 46689.95 13903.75 57.3 2110.32 16071.36 2144.62 30584.28 34.42
28 Uttara 80255.87 4511.51 1196.29 5552.73 91516.4 8867.38 82649.02 23438.18 23.72 3147.02 26608.93 3194.97 55992.15 32.2
Kannada
29 Vijayanagara 18447.04 9432.76 3886.16 8288.67 40054.63 4005.45 36049.18 30210 32.16 1572.64 31814.78 1632.18 7129.99 88.25
30 Vijayapura 63817.81 22783.39 532.62 13215.85 100349.67 10034.99 90314.67 33931.15 26.46 5072.58 39030.21 5237.46 52432.78 43.22
31 Yadgir 21848.96 21072.27 1812.89 14978.53 59712.65 5661.66 54050.99 16047.65 1167.45 3067.15 20282.24 3230.42 34410.74 37.52
Total (Ham) 879482.6 501282.71 123139.31 369678.44 1873583.06 185521.96 1688061.03 1014888.55 18751.02 121731.28 1155370.79 127603.8 710192.43 68.44
Total (Bcm) 8.79 5.01 1.23 3.7 18.74 1.86 16.88 10.15 0.19 1.22 11.55 1.28 7.1 68.44

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 Annexure - VI (A): Categorization of Talukas (as in 2024) for Karnataka State
S. No States / Union Total No. Safe Semi-Critical Critical Over-Exploited Saline
Territories of
Assessed
Units
Nos. % Nos. % Nos. % Nos. % Nos. %
1 KARNATAKA 237 144 60.76 33 13.92 15 6.33 45 18.99 - -
Grand Total 237 144 60.76 33 13.92 15 6.33 45 18.99 - -

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 Annexure - VI (B): District wise Categorization of Taluks for Karnataka State (as in 2024)
S. No Name of District Total No. Safe Semi-Critical Critical Over-Exploited Saline
of
Assessed
Units
No % No. % No. % No. % No. %
1 Bagalkot 9 2 22.22 4 44.44 2 22.22 1 11.11 - -
2 Ballari 5 5 100 - - - - - - - -
3 Belagavi 15 7 46.67 5 33.33 1 6.67 2 13.33 - -
4 Bengaluru (Rural) 4 - - - - - - 4 100 - -
5 Bengaluru (Urban) 6 - - - - - - 6 100 - -
6 Bidar 8 6 75 2 25 - - - - - -
7 Chamarajanagara 5 - - 3 60 - - 2 40 - -
8 Chikkaballapura 6 - - - - - - 6 100 - -
9 Chikkamagaluru 9 7 77.78 - - 1 11.11 1 11.11 - -
10 Chitradurga 6 - - 1 16.67 - - 5 83.33 - -
11 Dakshina Kannada 9 9 100 - - - - - - - -
12 Davanagere 6 2 33.33 1 16.67 1 16.67 2 33.33 - -
13 Dharwad 8 8 100 - - - - - - - -
14 Gadag 7 2 28.57 3 42.86 1 14.29 1 14.29 - -
15 Hassan 8 6 75 - - 1 12.5 1 12.5 - -
16 Haveri 8 3 37.5 4 50 1 12.5 - - - -
17 Kalburgi 11 10 90.91 - - 1 9.09 - - - -
18 Kodagu 5 5 100 - - - - - - - -
19 Kolara 6 - - - - - - 6 100 - -
20 Koppal 7 3 42.86 2 28.57 2 28.57 - - - -
21 Mandya 7 6 85.71 1 14.29 - - - - - -
22 Mysuru 9 9 100 - - - - - - - -
23 Raichur 7 6 85.71 1 14.29 - - - - - -

78 | G W R A R e p o r t 2 0 2 4 - K a r n a t a k a
 S. No Name of District Total No. Safe Semi-Critical Critical Over-Exploited Saline
of
Assessed
Units
No % No. % No. % No. % No. %
24 Ramanagara 5 - - 2 40 2 40 1 20 - -
25 Shivamogga 7 7 100 - - - - - - - -
26 Tumakuru 10 3 30 1 10 1 10 5 50 - -
27 Udupi 7 7 100 - - - - - - - -
28 Uttara Kannada 12 12 100 - - - - - - - -
29 Vijayanagara 6 3 50 - - 1 16.67 2 33.33 - -
30 Vijayapura 13 12 92.31 1 7.69 - - - - - -
31 Yadgir 6 4 66.67 2 33.33 - - - - - -
Total 237 144 60.76 33 13.92 15 6.33 45 18.99 - -

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 Annexure - VI (C): Annual Extractable Resources of Assessment Units under different Categories for Karnataka State (as in 2024)
S. State/Union Total Annual Safe Semi-Critical Critical Over-Exploited Saline
No. Territories Extractable Total Annual % Total Annual % Total Annual % Total Annual % Total Annual %
Resource of Extractable Extractable Extractable Extractable Extractable
Assessed Units Resource (in Resource (in Resource (in Resource (in Resource (in
(in mcm) mcm) mcm) mcm) mcm) mcm)

1 Karnataka 16881.47 10783.48 63.88 2358.89 13.97 1021.41 6.05 2717.68 16.1 - -
Grand Total 16881.47 10783.48 63.88 2358.89 13.97 1021.41 6.05 2717.68 16.1 - -
(in mcm)

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Annexure VI - (D): District wise Annual Extractable Resources of Assessment Units under different Categories for Karnataka State (as in 2024)
S. Name of District Total Safe Semi-Critical Critical Over-Exploited Saline
No. Annual Total % Total % Total % Total % Total %
Extractable Annual Annual Annual Annual Annual
Resource of Extractable Extractable Extractable Extractable Extractable
Assessed Resource Resource Resource Resource Resource
Units (in (in mcm) (in mcm) (in mcm) (in mcm) (in mcm)
mcm)
1 Yadgir 540.51 383.89 71.02 156.62 28.98 - - - - - -
2 Udupi 466.9 466.9 100 - - - - - - - -
3 Bengaluru (Rural) 158.38 - - - - - - 158.38 100 - -
4 Uttara Kannada 826.49 826.49 100 - - - - - - - -
5 Chamarajanagara 341.37 - - 169.2 49.57 - - 172.17 50.43 - -
6 Koppal 586.46 298.09 50.83 166.35 28.36 122.02 20.81 - - - -
7 Bengaluru (Urban) 285.66 - - - - - - 285.66 100 - -
8 Chikkaballapura 305.61 - - - - - - 305.61 100 - -
9 Davanagere 553.88 223.11 40.28 68.46 12.36 105.19 18.99 157.12 28.37 - -
10 Chitradurga 358.61 - - 26.03 7.26 - - 332.58 92.74 - -
11 Ballari 619.74 619.74 100 - - - - - - - -
12 Bagalkot 588.12 127.67 21.71 297.73 50.62 72.02 12.25 90.7 15.42 - -
13 Chikkamagaluru 608.17 456.23 75.02 - - 104.75 17.22 47.2 7.76 - -
14 Belagavi 1086.56 523.56 48.18 393.96 36.26 23.05 2.12 145.99 13.44 - -
15 Bidar 337.57 248.27 73.55 89.3 26.45 - - - - - -
16 Dakshina Kannada 673.98 673.98 100 - - - - - - - -
17 Dharwad 291.53 291.53 100 - - - - - - - -
18 Gadag 298.76 62.32 20.86 176.58 59.1 35.83 11.99 24.03 8.04 - -
19 Hassan 765.72 510.24 66.63 - - 157.16 20.53 98.32 12.84 - -
20 Haveri 515.2 237.53 46.1 240.49 46.68 37.17 7.22 - - - -
21 Kalburgi 647.13 589.25 91.06 - - 57.88 8.94 - - - -
22 Kodagu 219.96 219.96 100 - - - - - - - -
23 Kolara 370.88 - - - - - - 370.88 100 - -

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 S. Name of District Total Safe Semi-Critical Critical Over-Exploited Saline
No. Annual Total % Total % Total % Total % Total %
Extractable Annual Annual Annual Annual Annual
Resource of Extractable Extractable Extractable Extractable Extractable
Assessed Resource Resource Resource Resource Resource
Units (in (in mcm) (in mcm) (in mcm) (in mcm) (in mcm)
mcm)
24 Mandya 649.84 509.66 78.43 140.18 21.57 - - - - - -
25 Mysuru 619.56 619.56 100 - - - - - - - -
26 Raichur 713.5 593.49 83.18 120.01 16.82 - - - - - -
27 Ramanagara 431.76 - - 206.8 47.9 159.26 36.89 65.7 15.22 - -
28 Shivamogga 993.26 993.26 100 - - - - - - - -
29 Tumakuru 762.73 254.76 33.4 67.93 8.91 48.76 6.39 391.28 51.3 - -
30 Vijayapura 903.15 863.9 95.65 39.24 4.35 - - - - - -
31 Vijayanagara 360.49 190.1 52.73 - - 98.31 27.27 72.08 20 - -
Total 16881.47 10783.48 63.88 2358.89 13.97 1021.41 6.05 2717.68 16.1
Grand Total 16881.47 10783.48 63.88 2358.89 13.97 1021.41 6.05 2717.68 16.1

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 Annexure - VI (E): Recharge Worthy Area of Assessment unit under Different Category for Karnataka State (as in 2024)
S. States Total Recharge Safe Semi-Critical Critical Over-Exploited Saline
No. Recharge Worthy Recharge % Recharge % Recharge % Recharge % Recharge %
Worthy Area (in sq Worthy Worthy Worthy Worthy Worthy
Areaof km) Area Area Area Area Area
Assessed in sq km in sq km in sq km in sq km in sq km
Units
(in sq km)

1 Karnataka 170730.92 170730.92 99734.81 58.42 23383.92 13.70 12357.11 7.24 35255.08 20.65 - -
Total 170730.92 170730.92 99734.81 58.42 23383.92 13.70 12357.11 7.24 35255.08 20.65 - -
( in [Link])

83 | G W R A R e p o r t 2 0 2 4 - K a r n a t a k a
 Annexure - VI (F): District Wise Recharge Worthy Area of Assessment unit under Different Category for Karnataka State (as in 2024)
S. Name of District Total Safe Semi-Critical Critical Over-Exploited Saline
No. Recharge Recharge % Recharge % Recharge % Recharge % Recharge %
Worthy Area Worthy Area Worthy Worthy Worthy Worthy
of Assessed of Assessed Area of Area of Area of Area of
Units (in Units (in Assessed Assessed Assessed Assessed
[Link]) [Link]) Units Units Units Units
(in [Link]) (in [Link]) (in [Link]) (in [Link])
1 Bagalkot 6283.8 1482.52 24 2552.28 41 1378.89 22 870.11 14 - -
2 Ballari 3758.91 3758.91 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 - -
3 Belagavi 12956.29 5829.54 45 4785.49 37 438.02 3 1903.24 15 - -
4 Bengaluru (Rural) 2236.51 0 0 0 0 0 0 2236.51 100 - -

5 Bengaluru (Urban) 2130.26 0 0 0 0 0 0 2130.26 100 - -

6 Bidar 5453.14 4116.6 75 1336.54 25 0 0 0 0 - -

7 Chamarajanagara 3609.4 0 0 1415.42 39 0 0 2193.98 61 - -

8 Chikkaballapura 3734.82 0 0 0 0 0 0 3734.82 100 - -

9 Chikkamagaluru 4234.94 2537.18 60 0 0 1217.19 29 480.57 11 - -

10 Chitradurga 8004.61 0 0 627.43 8 0 0 7377.18 92 - -

11 Dakshina Kannada 3576.24 3576.24 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 - -

12 Davanagere 4095.52 793.89 19 431.98 11 947.99 23 1921.66 47 - -

13 Dharwad 4163.28 4163.28 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 - -
14 Gadag 4359.87 850.67 20 2220.68 51 871.1 20 417.42 10 - -
15 Hassan 5962.97 3764.93 63 0 0 1040.78 17 1157.26 19 - -
16 Haveri 4737.54 1933.25 41 2381.9 50 422.39 9 0 0 - -
17 Kalburgi 10962.67 9653.24 88 0 0 1309.43 12 0 0 - -

