GOVERNMENT OF KERALA

DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE
MEENANGADI – WAYANAD
[DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING]

INTERNSHIP REPORT
2025
 GROUP MEMBERS

[Link] NAME REGISTER NO.

1 ANAND C.H 2301011734
2 ANANYA K.P 2301011735
3 ARYA P.R 2301011746
4 ASHISH R 2301011748
5 BASIL GEORGE 2301011753
6 DEVADATH C.B 2301011755
7 VIRUPAKSHA T. S 2301011783
 GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE

MEENANGADI-WAYANAD

[DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING]

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the industrial training report has been done by
ANAND C H Reg No. 2301011734 first year student of civil engineering in partial
fulilment of requirement for the award of DIPLOMA IN CIVIL ENGINEERING under
the DIRECTORATE OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION, Government of Kerala during
the academic year 2023-2024 under our guidance at Govt. Polytechnic College,
Meenangadi.

Staff in charge Head of the department

Internal Examiner External Examiner

 GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE

MEENANGADI-WAYANAD

[DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING]

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the industrial training report has been done by ANANYA
K P Reg No. 230101735 first year student of civil engineering in partial fulilment of
requirement for the award of DIPLOMA IN CIVIL ENGINEERING under the
DIRECTORATE OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION, Government of Kerala during the
academic year 2023-2024 under our guidance at Govt. Polytechnic College, Meenangadi.

Staff in charge Head of the department

Internal Examiner External Examiner

 GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE

MEENANGADI-WAYANAD

[DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING]

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the industrial training report has been done by.
BASIL GEORGE Reg no: 2301011753 of first year student of civil engineering in partial
fulfilment of requirement for the award of DIPLOMA IN CIVIL ENGINEERING under
the DIRECTORATE OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION, Government of Kerala during
the academic year 2023-2024 under our guidance at Govt. Polytechnic College,
Meenangadi.

Staff in charge Head of the department

Internal Examiner External Examiner

 GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE

MEENANGADI-WAYANAD

[DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING]

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the industrial training report has been done by
DEVADATH C. B Reg no: 2301011755 of first year student of civil engineering in partial
fulfilment of requirement for the award of DIPLOMA IN CIVIL ENGINEERING under
the DIRECTORATE OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION, Government of Kerala during
the academic year 2023-2024 under our guidance at Govt. Polytechnic College,
Meenangadi.

Staff in charge Head of the department

Internal Examiner External Examiner

 GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE

MEENANGADI-WAYANAD

[DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING]

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the industrial training report has been done by ARYA P R
Reg no: 2301011746 of first year student of civil engineering in partial fulfilment of
requirement for the award of DIPLOMA IN CIVIL ENGINEERING under the
DIRECTORATE OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION, Government of Kerala during the
academic year 2023-2024 under our guidance at Govt. Polytechnic College, Meenangadi.

Staff in charge Head of the department

Internal Examiner External Examiner

 GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE

MEENANGADI-WAYANAD

[DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING]

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the industrial training report has been done by ASHISH R
Reg no: 2301011748 of first year student of civil engineering in partial fulfilment of
requirement for the award of DIPLOMA IN CIVIL ENGINEERING under the
DIRECTORATE OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION, Government of Kerala during the
academic year 2023-2024 under our guidance at Govt. Polytechnic College, Meenangadi.

Staff in charge Head of the department

Internal Examiner External Examiner

 GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE

MEENANGADI-WAYANAD

[DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING]

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the industrial training report has been done by
VIRUPAKSHA T. S Reg no: 2301011783 of first year student of civil engineering in
partial fulfilment of requirement for the award of DIPLOMA IN CIVIL
ENGINEERING under the DIRECTORATE OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION,
Government of Kerala during the academic year 2023-2024 under our guidance at Govt.
Polytechnic College, Meenangadi.

