using System;
using System.Linq;
class Program
{
public static void Inc(ref int i)
{
i++;
}
public static void Add(int a, int b, out int sum, out int product)
{
sum = a + b;
product = a * b;
}
public static int MaxVal(params int[] numbers)
{
return numbers.Max();
}
static void Main(string[] args)
int x = 0;
Inc(ref x);
Console.WriteLine("Ref example: " + x);
int s, p;
Add(2, 3, out s, out p);
Console.WriteLine("Out example (Sum): " + s);
Console.WriteLine("Out example (Product): " + p);
int max = MaxVal(1, 46, 25, 22, 99);
Console.WriteLine("Params example (Max): " + max);
object o = "ABC";
if (o is string str)
{
Console.WriteLine("Is example: " + str); }
else
{
Console.WriteLine("Is example: Not a string");
}
object obj = "Hello World";
string str2 = obj as string;
if (str2 == null)
{
Console.WriteLine("As example: Not representable as string");
}
else
{
Console.WriteLine("As example: " + str2); }
object obj2 = 123;
string str3 = obj2 as string;
if (str3 == null)
{
Console.WriteLine("As example (wrong cast): Not representable
as string");
}
}
}
2.
using System;
class Program
{
// params + out
static void ProcessNumbers(out int sum, params int[] numbers)
{
sum = 0;
foreach (var n in numbers)
{
sum += n;
}
Console.WriteLine("Sum inside ProcessNumbers: " + sum);
}
// ref
static void DoubleValue(ref int x)
{
x *= 2;
}
static void Main()
{
int total;
ProcessNumbers(out total, 1, 2, 3); // params + out
Console.WriteLine("Total after ProcessNumbers: " + total);
int a = 5;
DoubleValue(ref a); // ref
Console.WriteLine("Value of a after DoubleValue: " + a);
object obj = "100";
// is + out (pattern matching + parsing)
if (obj is string s && int.TryParse(s, out int parsed))
{
Console.WriteLine("Parsed value: " + parsed);
}
object obj2 = 123;
string str = obj2 as string; // as
Console.WriteLine("obj2 as string: " + (str ?? "Casting failed"));
// Combination trick
object obj3 = 50;
int val = 10;
if (obj3 is int i)
{
DoubleValue(ref val); // ref inside condition
Console.WriteLine("val after ref in is block: " + val);
int sum2;
ProcessNumbers(out sum2, val, i); // params + out again
Console.WriteLine("sum2 in combination: " + sum2);
}
}
}
3.
using System;
class Program
{
// params + out
static void Process(out int sum, params int[] numbers)
{
sum = 0;
foreach (var n in numbers) sum += n;
Console.WriteLine("Inside Process: sum = " + sum);
}
// ref
static void Multiply(ref int x, int factor)
{
x *= factor;
}
static void Main()
{
int total;
Process(out total, 1, 2, 3, 4); // params + out
Console.WriteLine("Total after Process: " + total);
int a = 5;
Multiply(ref a, total); // ref + depends on previous total
Console.WriteLine("a after Multiply: " + a);
object obj = "250";
// is + out + inline parsing
if (obj is string s && int.TryParse(s, out int parsed))
{
Multiply(ref parsed, 2);
Console.WriteLine("Parsed * 2: " + parsed);
}
object obj2 = 123;
string str = obj2 as string ?? "DefaultString"; // as + null coalescing
Console.WriteLine("obj2 as string: " + str);
// Complex combination
object[] arr = { "10", 20, "30" };
int sum2 = 0;
foreach (var item in arr)
{
if (item is string st && int.TryParse(st, out int val))
{
Multiply(ref val, 3); // ref + is + out
sum2 += val;
Console.WriteLine("String item processed: " + val);
}
else if (item as int? is int n) // as + is
{
Multiply(ref n, 4); // ref inside is block
sum2 += n;
Console.WriteLine("Int item processed: " + n);
}
}
Process(out int finalSum, a, parsed, sum2); // params + out +
previous values
Console.WriteLine("Final combined sum: " + finalSum);
}
}
🔹 Output Step by Step:
1. Process(out total, 1,2,3,4) → sum = 10
o Prints: Inside Process: sum = 10
o total = 10 → Prints: Total after Process: 10
2. Multiply(ref a, total) → a = 5 × 10 = 50
o Prints: a after Multiply: 50
3. obj is string s && int.TryParse(s, out parsed) → parsed = 250
o Multiply by 2 → 250 × 2 = 500
o Prints: Parsed * 2: 500
4. obj2 as string ?? "DefaultString" → obj2 is int → null →
"DefaultString"
o Prints: obj2 as string: DefaultString
5. foreach(arr) → tricky:
o item = "10" → parsed 10 ×3 = 30 → sum2 = 30 → Prints:
String item processed: 30
o item = 20 → int? is int n → 20 ×4 = 80 → sum2 = 110 →
Prints: Int item processed: 80
o item = "30" → parsed 30 ×3 = 90 → sum2 = 200 → Prints:
String item processed: 90
6. Process(out finalSum, a, parsed, sum2) → Process(50, 500, 200) →
sum = 50+500+200=750
o Prints: Inside Process: sum = 750
o finalSum = 750 → Prints: Final combined sum: 750
✅ Full Output:
Inside Process: sum = 10
Total after Process: 10
a after Multiply: 50
Parsed * 2: 500
obj2 as string: DefaultString
String item processed: 30
Int item processed: 80
String item processed: 90
Inside Process: sum = 750
Final combined sum: 750
এই কোডের trickiness:
সব keyword একই program এ ব্যবহার
Nested is + out + ref
as + ?? null coalescing
params দিয়ে multiple values
Sequential dependency (previous results affect next calculations)
