PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND HEALTH 3

COR 019 // YEAR 2 – SEM 1 // QUARTER 1

MODULE 1: PHYSICAL EDUCATION • Action – any human movement in the act of dancing
(dance steps, facial movements)
WHAT IS PHYSICAL EDUCATION? • Space – interact w/ space in myriad ways; they may
• Physical Education – integral part of the whole stay in one place, travel, or alter direction.
educational program. • Time – movement of dancers through time;
To promote optimum development of an relationship to the music, tempo/rhythm.
individual physically, socially, emotionally, • Energy – variations in movement flow & the use of
mentally through total body movement. force, tension, and weight.
LEGAL BASIS
SECTION 19, ARTICLE XIV OF THE 1987 CONSTITUTION OF REPUBLIC OF THE MODULE 3: VARIOUS DANCE FORMS
PHILIPPINES • Ballet – originated during the Italian Renaissance in
a. The state shall promote physical education and the 15th century; it is theatrical – performed on a
encourage sports programs. stage, tells a story/express thought, concept or
b. All education institutions shall undertake regular emotion.
sports activities throughout the country. Uses highly formalized set steps.
GOALS AND OBJECTIVES ODF PHYSICAL EDUCATION • Modern Dance – free, expressive style of dancing in
• To have a fun and safe environment. the early 20th century; broad genre of western
• Develop an attitude of sportsmanship. concert that included dance styles like ballet, folk,
• Develop locomotive movements (walk, run, hop). ethnic, etc.
• Body awareness (body parts & shapes). Its focus is expression; its movements are
• Spatial awareness (moving in different directions). freeform and fluid, required considerable core
• Develop personal skills. work & strength.
• Build relationships (friends, partners) • Jazz Dance – emerged in the US in the early 20th
• Build confidence and self-esteem. century; may refer to vernacular, broadway, or
IMPORTANCE OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION theatrical jazz.
1. Health Promotion Features improvisation, pairs animated
Encouraging students to engage in regular expression w/ sharp yet fluid motions.
exercise, to reduce risk of diseases. • Cultural Dance (Folk Dance) – arisen from a people’s
2. Motor Skill Development cultural traditions; any local dancing tradition,
Plays a vital role in the development of motor strongly connected w/ local musical forms or local
skills, coordination, and agility. beliefs.
3. Social Skills and Teamwork • Pop Dance – originated in US in 1980; most
Foster social interaction and teamwork; helping popular… used in clubs to include everyone.
students develop communication skills. A funk/street dance based on the technique of
4. Mental Health Benefits quickly contracting and relaxing muscles to
Helps mental health by reducing stress, and cause a jerk in the dancer’s body.
improves mood. • Dance Sports – social dancing in couples, a
5. Lifelong Fitness Habits competitive activity; includes dances like tango,
Promotes sustained health and well-being rumba, or cha-cha.
throughout one’s life. Characteristics: physical strength, agility,
coordination, stamina, teamwork.
MODULE 2: DANCE HISTORY AND ELEMENTS
BRIEF HISTORY OF DANCE
MODULE 4: FUNDAMENTAL DANCE POSITIONS OF THE ARMS
Dance accompanied ancient rituals, spiritual AND FEET
gatherings and social events. ARM POSITIONS
First African tribes covered themselves in war-paint • First Position – both arms raised forward in front
to the spreading of music and dance across all the with the fingertips apart.
world. • Second Position – both arms raised sideward with a
Oldest proof of dancing comes from the 9000-year- graceful curve at shoulder level.
old cave paintings that were found in India. • Third Position – one arm raised sideward as in 2nd
Dancing became widespread can be traced to the position; other arm raised upward.
third millennia BC, when Egyptians started using • Fourth Position – one arm raised in front as in 1st
dance as integral parts of their ceremonies. position; other arm raised over head.
1400 BC year old Egyptian painting showed the • Fifth Position – both arms raised over head.
group of scantly dressed girls who danced for the
wealthy.
DEFINITION OF DANCE
• Dance – movement of body in a rhythmic way,
usually to music.
Dance is a powerful impulse; impulse channeled
by skillful performers. FEET POSITION
Two concepts of the art of dance: as a powerful • First Position – heel close together; toes apart with
impulse & a skillfully choreographed art. an angle of 45 degrees.
ELEMENTS OF DANCE • Second Position – astride sideward about a pace or
BASTE: 1 foot distance.
• Body – the mobile figure/shape, felt by dancer.