Staff in charge Head of the department

Internal Examiner External Examiner

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It gives me a great pleasure to present the report of the Internship during 12.05.2025
to 01.06.2025 under Archon engineering company. I owe a special debate of gratitude
towards Mr. Albin (Site engineer) for his support and guidance throughout the training
period.

I also take the opportunity to acknowledge all members of Archon engineering

company for their kind assistance and co-operation during the kind period. I would like to
thanks to Mrs. Divyanath HOD of Civil Engineering Department in government polytechnic
college, Meenangadi for her support and guidance. Her sincerity, thoroughness and
perseverance have been a constant source of inspiration for us. I also take the opportunity
to acknowledge all lectures at department of Civil Engineering for their guidance to prepare
this report. Last but least, I would like thanks to our friends for their contribution during the
completion of report.
 TABLE OF CONTENT

I. ABSTRACT 01
II. NEED AND SCOPE 02
III. LIST OF FIGURES 03
CHAPTER-1-SAFETY REQUIREMENTS 04
1.1. INTRODUCTION 04
1.2. PPE 06
1.3. CONSTRUCTION SAFETY PRACTICES 08
1.4. BASIC PRINCIPLES OF SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION 08
1.5. MAJOR CAUSES OF ACCIDENTS AT
PROJECTIVE SITES 08
1.6. EFFECTS OF ACCIDENTS 09
1.7. PREVENTION OF ACCIDENTS 09
1.8. SAFETY PRACTICES IN CONSTRUCTION OPERATIONS 09
1.9. POWERED WORK PLATFORMS 11
CHAPTER-2- FUNDAMENTALS OF INTERIOR DESIGN 12
2.1. INTRODUCTION 12
2.2 ADVANCED SPACE PLANNING &
VAASTU APPLICATIONS 13
2.3 ROLE OF INTERIOR DESIGNERS AND DESIGN TOOLS 14
2.4 CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS IN INTERIOR DESIGN 15
CHAPTER-3- RESIDENTIAL BUILDING 16
3.1. PROJECTIVE OVERVIEW 17
3.2. STRUCTURAL AND ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES 17
3.3. DESIGN DETAILS FROM PLAN 18
3.4. ON-SITE OBSERVATION 18
3.5. RENDERED VISUAL VS CURRENT STATUS 20
3.6. UNIQUE ARCHITECTURAL ELEMENTS 21
3.7. FUTURE WORK AND COMPLETION PLAN 22
CHAPTER-4- CONCLUSION 23
4.1 REFERENCES 24
Internship report 1

I. ABSTRACT

As part of the academic requirements for the Diploma in Civil Engineering at

Government Polytechnic College, Meenangadi, a 18-day industrial training program was
successfully completed by seven final-year students at Archon Engineering Company. The
training was conducted in a hybrid mode, combining both online sessions and offline site
visits, in accordance with the guidelines and opportunities provided by the company.

The primary objective of the internship was to integrate theoretical knowledge with
real-world engineering practices. Through online sessions, students were introduced to
various civil engineering concepts, materials, design techniques, and project workflows.
Offline training involved practical exposure at construction sites, where students observed
and learned about on-site procedures, equipment handling, safety protocols, and day-to-day
operations of a construction project.

This hybrid model allowed students to gain a broader perspective on how technology
and field practices go hand in hand in the civil engineering industry. The training also
enhanced soft skills such as communication, time management, and teamwork, alongside
technical knowledge.

This report outlines the learnings, activities, and experiences gained during the
internship period. The combination of online and offline training provided a well-rounded
experience and played a vital role in preparing the students for future professional roles in
the field of civil engineering.

