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Relay Module Intro

A relay module is an electrically operated switch that enables low-power microcontrollers like the ESP8266 to control high-power devices safely. It consists of a control side connected to the microcontroller and a load side connected to the high-voltage device, allowing for safe operation without direct high voltage exposure. The module is essential for projects like irrigation systems, providing automatic control and safety for high-current devices.

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41 views2 pages

Relay Module Intro

A relay module is an electrically operated switch that enables low-power microcontrollers like the ESP8266 to control high-power devices safely. It consists of a control side connected to the microcontroller and a load side connected to the high-voltage device, allowing for safe operation without direct high voltage exposure. The module is essential for projects like irrigation systems, providing automatic control and safety for high-current devices.

Uploaded by

dhawalesagar321
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Relay Module

1. What it is
A relay module is an electrically operated switch that allows a low-power microcontroller (like ESP8266) to
control high-power devices such as a water pump, fan, or motor.

• Acts as a safe switch so low-voltage microcontrollers can control high-voltage devices without
harm.
• In the irrigation system, it controls the water pump safely without sending high voltage through the
ESP8266.

2. How it works
• Two sides:
• Control Side (Low Voltage): Connected to ESP8266 GPIO pin, works with 3.3V or 5V logic.
• Load Side (High Voltage): Connected to the device; relay switches ON/OFF the device.
• When ESP8266 sends HIGH, relay activates → current flows to pump.
• When LOW, relay deactivates → pump stops.

3. Pin Configuration (Typical 1-Channel Relay Module)

Pin Function

VCC 5V power for relay coil

GND Ground

IN / SIG Control signal from ESP8266 GPIO (3.3V–5V)

NO Normally Open contact (connect to device)

NC Normally Closed contact (optional)

COM Common contact (connect to device power)

Note: For irrigation project: connect IN pin to a GPIO (e.g., D1), and NO & COM to water pump circuit. Relay
can be active LOW or HIGH depending on module.

4. Electrical Power Requirement


• Relay coil needs electrical power to operate.

1
• Typically 5V DC supplied via VCC and GND pins.
• ESP8266 GPIO cannot supply enough current; the relay module includes a built-in driver circuit,
which is a small internal circuit (like a transistor or opto-isolator) that safely amplifies the signal from
ESP8266 to switch the relay.
• Can be powered via regulated 5V supply or battery (5V Li-ion / Li-Po).

5. Why it’s important in the project


• Ensures safety: ESP8266 doesn’t handle high current directly.
• Allows automatic pump control based on soil moisture readings.
• Supports multiple devices if using multi-channel relay modules.

6. Advantages
• Simple interface with microcontrollers.
• Isolates microcontroller from high-voltage devices.
• Compact, reliable, and inexpensive.
• Works well with IoT projects for automated control.

7. Important Tips (Interview Point)


• Check relay voltage and current ratings before connecting a device.
• Avoid connecting AC mains without safety precautions.
• Use external power supply if multiple relays or high-current devices are used.
• Know whether your relay is active LOW or HIGH.

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