84 | G W R A R e p o r t 2 0 2 4 - K a r n a t a k a
 S. Name of District Total Safe Semi-Critical Critical Over-Exploited Saline
No. Recharge Recharge % Recharge % Recharge % Recharge % Recharge %
Worthy Area Worthy Area Worthy Worthy Worthy Worthy
of Assessed of Assessed Area of Area of Area of Area of
Units (in Units (in Assessed Assessed Assessed Assessed
[Link]) [Link]) Units Units Units Units
(in [Link]) (in [Link]) (in [Link]) (in [Link])
18 Kodagu 2025.83 2025.83 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 - -
19 Kolara 3827.63 0 0 0 0 0 0 3827.63 100 - -
20 Koppal 5398.66 2077.92 38 1826.32 34 1494.42 28 0 0 - -
21 Mandya 4817.43 4092.71 85 724.72 15 0 0 0 0 - -
22 Mysuru 6116.45 6116.45 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 - -
23 Raichur 8386.67 7649.31 91 737.36 9 0 0 0 0 - -
24 Ramanagara 2739.98 0 0 1174.07 43 1268.55 46 297.36 11 - -
25 Shivamogga 6747.31 6747.31 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 - -
26 Tumakuru 9915.97 2823.96 28 1203.95 12 598.58 6 5289.48 53 - -
27 Udupi 2869.98 2869.98 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 - -
28 Uttara Kannada 6585.48 6585.48 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 - -
29 Vijayanagara 5397.53 2610.16 48 0 0 1369.77 25 1417.6 26 - -
30 Vijayapura 10488.41162 10122.44719 97 365.96 3 0 0 0 0 - -
31 Yadgir 5152.82 3553.00 69 1599.82 31 0 0 0 0 - -
Total ( in [Link]) 170730.92 99734.81 58.42 23383.92 13.70 12357.11 7.24 35255.08 20.65 - -

85 | G W R A R e p o r t 2 0 2 4 - K a r n a t a k a
 Annexure - VII (A): Categorization of Over Exploited, Critical and Semi Critical taluks (as in 2024)
S. Name of District S. No. Name of Semi- S. No. Name of Critical S. No. Name of Over-
No. Critical Assessment Assessment Units Exploited Assessment Units
Units

1 Bagalkot 1 Rabakavi Banahatti 1 Guledagudda 1 Bagalkote

2 Hungund 2 Badami - -
3 Ilkal - - - -
4 Mudhol - - - -
2 Belagavi 1 Chikkodi 1 Kagavada 1 Bailhongal
2 Hukkeri - - 2 Savadatti
3 Gokak - - - -
4 Yaragatti - - - -
5 Athani - - - -
3 Bengaluru (Rural) - - - - 1 Nelamangala
- - - - 2 Devanahalli
- - - - 3 Hoskote
- - - - 4 Doddaballapura
4 Bengaluru (Urban) - - - - 1 Bangalore-East
- - - - 2 Bangalore-South
- - - - 3 Yelahanka
- - - - 4 Bangalore-City
- - - - 5 Anekal
- - - - 6 Bangalore (North)
5 Bidar 1 Bhalki - - - -
2 Hulasuru - - - -
6 Chamarajanagara 1 Yalandur - - 1 Gundlupet
2 Kollegala - - 2 Chamarajanagara
3 Hanuru - - - -
7 Chikkaballapura - - - - 1 Chinthamani

86 | G W R A R e p o r t 2 0 2 4 - K a r n a t a k a
 S. Name of District S. No. Name of Semi- S. No. Name of Critical S. No. Name of Over-
No. Critical Assessment Assessment Units Exploited Assessment Units
Units

- - - - 2 Chikballapur
- - - - 3 Shidlagatta
- - - - 4 Bagepalli
- - - - 5 Gudibande
- - - - 6 Gauribidanur
8 Chikkamagaluru - - 1 Kadur 1 Ajjampura
9 Chitradurga 1 Molakalmuru 1 Holalkere
- - - - 2 Hosadurga
- - - - 3 Challakere
- - - - 4 Chitradurga
- - - - 5 Hiriyur
10 Davanagere 1 Honnali 1 Davanagere 1 Channagiri
- - - - 2 Jagaluru
11 Gadag 1 Shirahatti 1 Rona 1 Gajendragad
2 Mundargi - - - -
3 Gadag - - - -
12 Hassan - - 1 Channarayapatna 1 Arsikere

13 Haveri 1 Savanur 1 Byadagi - -

2 Shiggaon - - - -
3 Ratteehalli - - - -
4 Ranebennur - - - -
14 Kalburgi - - 1 Afzalpur - -
15 Kolara - - - - 1 Mulabagilu
- - - - 2 K.G.F
- - - - 3 Kolar
- - - - 4 Bangarpet
- - - - 5 Malur

87 | G W R A R e p o r t 2 0 2 4 - K a r n a t a k a
 S. Name of District S. No. Name of Semi- S. No. Name of Critical S. No. Name of Over-
No. Critical Assessment Assessment Units Exploited Assessment Units
Units

- - - - - -
16 Koppal 1 Kanakagiri 1 Yelburga - -
2 Kushtagi 2 Kukanuru - -
17 Mandya 1 Malavalli - - - -
18 Raichur 1 Sirivara - - - -
19 Ramanagara 1 Kanakpura 1 Ramanagar 1 Harohalli
2 Channapatna 2 Magadi - -
20 Tumakuru 1 Pavagada 1 Koratagere 1 Tumkur
- - - - 2 Tiptur
- - - - 3 Sira
- - - - 4 Madhugiri
- - - - 5 Chiknayakanahalli
21 Vijayanagara - - 1 Harapanahalli 1 Hagaribommanahalli

- - 2 Kotturu
22 Vijayapura 1 Nidagundi - - - -
23 Yadgir 1 Yadgir - - - -
2 Gurumithakala - - - -
ABSTRACT
Total No. of Assessed Units Number of Semicritical Number of Critical Assessment Number of Over Exploited Assessment
Assessment Units Units Units

237 33 15 45

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 Annexure – VII (B): Quality problems in Assessment units (as in 2024)
S. No. Name of District S. No. Name of Assessment S. No. Name of Assessment S. No. Name of Assessment
Units affected by Units affected by Units affected by
Fluoride Arsenic Salinity

1 Bagalkot - - - - 1 Badami
- - - - 2 Hungund
- - - - 3 Jamakhandi
2 Ballari 1 Ballari - - - -
3 Chitradurga 1 Molakalmuru - - 1 Holalkere
4 Davanagere 1 Harihar - - - -
2 Davanagere - - - -
5 Dharwad - - - - 1 Navalgund
6 Gadag - - - - 1 Gajendragad
- - - - 2 Shirahatti
- - - - 3 Naragund
- - - - 4 Rona
7 Kalburgi 1 Chincholi - - - -
8 Kolara 1 Mulabagilu - - - -
9 Koppal - - - - 1 Yelburga
- - - - 2 Kukanuru
10 Raichur 1 Lingasugur - - 1 Sindhanur
2 Maski - - 2 Manvi
3 Devdurga - - - -
11 Tumakuru 1 Pavagada - - - -
12 Vijayanagara 1 Kudligi - - - -
13 Vijayapura - - - - 1 Basavan Bagewadi
14 Yadgir 1 Shorapur
ABSTRACT
Total No. of Assessed Units Number of Assessment Units Number of Assessment Units Number of Assessment Units
affected by Fluoride affected by Arsenic affected by Salinity
23 12 0 14

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 Annexure-VIII (A): Summary of Assessment Units Improved or Deteriorated From 2023 to 2024 Assessment
S. No. Name of Total Number of Assessment Number of Number of Number of Number of Remarks if
States / Union Units Improved/Deteriorated Assessment Assessment Units Assessment Assessment any
Territories Units Improved Deteriorated Units With No Units Newly
Change formed or
Previous
Assessment
Units
Reorganized

Karnataka 16 3 13 218 3 -

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 Annexure – VIII (B): Comparison of categorization of assessment units (2023 & 2024)
S. Name of District Name of Stage of Categorization Name of District Name of Stage of Categorization Remark
No. Assessment Ground in2023 Assessment Ground in 2024
Unit Water Unit Water
Extraction Extraction
(%) 2023 (%) 2024
1 Vijayanagara Hadagali 75 Semi Critical Vijayanagara Hadagali 68 Safe Improved
2 Chikkamagaluru Kadur 111 Over Exploited Chikkamagaluru Kadur 99 Critical Improved
3 Haveri Hirekerur 77 Semi Critical Haveri Hirekerur 68 Safe Improved
4 Chamarajanagara Chamaraja 99 Critical Chamarajanagara Chamaraja 106 Over Exploited Deteriorated
nagara nagara
5 Koppal Kushtagi 69 Safe Koppal Kushtagi 71 Semi Critical Deteriorated
6 Koppal Yelburga 87 Semi Critical Koppal Yelburga 97 Critical Deteriorated
7 Davanagere Honnali 69 Safe Davanagere Honnali 74 Semi Critical Deteriorated
8 Chitradurga Molakalmuru 67 Safe Chitradurga Molakalmuru 74 Semi Critical Deteriorated
9 Bagalkot Guledagudda 90 Semi Critical Bagalkot Guledagudda 98 Critical Deteriorated
10 Belagavi Savadatti 99 Critical Belagavi Savadatti 107 Over Exploited Deteriorated
11 Gadag Shirahatti 66 Safe Gadag Shirahatti 75 Semi Critical Deteriorated
12 Haveri Byadagi 83 Semi Critical Haveri Byadagi 98 Critical Deteriorated
13 Haveri Ranebennur 63 Safe Haveri Ranebennur 76 Semi Critical Deteriorated
14 Haveri Savanur 50 Safe Haveri Savanur 72 Semi Critical Deteriorated
15 Haveri Shiggaon 56 Safe Haveri Shiggaon 72 Semi Critical Deteriorated
16 Kalburgi Afzalpur 84 Semi Critical Kalburgi Afzalpur 94 Critical Deteriorated

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 Annexure - IX (A): Assessment Unit (Taluk) Wise Report for Karnataka State (as in 2024) – Part A
S. District Assessment Unit Total Recharge Recharge Recharge Recharge Recharge Total Total Annual
No. Name Geographical Worthy Area from from from from Annual Natural Extractable
Area Rainfall- Other Rainfall- Other Ground Discharges Ground
MON Sources- NM Sources- Water (Ham) Water
MON NM Recharge Resource
(Ham) (Ham)

1 Bagalkot Badami 106576 106016 2736.5 1245.4 111.2 1144.7 5237.9 523.8 4714.1
2 Bagalkot Bagalkote 93021 87011 3226.7 3287.2 193.8 3369.8 10077.4 1007.7 9069.7
3 Bagalkot Bilagi 77769 68674 2308.4 1408.6 125.9 1984.1 5827.0 582.7 5244.3
4 Bagalkot Guledagudda 32509 31873 888.9 1029.5 35.6 810.8 2764.8 276.5 2488.3
5 Bagalkot Hungund 70133 67196 2579.4 1526.6 384.7 2317.3 6808.1 680.8 6127.3
6 Bagalkot Ilkal 65129 65020 1225.4 1004.9 787.4 1722.4 4740.1 474.0 4266.1
7 Bagalkot Jamakhandi 85991 79578 2823.8 2727.7 238.1 2569.0 8358.6 835.9 7522.7
8 Bagalkot Mudhol 87112 85193 2554.7 2711.4 438.6 3096.3 8800.9 880.1 7920.8
9 Bagalkot Rabakavi Banahatti 37952 37819 1264.4 5814.7 119.2 5534.2 12732.4 1273.2 11459.2
10 Ballari Ballari 114452 111176 2684.6 8817.4 661.7 3652.2 15815.9 1581.6 14234.3
11 Ballari Kampli 32480 32295 839.0 7527.9 109.3 3025.4 11501.6 1150.2 10351.4
12 Ballari Kurugodu 46710 46709 1047.9 7296.1 179.1 3194.2 11717.2 1171.7 10545.5
13 Ballari Siraguppa 104553 104419 3583.8 15598.4 316.5 1181.5 20680.1 2068.0 18612.1
14 Ballari Sonduru 124422 81292 5820.8 863.0 827.2 1634.2 9145.2 914.5 8230.7
15 Belagavi Athani 155810 155810 2039.1 1395.4 2140.2 891.6 6466.4 646.6 5819.7
16 Belagavi Bailhongal 76016 75958 2709.1 996.4 964.6 1359.0 6029.1 602.9 5426.2
17 Belagavi Belagavi 103191 101948 6258.7 1085.3 1548.6 1685.0 10577.6 554.9 10022.7
18 Belagavi Chikkodi 84319 84319 3179.7 3069.1 690.7 5542.2 12481.7 1248.2 11233.5
19 Belagavi Gokak 98333 98300 1539.5 2370.8 576.9 2701.7 7188.9 718.9 6470.0
20 Belagavi Hukkeri 98372 98372 3677.3 3103.2 992.8 5734.6 13507.9 1350.8 12157.1
21 Belagavi Kagavada 43802 43802 1055.1 552.9 386.0 512.5 2506.6 201.6 2305.0
22 Belagavi Khanapur 172324 133534 10994.6 430.0 1917.0 690.5 14032.0 1403.2 12628.8