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NEED AND SCOPE

An internship in civil engineering offers numerous benefits and a wide scope for
professional growth. The need for such internships arises from the increasing demand for
skilled civil engineers in various construction and infrastructure projects. Interns in civil
engineering gain practical experience by working on real-world projects, allowing them to
apply theoretical knowledge to practical scenarios and to have the opportunity to learn about
project planning, design, construction methods, quality control, and safety standards.
Additionally, civil engineering internships provide exposure to various aspects of the field,
including structural engineering, transportation engineering, geotechnical engineering, and
environmental engineering. Interns can work on diverse projects such as building
construction, bridge design, road development, and water resource management. The scope
of the internship extends to gaining hands-on experience, developing technical skills,
understanding project management processes, collaborating with multidisciplinary teams,
and building a professional network within the civil engineering industry.

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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1 PPE 6

Figure 2 Working at Heights 9

Figure 3 Scaffolding Safety 10

Figure 4 Interior Design 12

Figure 5 Plan 16

Figure 6 Construction Site 19

Figure 7 3D Render of Building 20

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CHAPTER 1

SAFETY REQUIREMENTS

1.1 INTRODUCTION

Construction sites are dynamic environments with various potential hazards. To

ensure the safety of workers, contractors, and the public, specific safety requirements must
be implemented and adhered to. While safety requirements can vary depending on the
country, region, and project type, here are some common safety requirements in
construction sites:

1. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Construction workers must wear appropriate PPE
to protect themselves from hazards. This may include hard hats, safety glasses, high-
visibility clothing, safety shoes, gloves, and respiratory protection when necessary.

2. Fall Protection: Falls are a significant hazard in construction. Safety requirements related
to fall protection include the use of guardrails, safety nets, personal fall arrest systems, and
safety harnesses when working at heights. Proper training on fall prevention and the use of
equipment is essential.

3. Scaffolding Safety: Scaffold structures must be designed, erected, inspected, and

maintained according to safety standards. Requirements typically include proper
installation, secure platforms, guardrails, toe boards, and regular inspections for stability
and integrity.

4. Excavation and Trenching Safety: Safety measures for excavations and trenches include
proper shoring, sloping, or benching to prevent collapses. Access and egress points should
be provided, and workers should be trained on the hazards associated with excavation work.

5. Electrical Safety: Electrical hazards are present on construction sites. Requirements

include grounding and bonding of electrical systems, proper use of electrical tools and

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equipment, and protection against electrical shocks and fires. Only qualified workers should
perform electrical work.

6. Hazardous Materials Management: Construction sites may involve the use, handling, and
storage of hazardous materials such as chemicals, fuels, and asbestos. Proper labeling,
storage, handling procedures, and disposal methods must be followed, along with providing
workers with necessary training and personal protective equipment.

7. Machinery and Equipment Safety: Requirements related to machinery and equipment

include regular inspections, proper guarding, lockout/tag out procedures during
maintenance or repair, and adequate training for equipment operators.

8. Emergency Preparedness: Construction sites must have an emergency response plan in

place, including procedures for fire emergencies, medical emergencies, and evacuation.
Adequate signage, emergency exits, fire extinguishers, and first aid kits should be readily
available.

9. Noise and Vibration Control: Construction sites often generate high noise levels and
vibration. Safety requirements may include the use of hearing protection, noise control
measures, and vibration damping techniques to protect workers from long-term health
effects.

10. Communication and Signage: Clear communication and signage are vital on
construction sites. Signage should indicate safety procedures, restricted areas, and hazard
warnings. Adequate communication channels, such as radios or hand signals, should be
established to ensure effective communication among workers.

It's important to note that these safety requirements are not exhaustive, and
additional regulations or project-specific requirements may apply. Compliance with local
laws and regulations, industry standards, and best practices is crucial to ensure a safe
working environment on construction sites. Regular safety training, inspections, and
continuous improvement efforts are essential for maintaining a culture of safety in
construction.

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1.2 PPE

Figure 1 PPE

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) refers to specialized clothing, equipment, and

accessories worn by individuals to protect themselves from potential hazards in the
workplace. In the context of construction sites, PPE is crucial for safeguarding workers
against various occupational risks and ensuring their safety. Here are some common types
of PPE used in construction:

1. Hard Hats: Hard hats, also known as safety helmets, protect the head from falling objects,
impact, and penetration hazards. They are essential for construction workers, particularly
those working at heights or in areas with overhead hazards.