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PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND HEALTH 3
COR 019 // YEAR 2 – SEM 1 // QUARTER 1

• Third Position – Heel of one foot close to in-step of BASIC FOLK DANCE STEPS
other foot. 1. Touch Step
• Fourth Position – one in front of other foot of a pace Point R foot in front; step R foot close to L
distance. Simplified: point, close
• Fifth Position – heel of front close to big toe of rear 2. Step-Point
foot. Step R foot forward; point L foot forward
Simplified: step, point
3. Hop-Step
Step R forward; hop on R and raise L foot
Simplified: step, hop
4. Step-Swing
Step R foot to the side; swing L foot across
Simplified: step, swing
DANCE POSITIONS 5. Step-Brush-Swing-Hop
1. Facing Position Step, brush, swing, then hop
• facing each other, join both hands, chest level or Simplified: step, brush-swing, hop
a little lower 6. Slow Bleke
2. Conversation/Flirtation Position – Place R heel front, then close
• girl L hand placed on R shoulder of boy Simplified: heel, close
• boy R hand is placed around girl’s waist 7. Cut Step
3. Escort Position Displace L with R, then back
• girl holds the R arm of the boy with her L hand Note: can be done diagonally
4. Couple Position 8. Grapevine
• dancers join inside hands, shoulder level Step side, cross behind/front
5. Close Ballroom Dance Position Simplified: side, rear, side, front
• partners facing each other 9. Contraganza
• girl L hand is placed on the R shoulder of boy Leap R, cross L over, step
• boy R hand is placed on the L waist of girl Simplified: leap, cross, step
• outside hands are joined 10. Change Step
6. Open Social Ballroom Dance Position Step, close, step
• same as close ballroom but dancers are facing Simplified: change, pace, step
the audience 11. Plain Polka
7. Shoulder-Waist Position Step, close, step, pause
• partners face each other 12. Heel and Toe Polka
• girl places both hands on the boy shoulder Heel, toe, then polka step
Simplified: heel, toe, step, close, step, pause
• boy places both hands on girl waist
13. Escotis
8. Butterfly Position
Step, close, step, hop
• partners face each other
14. Mazurka
• join both hands and extend sideward
Slide, cut, hop
9. Wrap Position
15. Sway Balance w/ Point
• partners face audience Step R forward, cross L, back R, then point L
• boy stands slightly behind girl Simplified: step, cross, step, point
• girl crosses arms (R over L) in front of the waist
• boy holds L hand of the girl with his own L hand
& R hand of girl with his own R hand MODULE 8, 9 & 10: PHILIPPINE FOLK DANCES – TINIKLING
10. Back-Crossed Arm Position DANCE
• Both arms are crossed at the back • Philippine Folk Dance – the traditional and cultural
dances that have originated and evolved in the
MODULE 5&6: BASIC FOLK DANCE STEPS Philippines.
Often reflective of the diverse cultural
• Basic Dance Step – fundamental movements and
influences that shaped the country’s history.
sequences that form the foundation of a particular
dance style. SAMPLE LUZON FOLKDANCES
Learning this is crucial for beginners as it helps • Cariñosa – a courtship dance in harana-style dance
build strong technical foundation. like a love story in movement.
This involves simple footwork, body Girl hides her face behind a fan or handkerchief,
movements, and arm positions. while the boy tries to win her heart.
TERMINOLOGIES • Abaruray – any social gathering in the remote
“barrios” of the Philippines, it is customary to offer
• Time Signature – numerical symbol that indicates
wine to the visitors.
the number of beats in each measure (e.g. 2/4).
Wine offering dance.
• Dance Pattern – structured and repeated sequence
• Binasuan – dancers balance three glasses or cups
of movements or steps in a dance routine (e.g. point,
filled with rise wine in each hand while performing
close).
intricate footwork and graceful movements.
• Count Pattern – rhythmic structure/timing of a
Usually performed during parties or
dance sequence; counting beats/measures (e.g. 1, 2)
celebrations to amaze the audience.
• La Jota Manileña – spanish-inspired dance using
bamboo castanets.