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S. District Assessment Unit Total Recharge Recharge Recharge Recharge Recharge Total Total Annual
No. Name Geographical Worthy Area from from from from Annual Natural Extractable
Area Rainfall- Other Rainfall- Other Ground Discharges Ground
MON Sources- NM Sources- Water (Ham) Water
MON NM Recharge Resource
(Ham) (Ham)

23 Belagavi Kitthuru 35995 34014 1806.0 215.7 857.0 305.7 3184.5 318.5 2866.0
24 Belagavi Mudalagi 55169 55169 1303.2 2006.6 736.4 2388.6 6434.7 643.5 5791.2
25 Belagavi Nippani 42574 42574 2605.3 2761.1 726.1 3266.2 9358.7 935.9 8422.8
26 Belagavi Raibag 95243 95243 1841.2 2710.9 558.6 3330.1 8440.7 844.1 7596.7
27 Belagavi Ramadurg 121386 120472 2861.4 577.1 1040.9 1106.7 5586.1 558.6 5027.5
28 Belagavi Savadatti 114883 114366 2720.5 2442.6 1209.5 3819.2 10191.8 1019.2 9172.6
29 Belagavi Yaragatti 42474 41748 946.2 1135.9 857.0 1189.6 4128.7 412.9 3715.9
30 Bengaluru (Rural) Devanahalli 44956 44710 1356.2 412.0 845.3 479.5 3093.0 309.3 2783.7
31 Bengaluru (Rural) Doddaballapura 79558 74357 2221.7 585.3 1492.3 633.4 4932.7 493.3 4439.5
32 Bengaluru (Rural) Hoskote 54593 54593 2074.4 671.5 1503.7 777.0 5026.5 502.7 4523.9
33 Bengaluru (Rural) Nelamangala 50930 49991 2277.0 283.4 1606.2 283.8 4450.4 445.0 4005.4
34 Bengaluru Anekal 52978 48557 2481.4 2894.5 1784.7 3003.2 10163.8 1016.4 9147.4
(Urban)
35 Bengaluru Bangalore (North) 17711 17693 921.1 323.5 642.8 605.3 2492.6 249.3 2243.3
(Urban)
36 Bengaluru Bangalore-City 71069 70967 1824.5 2492.6 29.1 4843.4 9189.5 918.9 8270.5
(Urban)
37 Bengaluru Bangalore-East 13024 13024 683.5 446.4 364.0 347.8 1841.6 184.2 1657.4
(Urban)
38 Bengaluru Bangalore-South 33848 31898 1390.0 1471.5 910.4 1683.2 5455.1 545.5 4909.6
(Urban)
39 Bengaluru Yelahanka 30929 30887 1079.0 183.9 1071.5 262.6 2597.0 259.7 2337.3
(Urban)
40 Bidar Aurad 77088 77088 4347.6 660.2 35.6 280.5 5323.9 532.4 4791.5
41 Bidar Basavakalyan 99201 99062 5144.9 333.5 83.2 411.7 5973.4 578.2 5395.2
93 | G W R A R e p o r t 2 0 2 4 - K a r n a t a k a
S. District Assessment Unit Total Recharge Recharge Recharge Recharge Recharge Total Total Annual
No. Name Geographical Worthy Area from from from from Annual Natural Extractable
Area Rainfall- Other Rainfall- Other Ground Discharges Ground
MON Sources- NM Sources- Water (Ham) Water
MON NM Recharge Resource
(Ham) (Ham)

42 Bidar Bhalki 112184 112184 6432.5 775.7 130.4 783.5 8122.0 812.2 7309.8
43 Bidar Bidar 90962 90962 5739.4 377.4 0.0 405.1 6521.8 652.2 5869.7
44 Bidar Chittaguppa 45727 45727 2299.8 352.9 16.3 233.9 2902.9 290.3 2612.6
45 Bidar Hulasuru 21470 21470 1030.0 445.5 30.2 294.4 1800.1 180.0 1620.1
46 Bidar Humnabad 52585 52585 2938.0 287.4 0.0 267.4 3492.8 349.3 3143.5
47 Bidar Kamalanagara 46236 46236 2795.8 282.0 4.4 267.7 3349.8 335.0 3014.8
48 Chamarajanagara Chamarajanagara 121001 104726 6680.7 1254.9 1903.1 2025.9 11864.6 1186.5 10678.2
49 Chamarajanagara Gundlupet 138074 114672 4150.3 659.4 1177.5 1277.9 7265.0 726.5 6538.5
50 Chamarajanagara Hanuru 238880 96000 4462.7 510.3 1474.7 1087.8 7535.5 424.4 7111.2
51 Chamarajanagara Kollegala 38835 31543 1576.5 3494.0 649.2 769.0 6488.6 648.9 5839.7
52 Chamarajanagara Yalandur 27136 13999 1177.0 2339.2 370.3 524.0 4410.5 441.1 3969.4
53 Chikkaballapura Bagepalli 93248 75818 4795.6 786.4 971.2 1082.4 7635.7 763.6 6872.1
54 Chikkaballapura Chikballapur 63958 47015 2823.7 618.5 674.7 911.0 5027.9 502.8 4525.1
55 Chikkaballapura Chinthamani 89325 84882 3161.6 1086.8 677.5 1537.6 6463.6 646.4 5817.2
56 Chikkaballapura Gauribidanur 88891 80266 3833.2 1451.4 467.6 2249.1 8001.4 800.1 7201.2
57 Chikkaballapura Gudibande 22803 20705 760.3 259.6 44.4 407.3 1471.6 147.2 1324.4
58 Chikkaballapura Shidlagatta 66880 64796 3452.6 586.6 542.0 775.8 5357.0 535.7 4821.3
59 Chikkamagaluru Ajjampura 50326 48057 1362.8 1623.9 356.4 1900.8 5243.9 524.4 4719.5
60 Chikkamagaluru Chikmagalur 159017 69833 2963.6 3360.7 1079.8 2281.2 9685.4 968.5 8716.8
61 Chikkamagaluru Kadur 130477 121719 2267.6 4395.7 1189.2 3786.5 11638.9 1163.9 10475.0
62 Chikkamagaluru Kalasa 43655 4731 594.6 2.6 19.5 4.9 621.5 62.2 559.4
63 Chikkamagaluru Koppa 56245 26633 4672.0 2152.7 0.0 827.6 7652.3 765.2 6887.0
64 Chikkamagaluru Mudigere 72894 34027 4276.3 3210.1 139.9 1034.1 8660.4 866.0 7794.4

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S. District Assessment Unit Total Recharge Recharge Recharge Recharge Recharge Total Total Annual
No. Name Geographical Worthy Area from from from from Annual Natural Extractable
Area Rainfall- Other Rainfall- Other Ground Discharges Ground
MON Sources- NM Sources- Water (Ham) Water
MON NM Recharge Resource
(Ham) (Ham)

65 Chikkamagaluru Narasimharajapura 80865 52321 4809.4 2179.0 166.9 566.6 7721.9 772.2 6949.7
66 Chikkamagaluru Sringeri 44723 14405 2722.6 1393.5 0.0 587.6 4703.6 470.4 4233.3
67 Chikkamagaluru Tarikere 82746 51768 2975.7 4188.2 459.2 4023.9 11646.9 1164.7 10482.2
68 Chitradurga Challakere 207542 206197 4440.3 958.4 1052.8 1419.6 7871.1 787.1 7084.0
69 Chitradurga Chitradurga 138272 125725 3474.5 572.3 834.3 910.8 5791.9 579.2 5212.7
70 Chitradurga Hiriyur 170563 168829 3878.0 2833.6 978.0 2145.3 9834.9 983.5 8851.4
71 Chitradurga Holalkere 110064 98269 4284.1 880.8 887.4 195.0 6247.3 624.7 5622.5
72 Chitradurga Hosadurga 143482 138698 3662.2 1424.5 1060.2 1061.5 7208.3 720.8 6487.5
73 Chitradurga Molakalmuru 73550 62743 2261.8 162.5 243.6 224.7 2892.6 289.3 2603.4
74 Dakshina Bantwal 73400 68331 9357.5 1032.9 1182.4 1150.3 12723.1 1272.3 11450.8
Kannada
75 Dakshina Belthangady 138200 88363 13360.5 1188.9 3050.2 1359.1 18958.6 1895.9 17062.7
Kannada
76 Dakshina Kadaba 72200 40605 6402.6 459.4 1635.4 427.4 8924.8 892.5 8032.3
Kannada
77 Dakshina Mangalore 33400 33400 6060.1 1047.7 773.3 1062.1 8943.2 894.3 8048.9
Kannada
78 Dakshina Mudabidri 29400 26498 4807.8 352.6 756.3 353.7 6270.3 627.0 5643.3
Kannada
79 Dakshina Mulki 10400 10400 1887.0 1.9 240.8 110.5 2240.1 224.0 2016.1
Kannada
80 Dakshina Puttur 40300 36636 4827.2 373.9 1043.4 383.2 6627.7 662.8 5964.9
Kannada
81 Dakshina Sulya 70200 34791 4959.8 534.4 965.6 516.0 6975.8 697.6 6278.3
Kannada

95 | G W R A R e p o r t 2 0 2 4 - K a r n a t a k a
S. District Assessment Unit Total Recharge Recharge Recharge Recharge Recharge Total Total Annual
No. Name Geographical Worthy Area from from from from Annual Natural Extractable
Area Rainfall- Other Rainfall- Other Ground Discharges Ground
MON Sources- NM Sources- Water (Ham) Water
MON NM Recharge Resource
(Ham) (Ham)

82 Dakshina Ullala 18600 18600 2812.3 1.7 358.9 50.1 3223.0 322.3 2900.7
Kannada
83 Davanagere Channagiri 120735 99998 5297.0 3311.0 1043.0 3506.7 13157.6 1315.8 11841.9
84 Davanagere Davanagere 95539 94799 3058.7 3519.0 609.8 4500.1 11687.5 1168.8 10518.8
85 Davanagere Harihar 48615 46371 1596.4 14929.6 325.2 711.8 17563.0 1756.3 15806.7
86 Davanagere Honnali 49052 43198 1398.0 3058.1 323.0 2827.9 7606.9 760.7 6846.2
87 Davanagere Jagaluru 96853 92168 2136.8 599.9 588.4 974.7 4299.8 430.0 3869.8
88 Davanagere Nyamati 37170 33018 1524.7 2955.5 197.6 2549.1 7226.9 722.7 6504.2
89 Dharwad Alnavara 11663 10066 513.1 1216.1 86.8 965.2 2781.2 278.1 2503.1
90 Dharwad Annigere 38481 38481 1111.2 852.6 319.6 695.4 2978.9 297.9 2681.0
91 Dharwad Dharwad 99592 95456 3915.6 865.5 888.1 1725.0 7394.1 739.4 6654.7
92 Dharwad Hubballi Nagara 18029 17920 670.8 247.6 134.9 33.5 1086.8 108.7 978.1
93 Dharwad Hubli 55284 54619 1564.7 866.1 462.5 604.9 3498.2 349.8 3148.3
94 Dharwad Kalgatgi 68369 65719 3262.4 717.7 467.8 1069.2 5517.2 551.7 4965.5
95 Dharwad Kundgol 64796 64796 1641.0 982.0 510.1 788.0 3921.1 392.1 3529.0
96 Dharwad Navalgund 69271 69271 2432.9 1091.1 641.9 1049.0 5214.9 521.5 4693.4
97 Gadag Gadag 109289 104241 3372.8 1457.2 1336.1 1844.6 8010.6 801.1 7209.5
98 Gadag Gajendragad 41872 41742 1377.5 488.7 459.2 344.2 2669.5 267.0 2402.6
99 Gadag Laxmeshwar 43361 41693 1292.6 948.0 577.6 336.7 3154.9 315.5 2839.4
100 Gadag Mundargi 88457 74010 2074.4 3083.6 798.5 2601.3 8557.8 855.8 7702.1
101 Gadag Naragund 43554 43374 1035.0 1245.3 424.8 1064.9 3770.0 377.0 3393.0
102 Gadag Rona 87110 87110 1829.3 967.1 326.7 858.0 3981.1 398.1 3583.0
103 Gadag Shirahatti 51872 43817 1369.7 607.7 622.6 451.0 3051.1 305.1 2746.0

96 | G W R A R e p o r t 2 0 2 4 - K a r n a t a k a
S. District Assessment Unit Total Recharge Recharge Recharge Recharge Recharge Total Total Annual
No. Name Geographical Worthy Area from from from from Annual Natural Extractable
Area Rainfall- Other Rainfall- Other Ground Discharges Ground
MON Sources- NM Sources- Water (Ham) Water
MON NM Recharge Resource
(Ham) (Ham)