2. Safety Glasses and Face Shields: Safety glasses with side shields or face shields provide
eye protection against flying particles, chemical splashes, and other potential eye hazards.

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They should be worn when there is a risk of eye injuries from dust, debris, or hazardous
substances.

3. High-Visibility Clothing: High-visibility clothing, typically in fluorescent colors with

reflective strips, enhances the visibility of workers in low-light conditions or areas with
moving vehicles and machinery. It helps prevent accidents by making workers more visible
to others on the construction site.

4. Safety Footwear: Safety shoes or boots are designed to protect the feet from falling
objects, punctures, electrical hazards, and slips or trips. They often have steel toe caps and
slip-resistant soles to minimize the risk of foot injuries.

5. Protective Gloves: Gloves provide hand protection against cuts, abrasions, chemical
exposure, and other hand-related hazards. The type of glove required depends on the specific
tasks and the materials being handled. For instance, cut-resistant gloves may be necessary
when working with sharp objects, while chemical-resistant gloves are essential for handling
hazardous substances.

6. Respiratory Protection: Respiratory protection is necessary when workers are exposed to

airborne contaminants, such as dust, fumes, gases, or harmful substances. Depending on the
nature and concentration of the hazards, various types of respirators, such as disposable
masks, half-face respirators, or powered air-purifying respirators (PAPRs), may be used.

7. Protective Clothing: Protective clothing includes coveralls, aprons, vests, and other
garments designed to protect the body against specific hazards, such as chemical splashes,
excessive heat or cold, or flame and fire hazards. They may be made of flame-resistant
materials, chemical-resistant fabrics, or materials that provide insulation.

8. Hearing Protection: Construction sites often generate high levels of noise that can damage
hearing. Earplugs or earmuffs are used to protect workers from noise-induced hearing loss.
These devices should be selected based on the noise levels present and the duration of
exposure.

It's important to note that PPE is the last line of defense and should be used in
conjunction with other safety measures. Workers should receive proper training on the
correct use, maintenance, and limitations of PPE. Additionally, employers have a

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responsibility to provide suitable PPE, ensure its proper fit and condition, and regularly
assess and update the PPE program based on changing hazards and needs.

1.3 CONSTRUCTION SAFETY PRACTICES

Construction safety is a critical aspect of any project, ensuring the well-being of

workers and minimizing accidents. Despite its importance, safety is often neglected due to
ignorance or arrogance, leading to preventable incidents. The construction industry in India,
being largely unorganized, faces challenges such as worker exploitation and inadequate
training. This report outlines the fundamental principles of safety, major causes of accidents,
their effects, and preventive measures, with a focus on working at heights, scaffolding,
ladders, and fall protection systems.

1.4 BASIC PRINCIPLES OF SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION

Every large construction project should have a dedicated safety department headed
by a safety officer responsible for implementing safety measures. It is essential to include
safety clauses in contract documents to ensure compliance. Contractors' past safety records
should be a key consideration during pre-qualification to promote accountability. Regular
safety training programs for employees are cost-effective and crucial for accident
prevention. Government inspections play a vital role in enforcing safety standards.
Additionally, collaboration between contractors and trade unions is necessary to prioritize
safety from the initial planning and design stages.

1.5 MAJOR CAUSES OF ACCIDENTS AT PROJECT SITES

Accidents in construction often stem from defects in planning, designing, and

organization. Unrealistic deadlines and incompetent contractors further exacerbate risks.
Poor supervision and lack of coordination between departments contribute to unsafe
working conditions. During execution, defects in construction, unsuitable materials, and
improper material processing can lead to hazards. Machinery-related accidents occur due to
a lack of suitable equipment, defects, or missing safety devices. Human factors such as

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inadequate instructions from supervisors, untrained workers, carelessness, and negligence

also play a significant role in accidents.