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Came from Spanish influence, especially during TINIKLING DANCE

the colonization period. STORY AND BACKGROUND
A mix of Filipino and Spanish culture showing
elegance and tradition. • Tikling – a bird with long legs and long neck.
Clever and knows how to move between grass
• Salip – dance that celebrates important events such
stems or tree branches without getting trapped.
as birth, wedding, victory in war and thanksgiving.
Bridegroom offers the bride the protection and • Tinikling – traditional dance from Visayas where
comfort of his blanket. dancers step and hop between two long bamboo
Simulates the movements of a rooster at love poles.
play. The challenge is to keep dancing without your
feet getting caught between the poles – like the
• Maglalatik – mock war dance between the Muslims
Tikling bird avoids danger.
and Christians that originated from Binan, Laguna.
About the fight for the latik (coconut meat) COSTUME
during the Spanish era. • Girls – balintawak or patadiong; colorful traditional
SAMPLE VISAYAS FOLKDANCES dresses.
• Mananagat – mimics fishermen at sea; dancers act • Boys – barong tagalog w/ long red trousers with one
like fishermen, paddling a boat and catching fish. leg rolled up; they dance barefoot.
Shows the importance of fishing in Visayan life MUSIC AND FORMATION
and livelihood. • Music has a count of “1, 2, 3” per measure and
• Mananguete – shows how tuba is made; a mimetic divided into two parts: A & B.
dance. • Formation; dancers usually stand at the left side of
Steps include sharpening the sanggot, cleaning the bamboo poles, girl in front, boys behind, facing
the kawit, climing the coconut tree, extracting the audience.
the sap, and tasting the tuba. Bamboo players sit opposite each other, holding
• Kuradang – a lively wedding dance popular in Bohol, the ends of the poles.
where it is performed to the accompaniment of RHYTHM
rondalla. • Remember: O-I-I → outside, inside, inside.
• Kuratsa – wedding dance with chase; often dances Hop outside the poles when they are closed; hop
at weddings and big family events in Visayas, and has inside twice when they are open.
three parts:
Waltz – gentle and romantic
Chase – boy will chase the girl. MODULE 11, 12 & 13: ITIK-ITIK DANCE
Finale – man wins the girl. STORY AND BACKGROUND
SAMPLE MINDANAO FOLKDANCES • Itik-itik dance started in Surigao.
• Singkil – a graceful princess dance; based on the • A lady named Kanang was dancing a folk dance
Maranao version of Ramayana, a legendary epic. called Sibay at a baptism party. She got carried by
Girl (Putri Gandingan) dances between two the music and started copying the movement of
poles representing falling trees and the prince ducks.
(Rajah Bantugan) rescues her. COSTUME
• Karasaguyon – a polygamous male in the process of • Girls – patadyong/balintawak; colorful dresses that
picking his next wife from among four sisters. allow movement.
• Pangalay – elegant wedding dance in Sulu; • Boys – barong tagalog/camisa de chino with white
performed by Tausug people. trousers.
Usually danced by women with extended finger MUSIC AND FORMATION
accessories that make the movements more
• Music has 1, 2, 3 count to each measure and divided
beautiful.
into two parts: A and B.
FOLK DANCE ACCORDING TO PURPOSE • Formation: couples are scattered around the room,
• Occupational Dances – depicts actions, partners stand 6 feet apart with the girl on the right
characteristics, occupations, industries, and phases side of her partner when facing the audience.
of human labor. ITIK-ITIK BASIC STEPS
• Religious/Ceremonial Dances – performed in 1. Step, Ball-Close, Ball-Close
connection with religious vows, practice, and Step, bring your other foot close, then step
ceremonies. again.
• Courtship Dances – depicts love-making or the love Like a duck walking forward.
theme. 2. Heel, Close-Ball, Close
• Wedding Dances – performed by newlyweds, by Point your heel forward, then close your feet
friends and relatives of each bride and groom and step forward.
• Festival Dances – performed in connection with Like a duck pecking the ground.
celebrations, a feast or a barrio fiesta. 3. Hop, Step, Close, Step
• War Dances – show imaginary combat or duel with Hop once, step forward, bring feet together,
the use of fighting implement. step forward again.
• Comic Dances – dances with funny and humorous Like a duck waddling sideways.
movements intended for entertainment. 4. Step, Slide-Close, Slide-Close
• Game Dance – dances that have some play elements Step forward, then slide the other foot in.
and are for recreational purposes. Like a duck waddling sideways.
• Social Dance – dances performed by social
gathering.

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5. Cross-Step, Slide-Close
Cross one foot in front, then slide the other foot
in.
Like a duck crossing a puddle.
6. Cross-Step, Slide-Close
Continuous crossing movement for travel across
the pond.

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