104 Hassan Alur 42907 37615 2008.8 1968.6 74.0 1328.3 5379.7 538.0 4841.7
105 Hassan Arkalgud 67119 66978 3399.3 5315.7 212.9 3243.2 12171.1 1217.1 10954.0
106 Hassan Arsikere 126685 115726 4134.7 3456.8 375.9 2957.0 10924.3 1092.4 9831.9
107 Hassan Belur 84384 79139 4159.8 3409.4 365.1 2179.4 10113.7 1011.4 9102.3
108 Hassan Channarayapatna 104398 104078 3592.5 5393.5 423.3 8053.5 17462.7 1746.3 15716.4
109 Hassan Hassan 93611 89951 4147.4 4780.2 312.3 3750.3 12990.1 1299.0 11691.1
110 Hassan Holenarasipura 59949 58834 2706.7 2942.6 272.5 3041.1 8962.9 896.3 8066.6
111 Hassan Sakleshpura 102813 43976 5695.8 1052.8 0.0 327.1 7075.7 707.6 6368.1
112 Haveri Byadagi 43348 42239 1111.6 1534.7 587.7 896.4 4130.3 413.0 3717.3
113 Haveri Hangal 76936 76408 3316.6 6463.4 982.3 1202.1 11964.3 1196.4 10767.9
114 Haveri Haveri 79542 79317 2897.9 4274.5 1013.5 945.3 9131.2 913.1 8218.1
115 Haveri Hirekerur 39055 37600 2927.8 1223.2 541.4 604.1 5296.5 529.7 4766.8
116 Haveri Ranebennur 89816 89231 1794.0 8158.3 1238.9 1490.4 12681.7 1268.2 11413.5
117 Haveri Ratteehalli 40907 37336 1488.0 2210.3 504.0 566.7 4768.9 476.9 4292.0
118 Haveri Savanur 53726 53618 1608.4 1423.4 770.5 482.2 4284.5 428.4 3856.0
119 Haveri Shiggaon 58434 58005 2195.0 1507.8 745.7 538.1 4986.6 498.7 4487.9
120 Kalburgi Afzalpur 130943 130943 5007.6 448.0 264.2 711.1 6430.8 643.1 5787.7
121 Kalburgi Aland 158751 158751 9744.6 960.4 0.0 1786.9 12492.0 1249.2 11242.8
122 Kalburgi Chincholi 124730 124730 7707.4 554.4 0.0 875.5 9137.3 913.7 8223.6
123 Kalburgi Chittapur 107693 106498 5130.2 774.4 142.6 777.6 6824.8 682.5 6142.4
124 Kalburgi Gulbarga 125290 125290 6553.0 601.1 230.8 1070.8 8455.7 845.6 7610.1
125 Kalburgi Jevargi 108078 108078 5454.3 889.6 173.4 1089.5 7606.8 760.7 6846.1
126 Kalburgi Kalagi 71974 71974 3683.6 128.8 43.7 211.6 4067.7 406.8 3660.9

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S. District Assessment Unit Total Recharge Recharge Recharge Recharge Recharge Total Total Annual
No. Name Geographical Worthy Area from from from from Annual Natural Extractable
Area Rainfall- Other Rainfall- Other Ground Discharges Ground
MON Sources- NM Sources- Water (Ham) Water
MON NM Recharge Resource
(Ham) (Ham)

127 Kalburgi Kamalapura 70188 70188 3791.1 321.1 71.5 412.1 4595.8 459.6 4136.2
128 Kalburgi Sedam 102576 102509 6121.6 743.9 2.9 706.6 7575.0 757.5 6817.5
129 Kalburgi Shahbadha 21381 21381 957.8 143.3 29.6 50.9 1181.6 118.2 1063.4
130 Kalburgi Yadrami 75925 75925 2483.2 480.1 125.1 426.6 3514.9 332.8 3182.2
131 Kodagu Kushalanagara 31425 23319 1305.9 1724.7 25.4 732.6 3788.5 378.9 3409.7
132 Kodagu Madikeri 146049 37652 4879.7 91.7 0.0 80.2 5051.6 505.2 4546.5
133 Kodagu Ponnampete 102462 79173 7811.8 562.7 0.0 410.1 8784.6 878.5 7906.1
134 Kodagu Somavarapete 68655 28703 2644.1 929.1 0.0 450.6 4023.8 402.4 3621.4
135 Kodagu Virajpet 62748 33736 2343.4 170.1 0.0 130.6 2644.1 132.2 2511.9
136 Kolara Bangarpet 52976 49825 1863.3 731.0 634.8 1266.0 4495.1 449.5 4045.6
137 Kolara K.G.F 33353 32939 1551.8 702.6 441.8 1275.1 3971.2 397.1 3574.1
138 Kolara Kolar 79297 75620 3150.6 1511.1 931.6 2793.1 8386.4 838.6 7547.8
139 Kolara Malur 64500 63095 2232.0 1065.5 589.4 1885.8 5772.7 577.3 5195.4
140 Kolara Mulabagilu 82413 81337 4048.3 2642.9 935.9 5134.2 12761.4 1276.1 11485.2
141 Kolara Srinivaspura 86454 79947 3452.0 737.6 708.5 923.6 5821.7 582.2 5239.5
142 Koppal Gangavathi 44677 35724 1103.6 2520.3 109.0 1720.1 5453.0 545.3 4907.7
143 Koppal Kanakagiri 49234 46828 1573.4 2709.0 262.2 2107.6 6652.2 665.2 5987.0
144 Koppal Karatagi 39694 39694 1231.2 8952.8 122.5 2159.1 12465.5 1246.6 11219.0
145 Koppal koppal 138269 132374 4082.2 7504.4 544.9 3071.2 15202.6 1520.3 13682.4
146 Koppal Kukanuru 65730 65730 2076.3 2679.7 357.8 2688.5 7802.3 780.2 7022.1
147 Koppal Kushtagi 136241 135804 4184.4 3870.0 564.3 3212.2 11831.0 1183.1 10647.9
148 Koppal Yelburga 83759 83712 2455.7 2234.1 339.3 726.5 5755.6 575.6 5180.0
149 Mandya Krishnarajpet 88969 88583 3245.4 2291.1 377.7 2326.4 8240.6 824.1 7416.5

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S. District Assessment Unit Total Recharge Recharge Recharge Recharge Recharge Total Total Annual
No. Name Geographical Worthy Area from from from from Annual Natural Extractable
Area Rainfall- Other Rainfall- Other Ground Discharges Ground
MON Sources- NM Sources- Water (Ham) Water
MON NM Recharge Resource
(Ham) (Ham)

150 Mandya Maddur 61406 61137 2061.6 3226.6 215.9 3790.0 9294.0 929.4 8364.6
151 Mandya Malavalli 81428 72472 3515.2 5773.8 579.1 5707.2 15575.2 1557.5 14017.7
152 Mandya Mandya 71323 70944 2557.8 4976.3 485.3 4874.8 12894.1 1234.0 11660.1
153 Mandya Nagamangala 103556 102687 4085.2 2823.8 443.1 3908.1 11260.2 1126.0 10134.1
154 Mandya Pandavpura 53380 51661 2580.8 2345.7 334.9 2357.6 7618.9 677.4 6941.5
155 Mandya Srirangapatna 35509 34259 1060.8 3105.3 174.2 2825.3 7165.6 716.6 6449.1
156 Mysuru Heggadadevanakote 104647 99500 4038.3 3298.4 597.6 1669.4 9603.6 960.4 8643.3
157 Mysuru Hunsur 89510 89308 3723.0 4183.0 427.6 1778.0 10111.6 1011.2 9100.4
158 Mysuru [Link] 33222 33222 1646.8 1604.2 170.0 1134.2 4555.1 455.5 4099.6
159 Mysuru Mysuru 81056 80053 3237.3 2491.8 452.2 1438.2 7619.5 762.0 6857.6
160 Mysuru Nanjangud 97753 95549 3686.6 1895.6 420.7 2746.7 8749.5 875.0 7874.6
161 Mysuru Piriyapatna 80735 77968 3445.8 2923.0 377.7 1684.3 8430.8 843.1 7587.7
162 Mysuru Saligrama 27497 27497 1212.2 1706.8 140.7 439.3 3499.0 349.9 3149.1
163 Mysuru Saraguru 56738 48713 2473.9 944.1 520.4 301.0 4239.4 423.9 3815.4
164 Mysuru [Link] 59898 59835 2212.3 7752.4 294.0 1772.5 12031.3 1203.1 10828.1
165 Raichur Devdurga 150652 146404 4166.4 2020.2 547.6 2361.5 9095.7 909.6 8186.1
166 Raichur Lingasugur 145533 145196 3301.2 1466.8 509.6 1086.6 6364.3 636.4 5727.8
167 Raichur Manvi 77845 77845 2780.3 6054.9 1001.7 557.3 10394.3 1039.4 9354.9
168 Raichur Maski 115941 114335 2688.4 2510.4 1337.6 2324.5 8860.9 886.1 7974.8
169 Raichur Raichur 156572 155634 5024.8 2855.4 419.3 2878.7 11178.2 1117.8 10060.4
170 Raichur Sindhanur 126133 125517 5368.5 13203.5 460.4 961.1 19993.5 1948.0 18045.5
171 Raichur Sirivara 74316 73736 2714.6 8075.7 931.1 1612.9 13334.3 1333.4 12000.9
172 Ramanagara Channapatna 54095 47190 1162.0 3978.0 1114.4 2161.7 8416.1 841.6 7574.5

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S. District Assessment Unit Total Recharge Recharge Recharge Recharge Recharge Total Total Annual
No. Name Geographical Worthy Area from from from from Annual Natural Extractable
Area Rainfall- Other Rainfall- Other Ground Discharges Ground
MON Sources- NM Sources- Water (Ham) Water
MON NM Recharge Resource
(Ham) (Ham)

173 Ramanagara Harohalli 50255 29736 957.9 3252.1 885.2 2205.1 7300.3 730.0 6570.3
174 Ramanagara Kanakpura 105947 70217 2284.2 4919.0 2166.9 5191.4 14561.4 1456.1 13105.3
175 Ramanagara Magadi 79485 72260 2299.3 2003.5 1916.6 1784.2 8003.6 800.4 7203.3
176 Ramanagara Ramanagar 63028 54595 2618.8 2190.5 2217.4 2665.5 9692.2 969.2 8722.9
177 Shivamogga Bhadravathi 69257 55282 2143.9 6336.0 259.9 4849.4 13589.3 1358.9 12230.4
178 Shivamogga Hosanagar 142388 100540 14312.1 485.4 0.0 150.1 14947.6 1494.8 13452.8
179 Shivamogga Sagara 193247 139469 16139.9 2069.0 0.0 923.8 19132.7 1913.3 17219.4
180 Shivamogga Shikaripura 91186 80361 4496.4 9095.0 480.3 3673.5 17745.1 1774.5 15970.5
181 Shivamogga Shimoga 111624 94170 4378.5 5591.1 496.2 4189.9 14655.6 1465.6 13190.1
182 Shivamogga Soraba 114791 112423 9647.4 4017.3 54.3 2348.2 16067.1 1606.7 14460.4
183 Shivamogga Thirthahalli 124824 92486 12436.9 829.7 0.0 958.3 14224.9 1422.5 12802.4
184 Tumakuru Chiknayakanahalli 112755 103246 4121.5 783.1 963.6 881.7 6749.8 675.0 6074.9
185 Tumakuru Gubbi 122135 110843 4358.5 3226.0 1021.6 2128.0 10734.0 1073.4 9660.6
186 Tumakuru Koratagere 64783 59858 3504.8 442.5 876.0 594.6 5418.0 541.8 4876.2
187 Tumakuru Kunigal 98264 93779 3961.6 2620.3 1030.7 2824.0 10436.6 1043.7 9392.9
188 Tumakuru Madhugiri 111444 100636 5590.4 1022.8 1103.3 1355.1 9071.6 907.2 8164.4
189 Tumakuru Pavagada 136508 120395 5582.5 662.5 510.5 791.9 7547.4 754.7 6792.6
190 Tumakuru Sira 155270 153702 5244.8 1781.2 1118.2 2376.7 10521.0 1052.1 9468.9
191 Tumakuru Tiptur 78405 76023 2583.0 1266.4 883.0 1120.3 5852.7 585.3 5267.5
192 Tumakuru Tumkur 102837 95341 5637.5 2211.1 979.8 2452.6 11281.0 1128.1 10152.9
193 Tumakuru Turuvekere 77924 77774 2995.3 1439.5 866.7 1834.6 7136.1 713.6 6422.5
194 Udupi Bramhavara 40112 40109 6064.5 623.9 0.0 1019.1 7707.5 770.8 6936.8
195 Udupi Bynduru 57505 34691 5245.3 202.8 0.0 465.1 5913.1 591.3 5321.8