1.6 EFFECTS OF ACCIDENTS

Accidents in construction have severe consequences, including loss of human life

and temporary or permanent injuries. They also result in material damage, equipment loss,
and project delays. Common accident scenarios include falls during earthworks, scaffolding
collapses, concreting mishaps, and structural steel erection failures. These incidents not only
harm workers but also impact project timelines and financial viability.

1.7 PREVENTION OF ACCIDENTS

Preventing accidents requires eliminating unsafe acts and conditions. Personal

faults, unsafe habits, and environmental hazards must be addressed through proper
workplace layout, material handling, and machine guarding. Regular safety training is
essential to educate workers on best practices. Providing medical support, family
accommodations, and disciplinary measures in extreme cases further reinforces a safety-
first culture.

1.8 SAFETY PRACTICES IN CONSTRUCTION OPERATIONS

A. WORKING AT HEIGHTS (FALL HAZARDS)

Figure 2 Working at Heights

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Falls are a leading cause of injuries in construction. When working at heights of 2

meters or more, fall protection systems such as personal fall arrest harnesses and guardrails
must be used.

B. SCAFFOLDING SAFETY

Scaffolds must be constructed on stable bases with base plates and mud sills.
Guardrails are mandatory for scaffolds exceeding 2 meters in height. Regular inspections
should be conducted weekly, and timber scaffolds should remain unpainted to avoid hiding
defects. Scaffolds must support at least four times their intended load, and safe access
methods like ladders must be provided.

Figure 3 Scaffolding Safety

C. LADDER SAFETY

Ladders must be inspected before use to ensure they are free from damage. Workers
should maintain three-point contact while climbing and use the correct ladder size for the
task. Job-made ladders must have evenly spaced steps, no sharp edges, and secure footing.
Metal ladders should never be used near electrical equipment.

D. FALL PROTECTION SYSTEMS

Guardrail systems must include a top rail (42 inches high), a mid rail (21 inches
high), and a toe board. Warning lines should be placed at least 6 feet from edges and

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regularly maintained. Personal fall arrest systems require workers to be tied off at all times,
with lanyards free from damage. Floor holes, including skylights, must be covered or
guarded to prevent falls.

1.9 POWERED WORK PLATFORMS

Powered platforms such as man-baskets, aerial lifts, and scissor lifts must only be
operated by trained personnel. Proper fall protection, including harnesses, is mandatory.
Equipment should be inspected before use to ensure it is suitable for lifting personnel.

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CHAPTER 2

FUNDAMENTALS OF INTERIOR DESIGN

2.1 INTRODUCTION

Figure 4 Interior Design

Interior design is a creative and technical discipline that transforms a simple house
into a comfortable and meaningful home. It involves the thoughtful selection and
arrangement of elements like furniture, color schemes, lighting, and decor to enhance the
functionality and aesthetic appeal of an interior space. This process is deeply personal and
often shaped by the lifestyle, tastes, and needs of the occupants.

The first step in beginning any interior design project is planning the budget. Budget
planning acts as a guiding framework, helping to determine what is affordable in terms of
furniture, appliances, finishes, and layout changes. Whether the design will be simple and
minimalist or lavish and luxurious depends largely on this financial boundary.

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Once the budget is established, the next critical element is choosing a color scheme.
Colors influence mood and ambiance, and hence, must be selected carefully. The 60-30-10
rule is a standard principle in color theory where 60% represents the dominant color, 30% a
secondary color, and 10% an accent. Testing paint colors before application is recommended
to ensure satisfaction over time.

Furniture selection is equally important. It should harmonize with the overall design
scheme and serve functional purposes. Designers must consider the lifestyle of the residents,
especially in homes with children or pets. The choice between furniture that blends into the
background versus those that stand out as focal pieces should align with the room’s purpose.

After setting the furniture, attention turns to wall and window treatments. Wall decor
can include artwork, mirrors, textured panels, or shelving. Creativity plays a key role in
personalizing the space. Window treatments not only contribute to aesthetics but also serve
functional roles like light control and privacy.

Vaastu Shastra, the ancient Indian science of architecture, was introduced as a

foundational concept for creating balanced and harmonious living spaces. It is based on the
five elements—Earth, Water, Fire, Air, and Space—and guides the directional alignment of
spaces within a home. For example, in the kitchen, the South-East direction is considered
ideal for placing the stove, while the North-East and Center should be avoided. Preferred
colors include white, yellow, red, orange, and brown.

2.2 ADVANCED SPACE PLANNING & VAASTU APPLICATIONS

Effective space planning is the backbone of interior design. It involves organizing

furniture and decor in a way that optimizes the functionality and visual appeal of a space.
Spaces can be categorized into social (e.g., living or dining rooms), private (bedrooms),
work (home offices), and storage (closets, pantries). Poor space planning can lead to visual
clutter and reduced usability.

Top space planning tips include recognizing natural focal points, ensuring a balance
of furniture and empty space, and avoiding overfilling the room. Walking pathways should
remain unobstructed, and storage should be conveniently located. When dealing with large
open spaces, defining separate zones using furniture layout, rugs, or lighting can help

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maintain clarity of purpose. Human-centric design ensures that the design aligns with the
habits and expectations of its users. Designing with budget and scale in mind is crucial,
especially in small or multi-functional spaces.

Vaastu principles were further explored for different areas of the home. Bedrooms
should ideally be in the South-West direction, with the head facing South while sleeping.
Mirrors and reflective surfaces like televisions should be covered at night. In living rooms,
North is the preferred direction, and artwork should reflect positivity. Pooja rooms should
be located in the North-East, where the first sunrays can bring natural light. Bathrooms
should not be adjacent to kitchens or pooja rooms and are best placed in the North or East.
In office spaces, roles can be assigned zones: senior executives in the South-West, middle
managers in the North and East, and field staff in the North-West. Accounts departments
should be in the South-East, with reception in the North-East.

2.3 ROLE OF INTERIOR DESIGNERS & DESIGN TOOLS

Interior designers play a vital role in shaping interior environments by combining

creativity with technical expertise. They work closely with clients, architects, and
contractors to develop design solutions that reflect the client’s lifestyle and functional
requirements. Designers interpret the client’s goals and translate them into design plans,
select appropriate materials and finishes, and manage budgets and timelines.

Responsibilities of an interior designer span from initial concept development to

final execution. This includes conducting site visits, understanding client needs, creating
design drafts, negotiating fees, and sourcing furnishings and materials. To execute these
tasks effectively, designers must possess a robust portfolio and be proficient in design
software.

Modern interior design heavily relies on digital tools. Professional-grade tools

include AutoCAD, which enables the creation of 2D and 3D floor plans and construction
documents. Revit, another popular tool, uses Building Information Modeling (BIM) to
automatically update all views and related components when a change is made in the model.
Photoshop is widely used for editing visual presentations and enhancing design concepts,

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while Illustrator helps create scalable, professional-quality graphics. SketchUp is favored

for its user-friendliness and extensive 3D model library.

Consumer-oriented tools like Floor Planner and Planner 5D offer free, web-based
platforms for creating and visualizing designs in 2D and 3D. Retailers such as IKEA and
paint companies like Sherwin-Williams provide online tools for room and color planning,
allowing clients to visualize product selections within their spaces.

2.4 CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS IN INTERIOR DESIGN

Furniture is an essential component of interior design, serving both functional and

decorative purposes. It supports various activities such as sitting, working, and sleeping,
while also contributing to the overall design narrative of a space.

High-quality furniture materials are characterized by their density, durability, and

sustainability. Designers are encouraged to choose environmentally responsible materials
such as FSC-certified wood and other recyclable options. Good furniture does not
necessarily have to be expensive but should be well-crafted using long-lasting materials.