100 | G W R A R e p o r t 2 0 2 4 - K a r n a t a k a
S. District Assessment Unit Total Recharge Recharge Recharge Recharge Recharge Total Total Annual
No. Name Geographical Worthy Area from from from from Annual Natural Extractable
Area Rainfall- Other Rainfall- Other Ground Discharges Ground
MON Sources- NM Sources- Water (Ham) Water
MON NM Recharge Resource
(Ham) (Ham)

196 Udupi Hebri 44983 24881 3762.0 209.1 49.7 590.7 4611.4 461.1 4150.3
197 Udupi Kapu 22062 21996 3325.8 97.3 5.4 209.3 3637.8 363.8 3274.1
198 Udupi Karkala 72329 57885 8752.2 359.1 570.0 779.1 10460.4 1046.0 9414.4
199 Udupi Kundapur 88920 76746 11604.0 1172.4 0.0 1534.2 14310.5 1431.1 12879.5
200 Udupi Udupi 31161 30690 4640.3 189.9 2.8 403.9 5236.9 523.7 4713.2
201 Uttara Kannada Ankola 91374 35471 5593.1 565.5 0.0 630.8 6789.3 678.9 6110.4
202 Uttara Kannada Bhatkal 36102 17566 2656.0 136.8 135.3 148.2 3076.3 307.6 2768.7
203 Uttara Kannada Dandelli 27763 27449 2021.3 20.0 317.0 25.8 2384.2 238.4 2145.7
204 Uttara Kannada Haliyal 57418 56818 4654.4 422.9 346.8 622.6 6046.6 604.7 5442.0
205 Uttara Kannada Honnavar 75196 33896 5454.5 347.4 0.0 390.4 6192.3 619.2 5573.1
206 Uttara Kannada Joida 190488 97825 10869.8 351.7 0.0 382.3 11603.8 1160.4 10443.5
207 Uttara Kannada Karwar 74288 28890 5366.6 634.7 0.0 770.0 6771.3 677.1 6094.2
208 Uttara Kannada Kumta 59009 30548 5311.7 162.0 0.0 202.9 5676.6 567.7 5109.0
209 Uttara Kannada Mundgod 67728 65442 4285.4 416.0 397.2 587.1 5685.6 284.3 5401.3
210 Uttara Kannada Siddapur 86265 58810 8549.6 404.5 0.0 518.4 9472.4 947.3 8525.2
211 Uttara Kannada Sirsi 132282 101953 11887.5 571.4 0.0 681.2 13140.0 1314.0 11826.0
212 Uttara Kannada Yellapur 131778 103880 13606.0 478.8 0.0 593.1 14678.0 1467.8 13210.2
213 Vijayanagara Hadagali 94487 91231 3033.4 3608.8 593.9 2538.1 9774.1 977.4 8796.7
214 Vijayanagara Hagaribommanahalli 87436 87046 2038.2 1170.0 1057.2 1432.1 5697.5 569.8 5127.7
215 Vijayanagara Harapanahalli 143611 136977 5766.7 2050.3 1093.9 2012.5 10923.5 1092.3 9831.1
216 Vijayanagara Hospet 72105 62228 2178.0 1912.9 261.4 1040.0 5392.3 539.2 4853.0
217 Vijayanagara Kotturu 55061 54714 1427.1 221.8 206.1 456.6 2311.5 231.2 2080.4
218 Vijayanagara Kudligi 114065 107557 4003.7 469.0 673.7 809.4 5955.8 595.6 5360.2

101 | G W R A R e p o r t 2 0 2 4 - K a r n a t a k a
S. District Assessment Unit Total Recharge Recharge Recharge Recharge Recharge Total Total Annual
No. Name Geographical Worthy Area from from from from Annual Natural Extractable
Area Rainfall- Other Rainfall- Other Ground Discharges Ground
MON Sources- NM Sources- Water (Ham) Water
MON NM Recharge Resource
(Ham) (Ham)

219 Vijayapura Alamela 59782 59782 3909.9 2685.0 0.0 1000.4 7595.4 759.5 6835.8
220 Vijayapura Babaleshwara 83308 83232.13585 4404.5 2694.9 100.7 1190.8 8390.8 839.1 7551.7
221 Vijayapura Basavan Bagewadi 103702.0365 103702.0365 4300.6 1259.1 34.1 1252.2 6846.0 684.6 6161.4
222 Vijayapura Bijapur 95376 95375.99562 5700.0 1350.8 115.8 1039.7 8206.3 820.6 7385.7
223 Vijayapura Chadachana 69287 69287 3500.6 1847.5 0.0 1233.2 6581.3 658.1 5923.2
224 Vijayapura Devara Hipparagi 72042 72042 4699.6 1147.3 0.0 1429.1 7276.1 727.6 6548.5
225 Vijayapura Indi 153402 153402 11625.5 1859.1 0.0 857.7 14342.3 1434.2 12908.1
226 Vijayapura Kolhara 44062 44031.48927 3246.2 796.5 25.8 595.5 4663.9 466.4 4197.5
227 Vijayapura Muddebihal 92474 92181.05748 5306.4 2213.8 70.9 1471.1 9062.3 906.2 8156.1
228 Vijayapura Nidagundi 37660 36596.44308 2567.1 867.0 20.4 905.9 4360.3 436.0 3924.3
229 Vijayapura Sindagi 80934 80934 4229.3 4156.5 0.0 846.9 9232.6 923.3 8309.4
230 Vijayapura Talikote 72457 72457 3771.5 943.9 60.5 475.2 5251.2 525.1 4726.1
231 Vijayapura Tikota 85818 85818.004 6556.5 962.0 104.5 918.1 8541.1 854.1 7687.0
232 Yadgir Gurumithakala 70625 66927 2696.4 1691.4 148.0 1656.6 6192.4 309.6 5882.8
233 Yadgir Hunisigi 83089 83089 2372.6 3476.0 347.5 4088.1 10284.1 1028.4 9255.7
234 Yadgir Shahapur 99979 99979 4929.8 4057.3 396.6 1995.3 11379.0 1137.9 10241.1
235 Yadgir Shorapur 101234 101234 4427.2 4763.6 445.7 2029.6 11666.0 1166.6 10499.4
236 Yadgir Vadagera 70998 70998 2697.6 4316.3 157.9 2153.0 9324.8 932.5 8392.3
237 Yadgir Yadgir 101574 93055 4725.4 2767.7 317.2 3055.9 10866.3 1086.6 9779.7
State Total 19186762.0365 17073092.1618 879483.7 501284.5 123140.8 369679.1 1873584 185523.4 1688062.4

102 | G W R A R e p o r t 2 0 2 4 - K a r n a t a k a
 Annexure - IX (B): Assessment Unit (Taluk) Wise Report for Karnataka State (as in 2024) – Part -B...
S. District Assessment Unit Annual Irrigation Industri Domestic Total Annual Net Stage of Categorization
No. Name Extractable Use al Use Use Extraction GW Ground Ground (OE/Critical/
Ground Extraction Extracti Extraction (Ham) Allocation Water Water Semi Critical /
Water (Ham) on (Ham) for Availability Extraction Safe)
Resource (Ham) Domestic for future (%)
(Ham) Use as on use (Ham)
2025
(Ham)
1 Bagalkot Badami 4714.1 4150.3 11.0 546.8 4708.0 564.5 389.0 99.87 Critical
2 Bagalkot Bagalkote 9069.7 10930.4 4.6 623.1 11558.1 643.4 1826.0 127.44 Over Exploited
3 Bagalkot Bilagi 5244.3 2515.8 11.9 418.4 2946.1 435.9 3314.6 56.18 Safe
4 Bagalkot Guledagudda 2488.3 2155.2 0.0 281.2 2436.4 290.4 726.3 97.91 Critical
5 Bagalkot Hungund 6127.3 4658.1 1.8 388.3 5048.3 399.9 2134.1 82.39 Semi Critical
6 Bagalkot Ilkal 4266.1 2940.1 1.8 414.1 3356.0 426.4 1286.0 78.67 Semi Critical
7 Bagalkot Jamakhandi 7522.7 2456.0 0.9 586.2 3043.1 605.2 4460.6 40.45 Safe
8 Bagalkot Mudhol 7920.8 6433.2 7.3 574.5 7015.0 596.6 3870.7 88.56 Semi Critical
9 Bagalkot Rabakavi 11459.2 8919.6 1.8 617.4 9538.8 639.3 5905.7 83.24 Semi Critical
Banahatti
10 Ballari Ballari 14234.3 4616.0 174.8 535.6 5326.4 575.3 8868.2 37.42 Safe
11 Ballari Kampli 10351.4 1756.0 0.0 190.4 1946.4 195.9 8399.5 18.80 Safe
12 Ballari Kurugodu 10545.5 1208.0 0.0 220.0 1428.0 227.2 9420.3 13.54 Safe
13 Ballari Siraguppa 18612.1 1971.0 4.4 444.5 2419.9 459.2 16177.5 13.00 Safe
14 Ballari Sonduru 8230.7 4508.0 292.2 579.8 5380.0 651.3 2779.2 65.37 Safe
15 Belagavi Athani 5819.7 3307.3 0.3 1004.3 4311.9 1109.3 2783.8 74.09 Semi Critical
16 Belagavi Bailhongal 5426.2 5515.7 0.9 761.0 6277.5 860.8 158.2 115.69 Over Exploited
17 Belagavi Belagavi 10022.7 4692.4 60.8 2256.2 7009.3 2471.0 2798.6 69.93 Safe
18 Belagavi Chikkodi 11233.5 7875.8 86.8 952.2 8914.7 1057.0 3879.1 79.36 Semi Critical
19 Belagavi Gokak 6470.0 4087.4 0.0 1154.3 5241.7 1247.2 1275.9 81.02 Semi Critical
20 Belagavi Hukkeri 12157.1 9058.5 14.5 908.9 9981.9 1021.5 3740.8 82.11 Semi Critical