Beyond their functional roles, furniture pieces often carry cultural and symbolic
significance. They can act as artistic expressions and play a central role in creating cozy and
meaningful living spaces. Construction techniques and joinery reflect local craftsmanship
and traditions, adding character and uniqueness to each piece.

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CHAPTER 3

RESIDENTIAL BUILDING

Project Residential Building

Location Moodadi, Vadakara, Kozhikode
Company Archon engineering company
Built up area 5800 sq. ft
Total cost of project Rs.4,00,00,000/-
Floors Proposed G+1
Owner Mr. Nizar

Figure 5 Plan

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3.1 PROJECT OVERVIEW

The site visit was conducted at a luxury residential building under construction in
Moodadi, Vadakara, Kozhikode District, Kerala. Owned by Mr. Nizar, the structure spans
a built-up area of approximately 5800 square feet. The architectural layout adopts an H-
shaped configuration, enabling balanced spatial zoning, ventilation, and daylight entry.

This is a premium project estimated to cost ₹4 Crore, with construction progress

valued at ₹1.5 Crore at the time of visit. The residence features modern amenities including
centralized air conditioning, automated electronic curtains, and traditional red oxide
flooring. The structure has an unusual total height of 10 meters—much taller than the
average residential building—supporting high ceilings, large fenestrations, and false
ceiling-based HVAC installations.

3.2 STRUCTURAL AND ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES

Foundation and Frame

• The residence is constructed on a pile foundation system, indicating the presence of

weaker soil strata in the area. Piles ensure better structural load distribution and
mitigate differential settlement.

• Unlike conventional buildings, no visible concrete lintels were observed above door
and window openings. Structural stability is instead maintained using concealed
reinforced beams and slab-edge designs. This contributes to a seamless and modern
architectural look.

Building Height

• With a height nearing 10 meters, the building stands prominently taller than typical
two-storey residences.

• This added height allows for generous internal clearances, efficient placement of
central AC ducts and false ceilings, and enhances natural air circulation.

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Plan Shape – H Configuration

• The H-shaped plan divides the building into three functional wings: living/social
spaces, private bedrooms, and service/utilitarian zones.

• It facilitates three internal courtyards that provide effective cross-ventilation and

daylight penetration, while enhancing spatial aesthetics.

3.3 DESIGN DETAILS FROM PLAN

Key elements of the floor plan include:

• Four spacious bedrooms, each with attached bathrooms and built-in wardrobe space.

• Three internal courtyards that act as the core of the building’s natural ventilation
strategy.

• A central dining area measuring 791x420 cm, located adjacent to the water body and
kitchen.

• A 390x390 cm modular kitchen equipped with an adjoining work area and a

dedicated store room.

• A 312x300 cm prayer room, oriented centrally for convenient access.

• A mezzanine-level study zone that provides visual connectivity and a semi-private

workspace.

• A water body feature in the core courtyard that enhances microclimate and thermal
comfort.

• A spiral staircase topped with a skylight, contributing both vertical circulation and
architectural expression.

3.4 ON-SITE OBSERVATIONS

Construction Status

• The primary structure up to the roof slab is complete.

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• Formwork and reinforcement of the spiral staircase and mezzanine floor are in place.

• Plastering work has begun on internal and external walls.

• Openings for doors and windows are completed per the architectural drawings.

Quality and Detailing

• RCC elements appear to be well-aligned and cured, indicating quality workmanship.

• Ducting for centralized air conditioning is ongoing, and false ceiling channels are
being fixed.

• Slot markings for red oxide flooring are visible, suggesting surface preparation has
begun.

Features Under Construction

• Wiring conduits and tracks for electronic curtains have been embedded.

• Skylight cutouts are complete, with frame installations in progress.

Site Interaction

During the visit, the site engineer explained the pile layout, the advantages of no-
lintel architecture, and the sequencing of HVAC and electrical installation. These practical
insights helped bridge academic knowledge with on-site execution.