103 | G W R A R e p o r t 2 0 2 4 - K a r n a t a k a
 S. District Assessment Unit Annual Irrigation Industri Domestic Total Annual Net Stage of Categorization
No. Name Extractable Use al Use Use Extraction GW Ground Ground (OE/Critical/
Ground Extraction Extracti Extraction (Ham) Allocation Water Water Semi Critical /
Water (Ham) on (Ham) for Availability Extraction Safe)
Resource (Ham) Domestic for future (%)
(Ham) Use as on use (Ham)
2025
(Ham)
21 Belagavi Kagavada 2305.0 1783.9 0.2 381.3 2165.4 414.4 455.9 93.94 Critical
22 Belagavi Khanapur 12628.8 1745.9 0.2 812.2 2558.4 925.7 9957.0 20.26 Safe
23 Belagavi Kitthuru 2866.0 1273.9 0.3 353.7 1627.9 398.5 1193.3 56.80 Safe
24 Belagavi Mudalagi 5791.2 3108.1 12.4 560.8 3681.3 603.5 2067.2 63.57 Safe
25 Belagavi Nippani 8422.8 4748.4 4.9 736.2 5489.5 821.4 3765.6 65.17 Safe
26 Belagavi Raibag 7596.7 4261.7 26.3 994.7 5282.7 1079.7 2229.0 69.54 Safe
27 Belagavi Ramadurg 5027.5 1641.2 21.5 730.8 2393.6 803.8 2561.0 47.61 Safe
28 Belagavi Savadatti 9172.6 9060.0 3.0 765.9 9829.0 840.5 28.2 107.16 Over Exploited
29 Belagavi Yaragatti 3715.9 3081.4 0.0 249.8 3331.2 274.5 359.9 89.65 Semi Critical
30 Bengaluru Devanahalli 2783.7 3951.4 218.6 538.1 4708.1 555.2 0.0 169.13 Over Exploited
(Rural)
31 Bengaluru Doddaballapura 4439.5 5699.4 312.8 800.2 6812.3 840.4 0.0 153.45 Over Exploited
(Rural)
32 Bengaluru Hoskote 4523.9 6475.8 168.9 761.6 7406.3 848.7 0.0 163.72 Over Exploited
(Rural)
33 Bengaluru Nelamangala 4005.4 3368.0 353.0 516.7 4237.7 526.8 0.0 105.80 Over Exploited
(Rural)
34 Bengaluru Anekal 9147.4 7370.3 2772.2 654.1 10796.6 668.4 0.0 118.03 Over Exploited
(Urban)
35 Bengaluru Bangalore 2243.3 3759.0 1324.5 97.6 5181.1 100.7 0.0 230.96 Over Exploited
(Urban) (North)
36 Bengaluru Bangalore-City 8270.5 0.0 5338.0 14683.4 20021.3 15018.9 0.0 242.08 Over Exploited
(Urban)
37 Bengaluru Bangalore-East 1657.4 4371.8 514.5 181.4 5067.7 185.4 0.0 305.75 Over Exploited
104 | G W R A R e p o r t 2 0 2 4 - K a r n a t a k a
 S. District Assessment Unit Annual Irrigation Industri Domestic Total Annual Net Stage of Categorization
No. Name Extractable Use al Use Use Extraction GW Ground Ground (OE/Critical/
Ground Extraction Extracti Extraction (Ham) Allocation Water Water Semi Critical /
Water (Ham) on (Ham) for Availability Extraction Safe)
Resource (Ham) Domestic for future (%)
(Ham) Use as on use (Ham)
2025
(Ham)
(Urban)
38 Bengaluru Bangalore-South 4909.6 3995.9 1853.4 341.1 6190.4 352.8 0.0 126.09 Over Exploited
(Urban)
39 Bengaluru Yelahanka 2337.3 5046.0 911.6 117.7 6075.3 121.5 0.0 259.93 Over Exploited
(Urban)
40 Bidar Aurad 4791.5 1667.1 2.0 404.2 2073.3 412.1 2710.3 43.27 Safe
41 Bidar Basavakalyan 5395.2 2267.7 0.0 704.5 2972.2 723.5 2448.8 55.09 Safe
42 Bidar Bhalki 7309.8 4627.2 2.3 710.0 5339.5 725.5 1954.8 73.05 Semi Critical
43 Bidar Bidar 5869.7 2212.0 27.5 1441.5 3680.9 1488.3 2141.9 62.71 Safe
44 Bidar Chittaguppa 2612.6 1222.4 2.3 342.2 1566.8 348.1 1039.9 59.97 Safe
45 Bidar Hulasuru 1620.1 1359.2 0.0 0.0 1359.2 0.0 260.9 83.90 Semi Critical
46 Bidar Humnabad 3143.5 1206.9 22.1 432.8 1661.7 441.2 1473.3 52.86 Safe
47 Bidar Kamalanagara 3014.8 1469.4 0.0 271.9 1741.3 277.2 1268.2 57.76 Safe
48 Chamarajanag Chamarajanagar 10678.2 10461.6 14.9 875.9 11352.4 990.2 0.0 106.31 Over Exploited
ara a
49 Chamarajanag Gundlupet 6538.5 7612.5 9.8 623.9 8246.2 747.3 70.5 126.12 Over Exploited
ara
50 Chamarajanag Hanuru 7111.2 5152.2 1.2 410.9 5564.3 431.0 1526.7 78.25 Semi Critical
ara
51 Chamarajanag Kollegala 5839.7 4154.8 3.5 479.2 4637.4 623.9 1577.3 79.41 Semi Critical
ara
52 Chamarajanag Yalandur 3969.4 2764.8 0.0 228.6 2993.4 257.5 947.2 75.41 Semi Critical
ara
53 Chikkaballapu Bagepalli 6872.1 8792.2 2.2 383.1 9177.5 386.1 0.0 133.55 Over Exploited
105 | G W R A R e p o r t 2 0 2 4 - K a r n a t a k a
 S. District Assessment Unit Annual Irrigation Industri Domestic Total Annual Net Stage of Categorization
No. Name Extractable Use al Use Use Extraction GW Ground Ground (OE/Critical/
Ground Extraction Extracti Extraction (Ham) Allocation Water Water Semi Critical /
Water (Ham) on (Ham) for Availability Extraction Safe)
Resource (Ham) Domestic for future (%)
(Ham) Use as on use (Ham)
2025
(Ham)
ra
54 Chikkaballapu Chikballapur 4525.1 6743.5 53.7 544.6 7341.8 560.1 0.0 162.25 Over Exploited
ra
55 Chikkaballapu Chinthamani 5817.2 12394.4 9.1 731.1 13134.7 750.3 0.0 225.79 Over Exploited
ra
56 Chikkaballapu Gauribidanur 7201.2 10309.0 31.4 705.2 11045.6 776.6 0.0 153.39 Over Exploited
ra
57 Chikkaballapu Gudibande 1324.4 1374.8 2.9 123.5 1501.1 125.5 0.0 113.34 Over Exploited
ra
58 Chikkaballapu Shidlagatta 4821.3 7483.7 5.8 531.8 8021.3 551.6 0.0 166.37 Over Exploited
ra
59 Chikkamagalu Ajjampura 4719.5 5781.7 0.0 193.3 5975.1 194.4 0.0 126.60 Over Exploited
ru
60 Chikkamagalu Chikmagalur 8716.8 5008.6 0.1 810.1 5818.8 896.0 2812.1 66.75 Safe
ru
61 Chikkamagalu Kadur 10475.0 9826.6 0.0 561.5 10388.1 572.1 76.3 99.17 Critical
ru
62 Chikkamagalu Kalasa 559.4 20.7 0.0 58.1 78.8 58.4 480.3 14.08 Safe
ru
63 Chikkamagalu Koppa 6887.0 1087.9 0.0 160.1 1248.0 161.0 5638.1 18.12 Safe
ru
64 Chikkamagalu Mudigere 7794.4 1184.7 0.0 183.6 1368.3 184.6 6425.0 17.55 Safe
ru
65 Chikkamagalu Narasimharajap 6949.7 1091.0 0.0 133.9 1224.9 135.9 5722.8 17.63 Safe
ru ura

106 | G W R A R e p o r t 2 0 2 4 - K a r n a t a k a
 S. District Assessment Unit Annual Irrigation Industri Domestic Total Annual Net Stage of Categorization
No. Name Extractable Use al Use Use Extraction GW Ground Ground (OE/Critical/
Ground Extraction Extracti Extraction (Ham) Allocation Water Water Semi Critical /
Water (Ham) on (Ham) for Availability Extraction Safe)
Resource (Ham) Domestic for future (%)
(Ham) Use as on use (Ham)
2025
(Ham)
66 Chikkamagalu Sringeri 4233.3 716.0 0.0 68.9 784.9 69.3 3448.0 18.54 Safe
ru
67 Chikkamagalu Tarikere 10482.2 6586.5 0.0 336.4 6922.9 353.9 3541.8 66.04 Safe
ru
68 Chitradurga Challakere 7084.0 9043.8 32.8 865.3 9941.9 897.0 0.0 140.34 Over Exploited
69 Chitradurga Chitradurga 5212.7 6720.6 29.2 1009.2 7759.1 1048.1 0.0 148.85 Over Exploited
70 Chitradurga Hiriyur 8851.4 11131.2 27.5 678.3 11837.1 703.6 0.0 133.73 Over Exploited
71 Chitradurga Holalkere 5622.5 10495.6 1.0 488.2 10984.7 505.5 0.0 195.37 Over Exploited
72 Chitradurga Hosadurga 6487.5 8787.6 2.6 555.0 9345.2 575.0 0.0 144.05 Over Exploited
73 Chitradurga Molakalmuru 2603.4 1595.1 2.5 332.8 1930.4 344.6 661.2 74.15 Semi Critical
74 Dakshina Bantwal 11450.8 5127.7 14.7 788.1 5930.5 806.3 5502.1 51.79 Safe
Kannada
75 Dakshina Belthangady 17062.7 7127.0 2.6 589.7 7719.3 602.9 9330.3 45.24 Safe
Kannada
76 Dakshina Kadaba 8032.3 2531.3 0.0 262.0 2793.3 269.5 5231.6 34.78 Safe
Kannada
77 Dakshina Mangalore 8048.9 2065.9 6.5 1731.3 3803.7 1883.0 4093.4 47.26 Safe
Kannada
78 Dakshina Mudabidri 5643.3 1901.2 0.0 284.1 2185.3 298.8 3443.3 38.72 Safe
Kannada
79 Dakshina Mulki 2016.1 651.0 11.4 169.7 832.1 178.2 1175.5 41.27 Safe
Kannada
80 Dakshina Puttur 5964.9 1804.3 13.8 510.4 2328.5 532.8 3613.9 39.04 Safe
Kannada

107 | G W R A R e p o r t 2 0 2 4 - K a r n a t a k a
 S. District Assessment Unit Annual Irrigation Industri Domestic Total Annual Net Stage of Categorization
No. Name Extractable Use al Use Use Extraction GW Ground Ground (OE/Critical/
Ground Extraction Extracti Extraction (Ham) Allocation Water Water Semi Critical /
Water (Ham) on (Ham) for Availability Extraction Safe)
Resource (Ham) Domestic for future (%)
(Ham) Use as on use (Ham)
2025
(Ham)
81 Dakshina Sulya 6278.3 2928.9 0.3 348.8 3278.0 362.3 2986.7 52.21 Safe
Kannada
82 Dakshina Ullala 2900.7 509.8 3.8 468.3 981.8 478.7 1908.4 33.85 Safe
Kannada
83 Davanagere Channagiri 11841.9 15109.5 12.3 662.1 15783.9 676.6 721.2 133.29 Over Exploited
84 Davanagere Davanagere 10518.8 7828.0 159.0 1504.3 9491.3 1537.2 3652.5 90.23 Critical
85 Davanagere Harihar 15806.7 9317.0 19.6 595.1 9931.8 608.1 6610.1 62.83 Safe
86 Davanagere Honnali 6846.2 4682.8 26.9 328.9 5038.5 335.2 3585.6 73.60 Semi Critical
87 Davanagere Jagaluru 3869.8 5552.8 4.2 382.7 5939.6 391.1 0.0 153.49 Over Exploited
88 Davanagere Nyamati 6504.2 3856.7 7.1 180.6 4044.3 184.0 3866.1 62.18 Safe
89 Dharwad Alnavara 2503.1 855.9 0.0 80.3 936.2 82.3 1564.9 37.40 Safe
90 Dharwad Annigere 2681.0 1402.7 0.9 194.2 1597.8 198.9 1078.5 59.60 Safe
91 Dharwad Dharwad 6654.7 3767.2 52.1 256.6 4076.0 262.9 2572.5 61.25 Safe
92 Dharwad Hubballi Nagara 978.1 149.0 12.6 283.8 445.4 290.7 525.8 45.54 Safe
93 Dharwad Hubli 3148.3 1749.0 24.4 321.7 2095.2 329.6 1045.3 66.55 Safe
94 Dharwad Kalgatgi 4965.5 2120.8 6.2 348.4 2475.4 356.9 2481.6 49.85 Safe
95 Dharwad Kundgol 3529.0 2015.0 1.8 0.0 2016.8 0.0 1512.2 57.15 Safe
96 Dharwad Navalgund 4693.4 2263.5 0.9 220.9 2485.3 226.3 2202.7 52.95 Safe
97 Gadag Gadag 7209.5 6187.0 10.0 225.6 6422.6 240.7 1761.4 89.09 Semi Critical
98 Gadag Gajendragad 2402.6 2564.5 1.6 80.0 2646.1 96.6 51.1 110.14 Over Exploited
99 Gadag Laxmeshwar 2839.4 1658.4 4.8 65.4 1728.6 66.8 1109.5 60.88 Safe
100 Gadag Mundargi 7702.1 6757.2 2.7 84.5 6844.3 91.3 1505.2 88.86 Semi Critical
101 Gadag Naragund 3393.0 1110.2 0.0 54.6 1164.8 56.2 2226.6 34.33 Safe
108 | G W R A R e p o r t 2 0 2 4 - K a r n a t a k a
 S. District Assessment Unit Annual Irrigation Industri Domestic Total Annual Net Stage of Categorization
No. Name Extractable Use al Use Use Extraction GW Ground Ground (OE/Critical/
Ground Extraction Extracti Extraction (Ham) Allocation Water Water Semi Critical /
Water (Ham) on (Ham) for Availability Extraction Safe)
Resource (Ham) Domestic for future (%)
(Ham) Use as on use (Ham)
2025
(Ham)
102 Gadag Rona 3583.0 3322.0 1.1 109.7 3432.7 126.4 254.8 95.81 Critical
103 Gadag Shirahatti 2746.0 1999.2 7.5 53.3 2060.0 54.2 685.0 75.02 Semi Critical
104 Hassan Alur 4841.7 1121.6 2.5 75.5 1199.6 76.0 3641.6 24.78 Safe
105 Hassan Arkalgud 10954.0 3798.2 3.0 230.6 4031.8 239.4 6913.3 36.81 Safe
106 Hassan Arsikere 9831.9 14517.3 7.7 104.1 14629.2 108.2 0.0 148.79 Over Exploited
107 Hassan Belur 9102.3 3364.4 3.7 160.0 3528.1 160.9 5573.3 38.76 Safe
108 Hassan Channarayapatn 15716.4 15213.9 6.6 170.8 15391.3 171.7 324.2 97.93 Critical
a
109 Hassan Hassan 11691.1 7629.6 7.3 160.7 7797.6 161.6 3892.6 66.70 Safe
110 Hassan Holenarasipura 8066.6 2987.7 4.6 146.8 3139.1 158.0 5326.7 38.92 Safe
111 Hassan Sakleshpura 6368.1 479.0 3.7 116.8 599.4 117.4 5768.0 9.41 Safe
112 Haveri Byadagi 3717.3 3547.0 11.4 66.6 3625.0 72.2 262.1 97.52 Critical
113 Haveri Hangal 10767.9 5608.3 2.2 494.0 6104.5 563.1 4594.3 56.69 Safe
114 Haveri Haveri 8218.1 4862.4 2.2 324.7 5189.3 377.0 3138.5 63.14 Safe
115 Haveri Hirekerur 4766.8 3008.6 1.1 244.4 3254.2 247.9 1509.2 68.27 Safe
116 Haveri Ranebennur 11413.5 8484.5 6.4 175.9 8666.7 213.0 3849.3 75.93 Semi Critical
117 Haveri Ratteehalli 4292.0 3512.6 0.0 55.8 3568.4 56.6 1340.9 83.14 Semi Critical
118 Haveri Savanur 3856.0 2488.3 0.4 269.7 2758.4 293.9 1073.4 71.54 Semi Critical
119 Haveri Shiggaon 4487.9 2830.1 49.3 354.4 3233.9 361.1 1247.4 72.06 Semi Critical
120 Kalburgi Afzalpur 5787.7 4819.7 0.0 603.2 5423.0 646.5 621.2 93.70 Critical
121 Kalburgi Aland 11242.8 5615.0 4.5 791.7 6411.2 820.6 4802.7 57.02 Safe
122 Kalburgi Chincholi 8223.6 1886.2 0.0 514.0 2400.2 531.3 5806.1 29.19 Safe

109 | G W R A R e p o r t 2 0 2 4 - K a r n a t a k a
 S. District Assessment Unit Annual Irrigation Industri Domestic Total Annual Net Stage of Categorization
No. Name Extractable Use al Use Use Extraction GW Ground Ground (OE/Critical/
Ground Extraction Extracti Extraction (Ham) Allocation Water Water Semi Critical /
Water (Ham) on (Ham) for Availability Extraction Safe)
Resource (Ham) Domestic for future (%)
(Ham) Use as on use (Ham)
2025
(Ham)
123 Kalburgi Chittapur 6142.4 1463.7 3.6 654.8 2122.1 678.4 3996.7 34.55 Safe
124 Kalburgi Gulbarga 7610.1 2462.2 19.8 2611.1 5093.0 2791.0 2337.2 66.92 Safe
125 Kalburgi Jevargi 6846.1 1117.6 0.0 509.2 1626.8 549.4 5371.7 23.76 Safe
126 Kalburgi Kalagi 3660.9 600.9 0.0 257.2 858.1 263.3 2796.7 23.44 Safe
127 Kalburgi Kamalapura 4136.2 1120.6 1.8 301.3 1423.6 308.6 2705.3 34.42 Safe
128 Kalburgi Sedam 6817.5 1045.4 18.0 548.0 1611.4 562.3 5191.8 23.64 Safe
129 Kalburgi Shahbadha 1063.4 232.9 0.0 304.5 537.5 339.5 594.5 50.54 Safe
130 Kalburgi Yadrami 3182.2 510.9 0.0 158.8 669.7 162.5 2508.8 21.04 Safe
131 Kodagu Kushalanagara 3409.7 2139.3 26.3 168.6 2334.2 170.9 1073.2 68.46 Safe
132 Kodagu Madikeri 4546.5 44.4 31.5 192.2 268.2 211.3 4259.2 5.90 Safe
133 Kodagu Ponnampete 7906.1 2160.0 4.4 198.2 2362.6 199.6 5542.2 29.88 Safe
134 Kodagu Somavarapete 3621.4 1961.2 9.9 179.7 2150.7 182.0 1468.4 59.39 Safe
135 Kodagu Virajpet 2511.9 459.8 27.9 190.9 678.6 192.5 1831.6 27.02 Safe
136 Kolara Bangarpet 4045.6 7128.5 3.5 564.5 7696.6 575.0 0.0 190.24 Over Exploited
137 Kolara K.G.F 3574.1 6188.3 5.1 726.3 6919.7 742.2 0.0 193.61 Over Exploited
138 Kolara Kolar 7547.8 14232.4 100.8 1088.9 15422.1 1131.0 0.0 204.33 Over Exploited
139 Kolara Malur 5195.4 8237.1 56.6 619.8 8913.5 663.2 0.0 171.56 Over Exploited
140 Kolara Mulabagilu 11485.2 25990.7 4.3 674.0 26668.9 705.2 0.0 232.20 Over Exploited
141 Kolara Srinivaspura 5239.5 5616.0 2.7 469.9 6088.6 481.0 0.0 116.21 Over Exploited
142 Koppal Gangavathi 4907.7 2128.5 0.0 305.1 2433.6 318.2 3006.9 49.59 Safe
143 Koppal Kanakagiri 5987.0 5084.0 0.3 198.3 5282.6 201.2 916.3 88.23 Semi Critical
144 Koppal Karatagi 11219.0 1086.4 0.0 278.6 1365.0 284.1 9848.5 12.17 Safe

110 | G W R A R e p o r t 2 0 2 4 - K a r n a t a k a
 S. District Assessment Unit Annual Irrigation Industri Domestic Total Annual Net Stage of Categorization
No. Name Extractable Use al Use Use Extraction GW Ground Ground (OE/Critical/
Ground Extraction Extracti Extraction (Ham) Allocation Water Water Semi Critical /
Water (Ham) on (Ham) for Availability Extraction Safe)
Resource (Ham) Domestic for future (%)
(Ham) Use as on use (Ham)
2025
(Ham)
145 Koppal koppal 13682.4 7843.0 146.9 796.1 8786.0 860.3 6262.6 64.21 Safe
146 Koppal Kukanuru 7022.1 6488.8 30.9 240.6 6760.2 244.7 257.7 96.27 Critical
147 Koppal Kushtagi 10647.9 6926.8 0.0 648.5 7575.3 683.3 4821.1 71.14 Semi Critical
148 Koppal Yelburga 5180.0 4688.0 0.0 325.7 5013.7 335.0 879.0 96.79 Critical
149 Mandya Krishnarajpet 7416.5 3063.9 8.0 569.7 3641.6 577.3 3767.4 49.10 Safe
150 Mandya Maddur 8364.6 4258.1 33.9 640.6 4932.6 649.2 3821.3 58.97 Safe
151 Mandya Malavalli 14017.7 10866.2 13.1 614.9 11494.2 623.1 4271.9 82.00 Semi Critical
152 Mandya Mandya 11660.1 6055.1 4.6 928.7 6988.4 941.0 4659.5 59.93 Safe
153 Mandya Nagamangala 10134.1 6245.9 0.9 406.7 6653.5 412.1 3860.5 65.65 Safe
154 Mandya Pandavpura 6941.5 3944.7 1.8 397.4 4343.8 402.6 2797.9 62.58 Safe
155 Mandya Srirangapatna 6449.1 3033.1 5.1 392.9 3431.2 398.2 3629.4 53.20 Safe
156 Mysuru Heggadadevanak 8643.3 3685.6 11.0 288.5 3985.2 290.6 4656.0 46.11 Safe
ote
157 Mysuru Hunsur 9100.4 4387.7 6.7 513.5 4907.9 525.9 4180.2 53.93 Safe
158 Mysuru [Link] 4099.6 1551.0 0.5 126.3 1677.8 129.5 2418.5 40.93 Safe
159 Mysuru Mysuru 6857.6 2085.0 54.3 2377.1 4516.4 2545.6 2172.7 65.86 Safe
160 Mysuru Nanjangud 7874.6 4675.3 12.2 136.8 4824.3 138.8 3048.2 61.26 Safe
161 Mysuru Piriyapatna 7587.7 4680.4 1.7 419.7 5101.7 427.2 2478.5 67.24 Safe
162 Mysuru Saligrama 3149.1 855.7 0.0 100.0 955.6 101.6 2191.8 30.35 Safe
163 Mysuru Saraguru 3815.4 806.4 0.0 78.1 884.5 78.7 2930.4 23.18 Safe
164 Mysuru [Link] 10828.1 4827.2 6.3 272.9 5106.4 293.7 5700.8 47.16 Safe
165 Raichur Devdurga 8186.1 2901.1 28.9 541.4 3471.5 614.0 4642.1 42.41 Safe

111 | G W R A R e p o r t 2 0 2 4 - K a r n a t a k a
 S. District Assessment Unit Annual Irrigation Industri Domestic Total Annual Net Stage of Categorization
No. Name Extractable Use al Use Use Extraction GW Ground Ground (OE/Critical/
Ground Extraction Extracti Extraction (Ham) Allocation Water Water Semi Critical /
Water (Ham) on (Ham) for Availability Extraction Safe)
Resource (Ham) Domestic for future (%)
(Ham) Use as on use (Ham)
2025
(Ham)
166 Raichur Lingasugur 5727.8 3149.2 0.7 458.7 3608.6 470.3 2107.6 63.00 Safe
167 Raichur Manvi 9354.9 2550.3 35.3 289.2 2874.8 327.8 6655.1 30.73 Safe
168 Raichur Maski 7974.8 3571.0 0.9 283.6 3855.4 290.8 4112.2 48.35 Safe
169 Raichur Raichur 10060.4 5902.0 90.7 816.0 6808.7 879.3 3188.4 67.68 Safe
170 Raichur Sindhanur 18045.5 3497.8 7.2 712.2 4217.2 776.0 13764.5 23.37 Safe
171 Raichur Sirivara 12000.9 8769.8 9.6 203.8 8983.2 231.0 4437.7 74.85 Semi Critical
172 Ramanagara Channapatna 7574.5 5967.0 0.2 668.1 6635.3 677.5 929.8 87.60 Semi Critical
173 Ramanagara Harohalli 6570.3 7456.8 590.4 280.2 8327.4 295.5 0.0 126.74 Over Exploited
174 Ramanagara Kanakpura 13105.3 10806.9 0.9 741.2 11549.0 778.1 1981.1 88.13 Semi Critical
175 Ramanagara Magadi 7203.3 6528.7 5.4 592.8 7126.9 635.1 76.4 98.94 Critical
176 Ramanagara Ramanagar 8722.9 7508.0 288.0 852.1 8648.0 909.7 325.7 99.14 Critical
177 Shivamogga Bhadravathi 12230.4 5336.6 6.8 431.5 5774.9 437.1 6629.3 47.22 Safe
178 Shivamogga Hosanagar 13452.8 2945.4 0.0 252.1 3197.5 254.2 10253.2 23.77 Safe
179 Shivamogga Sagara 17219.4 4863.1 0.0 302.8 5166.0 305.0 12051.3 30.00 Safe
180 Shivamogga Shikaripura 15970.5 7569.0 2.5 434.1 8005.6 444.7 9464.0 50.13 Safe
181 Shivamogga Shimoga 13190.1 5339.4 257.0 575.3 6171.8 590.5 7074.1 46.79 Safe
182 Shivamogga Soraba 14460.4 7860.8 0.0 478.4 8339.2 494.5 6105.1 57.67 Safe
183 Shivamogga Thirthahalli 12802.4 3950.5 0.0 222.4 4172.8 223.9 8628.1 32.59 Safe
184 Tumakuru Chiknayakanahal 6074.9 6286.9 0.5 499.6 6787.0 517.4 0.0 111.72 Over Exploited
li
185 Tumakuru Gubbi 9660.6 4373.5 0.7 604.9 4979.0 622.8 5410.7 51.54 Safe
186 Tumakuru Koratagere 4876.2 4430.6 3.6 388.3 4822.5 400.4 41.6 98.90 Critical