Figure 6 Construction Site

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3.5 RENDERED VISUAL VS CURRENT STATUS

Figure 7 3D Render of Building

Architectural Feature 3D Rendered Image Actual Site Status

Shows

Green Wall & Exterior Lush landscaping and stone External plastering complete;
Finish facade landscape pending

Pergolas & Sit-Outs Wooden pergolas and Structural frame done; wood
shaded seating finish pending

Driveway & Lawn Paved surface with palm Hardscaping not yet started
trees and turf

Courtyards Green zones with planters Defined structurally; greening

and seating pending

Skylights & Roof Skylights placed in Structural cutouts in place; sheets

Cutouts corridors and hall not installed

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3.6 UNIQUE ARCHITECTURAL ELEMENTS

• Courtyards and Central Water Body for Passive Cooling:

Three internal courtyards and a centrally located water body serve as natural
cooling zones. They enhance cross ventilation, promote daylight entry, and reduce heat
buildup, minimizing reliance on mechanical cooling systems.

• H-Shaped Layout for Spatial Zoning and Openness:

The H-shaped floor plan effectively separates private, semi-private, and service
areas. It ensures every room opens to a courtyard or terrace, enhancing light, ventilation,
and visual connection to the outdoors.

• No Lintel Design for Clean, Minimalist Interiors:

By eliminating traditional lintels, walls maintain a continuous finish with concealed

load-bearing elements. This results in cleaner lines and a contemporary, unobtrusive
look.

• Red Oxide Flooring for Sustainability and Style:

This traditional flooring material provides a cool, durable, and low-maintenance

surface. Its natural, earthy tone aligns with Kerala’s cultural aesthetics while offering
environmental benefits.

• Integrated Automation for Modern Living:

The home includes centralized AC and electronic curtain systems. These smart
features offer convenience, comfort, and efficient energy use, supporting a tech-enabled
lifestyle.

• Large Sliding Doors and Fixed Windows for Light and Air:

Oversized openings create seamless indoor-outdoor transitions. They flood

interiors with natural light and promote ventilation, reducing dependence on artificial
lighting.

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3.7 FUTURE WORK AND COMPLETION PLAN

The following stages are to be completed over the next 9–12 months:

• Completion of HVAC, electrical, and plumbing systems.

• Finalization of interior and exterior plastering.

• Application of red oxide and tile flooring finishes.

• Installation of doors, windows, curtain tracks, and electronic systems.

• Landscaping, driveway paving, and compound wall construction.

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CHAPTER 4

CONCLUSION

This report has comprehensively addressed critical aspects of construction safety,

the fundamentals of interior design, and the practical execution of a residential building
project. Beginning with an in-depth exploration of safety requirements, it emphasized the
importance of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), accident prevention, and safe
construction practices. These elements are crucial in minimizing hazards and ensuring the
well-being of workers on-site.

In the subsequent section, the report examined interior design principles,

highlighting the significance of space planning, Vaastu compliance, and modern design
tools. The importance of selecting appropriate construction materials for interior spaces was
also underscored, reinforcing the need for both functionality and aesthetics in design
outcomes.

The analysis of a real-time residential building project brought theoretical

knowledge into context. Through on-site observations, architectural and structural detailing,
and a comparison between rendered visuals and current status, this chapter demonstrated
the progression from concept to construction. Unique architectural elements and future plans
further added depth to the project’s scope.

In conclusion, this report integrates safety, design, and practical execution, offering
a holistic view of residential construction. It underscores that successful project delivery
requires a synergy of preventive safety measures, thoughtful interior design, and effective
on-site coordination. As construction and design practices evolve, continuous learning and
adherence to best practices remain key to sustainable and efficient development.

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3.1. REFERENCES

1. [Link]

2. [Link]

3. [Link]

[Link]

[Link]

[Link]

[Link]

Department of Civil Engineering GPC Meenangadi