112 | G W R A R e p o r t 2 0 2 4 - K a r n a t a k a
 S. District Assessment Unit Annual Irrigation Industri Domestic Total Annual Net Stage of Categorization
No. Name Extractable Use al Use Use Extraction GW Ground Ground (OE/Critical/
Ground Extraction Extracti Extraction (Ham) Allocation Water Water Semi Critical /
Water (Ham) on (Ham) for Availability Extraction Safe)
Resource (Ham) Domestic for future (%)
(Ham) Use as on use (Ham)
2025
(Ham)
187 Tumakuru Kunigal 9392.9 5187.8 23.6 531.9 5743.3 550.8 3675.9 61.15 Safe
188 Tumakuru Madhugiri 8164.4 8783.2 0.2 620.6 9404.0 639.9 0.0 115.18 Over Exploited
189 Tumakuru Pavagada 6792.6 4818.7 5.9 565.0 5389.5 581.7 1386.4 79.34 Semi Critical
190 Tumakuru Sira 9468.9 9685.4 14.4 718.9 10418.8 739.3 0.0 110.03 Over Exploited
191 Tumakuru Tiptur 5267.5 6183.5 7.0 524.7 6715.1 543.3 814.5 127.48 Over Exploited
192 Tumakuru Tumkur 10152.9 10106.7 73.6 940.3 11120.6 976.6 2127.1 109.53 Over Exploited
193 Tumakuru Turuvekere 6422.5 3511.0 11.6 398.0 3920.7 412.2 2487.7 61.05 Safe
194 Udupi Bramhavara 6936.8 2597.3 9.1 443.1 3049.5 450.3 3880.1 43.96 Safe
195 Udupi Bynduru 5321.8 1618.7 0.8 318.3 1937.7 323.4 3379.0 36.41 Safe
196 Udupi Hebri 4150.3 2297.1 0.3 118.8 2416.1 120.7 1732.2 58.22 Safe
197 Udupi Kapu 3274.1 729.5 0.8 343.8 1074.0 349.3 2194.5 32.80 Safe
198 Udupi Karkala 9414.4 2538.0 13.3 229.6 2781.0 233.4 6629.7 29.54 Safe
199 Udupi Kundapur 12879.5 2806.7 25.6 334.0 3166.2 339.4 9707.8 24.58 Safe
200 Udupi Udupi 4713.2 1316.6 7.5 322.8 1646.9 328.1 3061.0 34.94 Safe
201 Uttara Ankola 6110.4 3464.2 2.7 230.8 3697.7 234.3 2409.2 60.51 Safe
Kannada
202 Uttara Bhatkal 2768.7 605.0 2.8 347.4 955.2 352.7 1808.1 34.50 Safe
Kannada
203 Uttara Dandelli 2145.7 112.4 0.3 142.5 255.3 144.7 1888.3 11.90 Safe
Kannada
204 Uttara Haliyal 5442.0 2709.6 0.3 226.1 2936.0 229.6 2502.5 53.95 Safe
Kannada
205 Uttara Honnavar 5573.1 1831.3 2.0 357.5 2190.7 363.0 3376.9 39.31 Safe

113 | G W R A R e p o r t 2 0 2 4 - K a r n a t a k a
 S. District Assessment Unit Annual Irrigation Industri Domestic Total Annual Net Stage of Categorization
No. Name Extractable Use al Use Use Extraction GW Ground Ground (OE/Critical/
Ground Extraction Extracti Extraction (Ham) Allocation Water Water Semi Critical /
Water (Ham) on (Ham) for Availability Extraction Safe)
Resource (Ham) Domestic for future (%)
(Ham) Use as on use (Ham)
2025
(Ham)
Kannada
206 Uttara Joida 10443.5 1552.0 0.0 124.3 1676.3 126.2 8765.3 16.05 Safe
Kannada
207 Uttara Karwar 6094.2 3436.2 3.8 333.8 3773.8 338.9 2315.3 61.92 Safe
Kannada
208 Uttara Kumta 5109.0 866.3 3.9 331.8 1201.9 336.8 3902.0 23.52 Safe
Kannada
209 Uttara Mundgod 5401.3 1462.4 0.1 253.7 1716.2 257.6 3681.3 31.77 Safe
Kannada
210 Uttara Siddapur 8525.2 1810.5 1.5 209.3 2021.3 212.5 6500.7 23.71 Safe
Kannada
211 Uttara Sirsi 11826.0 2793.5 5.3 401.9 3200.7 408.0 8619.2 27.07 Safe
Kannada
212 Uttara Yellapur 13210.2 2794.9 1.0 187.9 2983.9 190.8 10223.4 22.59 Safe
Kannada
213 Vijayanagara Hadagali 8796.7 5745.0 1.4 199.3 5945.8 207.1 2843.2 67.59 Safe
214 Vijayanagara Hagaribommana 5127.7 6292.0 7.0 176.3 6475.3 184.6 0.0 126.28 Over Exploited
halli
215 Vijayanagara Harapanahalli 9831.1 8990.0 5.0 388.6 9383.6 399.4 1064.7 95.45 Critical
216 Vijayanagara Hospet 4853.0 3102.0 16.4 192.1 3310.5 206.2 1528.4 68.22 Safe
217 Vijayanagara Kotturu 2080.4 2867.0 0.0 180.1 3047.1 184.7 0.0 146.47 Over Exploited
218 Vijayanagara Kudligi 5360.2 3214.0 2.3 436.2 3652.5 450.3 1693.6 68.14 Safe
219 Vijayapura Alamela 6835.8 2186.6 0.9 270.9 2458.4 279.7 4368.7 35.96 Safe
220 Vijayapura Babaleshwara 7551.7 1625.5 13.7 288.5 1927.7 297.9 5614.7 25.53 Safe

114 | G W R A R e p o r t 2 0 2 4 - K a r n a t a k a
 S. District Assessment Unit Annual Irrigation Industri Domestic Total Annual Net Stage of Categorization
No. Name Extractable Use al Use Use Extraction GW Ground Ground (OE/Critical/
Ground Extraction Extracti Extraction (Ham) Allocation Water Water Semi Critical /
Water (Ham) on (Ham) for Availability Extraction Safe)
Resource (Ham) Domestic for future (%)
(Ham) Use as on use (Ham)
2025
(Ham)
221 Vijayapura Basavan 6161.4 2603.4 0.0 395.6 2999.0 408.5 3149.5 48.67 Safe
Bagewadi
222 Vijayapura Bijapur 7385.7 2334.8 4.6 1091.8 3431.2 1127.3 3918.9 46.46 Safe
223 Vijayapura Chadachana 5923.2 3844.9 0.0 284.7 4129.6 294.0 1949.1 69.72 Safe
224 Vijayapura Devara 6548.5 1309.7 0.0 269.9 1579.6 278.6 4960.2 24.12 Safe
Hipparagi
225 Vijayapura Indi 12908.1 6825.8 1.8 696.5 7524.1 719.2 6509.8 58.29 Safe
226 Vijayapura Kolhara 4197.5 1642.0 0.0 190.1 1832.0 196.3 2359.3 43.65 Safe
227 Vijayapura Muddebihal 8156.1 1882.4 0.0 417.8 2300.2 431.4 5842.3 28.20 Safe
228 Vijayapura Nidagundi 3924.3 2681.6 0.0 203.0 2884.6 209.6 1033.1 73.51 Semi Critical
229 Vijayapura Sindagi 8309.4 1822.5 0.0 356.3 2178.8 367.9 6119.0 26.22 Safe
230 Vijayapura Talikote 4726.1 1302.1 0.0 307.9 1610.0 317.9 3106.1 34.07 Safe
231 Vijayapura Tikota 7687.0 3869.9 5.5 299.6 4175.0 309.3 3502.3 54.31 Safe
232 Yadgir Gurumithakala 5882.8 4224.8 9.0 361.0 4594.8 381.7 1267.3 78.11 Semi Critical
233 Yadgir Hunisigi 9255.7 1854.0 3.6 360.6 2218.2 370.5 7027.6 23.97 Safe
234 Yadgir Shahapur 10241.1 1648.5 81.9 674.8 2405.2 699.0 7811.8 23.49 Safe
235 Yadgir Shorapur 10499.4 1332.1 32.4 693.8 2058.3 734.5 8400.5 19.60 Safe
236 Yadgir Vadagera 8392.3 1048.5 7.2 286.6 1342.3 307.1 7029.6 15.99 Safe
237 Yadgir Yadgir 9779.7 5939.9 1033.4 690.3 7663.5 737.7 2873.9 78.36 Semi Critical
State Total 1688062.4 1014890.4 18751.1 121731.3 1155371.5 127604.7 710193.3 68.44

115 | G W R A R e p o r t 2 0 2 4 - K a r n a t a k a
Plate 1: Categorisation Map of Bagalkote District

116 | G W R A R e p o r t 2 0 2 4 - K a r n a t a k a
Plate 2: Categorisation Map of Ballari District

117 | G W R A R e p o r t 2 0 2 4 - K a r n a t a k a
Plate 3: Categorisation Map of Belagavi District

118 | G W R A R e p o r t 2 0 2 4 - K a r n a t a k a
Plate 4: Categorisation Map of Bengaluru Rural District

119 | G W R A R e p o r t 2 0 2 4 - K a r n a t a k a
Plate 5: Categorisation Map of Bengaluru Urban District

120 | G W R A R e p o r t 2 0 2 4 - K a r n a t a k a
Plate 6: Categorisation Map of Bidar District

121 | G W R A R e p o r t 2 0 2 4 - K a r n a t a k a
Plate 7: Categorisation Map of Chamarajanagara District

122 | G W R A R e p o r t 2 0 2 4 - K a r n a t a k a
Plate 8: Categorisation Map of Chikkaballapura District

123 | G W R A R e p o r t 2 0 2 4 - K a r n a t a k a
Plate 9: Categorisation Map of Chikkamagaluru District

124 | G W R A R e p o r t 2 0 2 4 - K a r n a t a k a
Plate 10: Categorisation Map of Chitradurga District

125 | G W R A R e p o r t 2 0 2 4 - K a r n a t a k a
Plate 11: Categorisation Map of Dakshina Kannada District

126 | G W R A R e p o r t 2 0 2 4 - K a r n a t a k a
Plate 12: Categorisation Map of Davanagere District

127 | G W R A R e p o r t 2 0 2 4 - K a r n a t a k a
Plate 13: Categorisation Map of Dharwad District

128 | G W R A R e p o r t 2 0 2 4 - K a r n a t a k a
Plate 14: Categorisation Map of Gadag District

129 | G W R A R e p o r t 2 0 2 4 - K a r n a t a k a
Plate 15: Categorisation Map of Hassan District

130 | G W R A R e p o r t 2 0 2 4 - K a r n a t a k a
Plate 16: Categorisation Map of Haveri District

131 | G W R A R e p o r t 2 0 2 4 - K a r n a t a k a
Plate 17: Categorisation Map of Kalaburagi District

132 | G W R A R e p o r t 2 0 2 4 - K a r n a t a k a
Plate 18: Categorisation Map of Kodagu District

133 | G W R A R e p o r t 2 0 2 4 - K a r n a t a k a
Plate 19: Categorisation Map of Kolar District

134 | G W R A R e p o r t 2 0 2 4 - K a r n a t a k a
Plate 20: Categorisation Map of Koppal District

135 | G W R A R e p o r t 2 0 2 4 - K a r n a t a k a
 Plate 21: Categorisation Map of Mandya District

136 | G W R A R e p o r t 2 0 2 4 - K a r n a t a k a
Plate 22: Categorisation Map of Mysuru District

137 | G W R A R e p o r t 2 0 2 4 - K a r n a t a k a
Plate 23: Categorisation Map of Raichur District

138 | G W R A R e p o r t 2 0 2 4 - K a r n a t a k a
Plate 24: Categorisation Map of Ramanagara District

139 | G W R A R e p o r t 2 0 2 4 - K a r n a t a k a
Plate 25: Categorisation Map of Shivamogga District

140 | G W R A R e p o r t 2 0 2 4 - K a r n a t a k a
Plate 26: Categorisation Map of Tumkur District

141 | G W R A R e p o r t 2 0 2 4 - K a r n a t a k a
Plate 27: Categorisation Map of Udupi District

142 | G W R A R e p o r t 2 0 2 4 - K a r n a t a k a
Plate 28: Categorisation Map of Uttara Kannada District

143 | G W R A R e p o r t 2 0 2 4 - K a r n a t a k a
Plate 29: Categorisation Map of Vijayanagara District

144 | G W R A R e p o r t 2 0 2 4 - K a r n a t a k a
Plate 30: Categorisation Map of Vijayapura District

145 | G W R A R e p o r t 2 0 2 4 - K a r n a t a k a
Plate 31: Categorisation Map of Yadgir District

Plate 31: Categorisation Map of Yadgir District

146 | G W R A R e p o r t 2 0 2 4 - K a r n a t a k a
 CONTRIBUTORS PAGE
[Link] District Officer’s Name Designation
Central Ground Water Board, SWR, Bengaluru
1 Bengaluru Shri N. Jyothi Kumar Regional Director
2 Bengaluru Shri Rahul R Shende Scientist-D
3 Bengaluru Dr. Lubna Kouser Scientist-C
4 Bengaluru Mrs. Caroline Louis Scientist-C
5 Bengaluru Mrs. Anakha Ajai Scientist-C
6 Bengaluru Dr. Baby Swetha S Scientist-B

147 | G W R A R e p o r t 2 0 2 4 - K a r n a t a k a